DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRAPRADESH
Name : D.V.Ramana
Designation : Lecturer/ECE
Branch : ECE
Institute : Dr.BRAGMRPolytechnic,Rajahmundry,E.G Dist
Year/semester : III
Subject : circuit theory
Subject code : EC-303
Major topic : Resonance and coupled circuits
Sub-topic : problems on series resonance and parallel
resonance
Duration : 100min
Teaching aids : PPT,circuit diagrams, graphs
EC 303.65 to 66 1
OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period ,you would able to

solve :

• problems on series resonance

• problems on parallel resonance

EC 303.65 to 66 2
RECAP

• Define resonance ?

• Give formula of quality factor ?

• What is the relation between Q, Bw, fo ?

• What is formula for resonant frequency ?

EC 303.65 to 66 3
1.Determine the resonant frequency of
series resonant circuit shown in Fig.

• What is the expression for resonant 0.5mH

frequency of series RLC circuit ?

Vs
• Resonant frequency of series 10 Ω
1
RLC circuit f 0 =
2π LC 10 µF

Fig 1

EC 303.65 to 66 4
• On Substitution of L and C values in the above Eq.

1
f0 = = 2251Hz
2π 0.5 ×10 ×10 ×10
−3 −6

• Therefore resonant frequency = 2251 Hz

EC 303.65 to 66 5
2.Determine the value of inductive reactance
of the circuit shown at resonance ?

• What will be the net reactance of

RLC series circuit under resonance ? jXL

VS
50 Ω
• Net reactance of RLC series
circuit under resonance X=0
-j25 Ω

Fig 2

EC 303.65 to 66 6
 Net reactance X = X L −X C
⇒ X L − 25 = 0
⇒ X L = 25Ω

Therefore the inductive reactance of the circuit under

resonance = 25 ohms

What is the impedance of the circuit at resonance ?

As reactance is zero impedance of the circuit at

resonance Z0 = R= 50 ohms

EC 303.65 to 66 7
3.For the circuit shown in fig3 .Find the
frequency at which maximum voltage
appears across capacitor and also find the
maximum voltage across capacitor

• When will the voltage across

0.1 H
the capacitor be maximum ?
50V
10 Ω
1 R2
• At ω= − 2
LC 2 L 50 µF
Fig 3

EC 303.65 to 66 8
On substitution of L,C,R values in the above Eq.

1 100
∴ω = −6
− = 441.58rad / sec
0.1× 50 × 10 2 × 0.12

Current flowing through the circuit at this frequency

V 50
I= =
R 2 + (ω L − ω C ) 2 100 + (441.58 × 0.1 −
1
)
441.58 × 50 × 10− 6
= 4.968 A

EC 303.65 to 66 9
• Therefore maximum voltage across the capacitor

1
VC max = I × X C = 4 .1 × −6
= 225.1volts
447.17 × 50 × 10

EC 303.65 to 66 10
4.In the circuit shown,the maximum current flows
through the circuit is 0.5ma.determine the
resonant frequency,the bandwidth,and the
quality factor ‘Q’ at resonance ?

• When maximum current flows through RLC series circuit ?

0.1 H

R
5v

5 µF

EC 303.65 to 66 11
Continued…

At resonant frequency maximum current

flows through the RLC series circuit

What is the impedance of RLC at resonant frequency ?

It is Z0 = R

EC 303.65 to 66 12
 Determination of ‘R’ value

Maximum current

V 5
I0    0.1mA
Z0 R

5
R 3
 50
0.110

 R  50

EC 303.65 to 66 13
• Determination of resonant frequency

• What is the expression for resonant frequency of series

RLC circuit ?

1
• It is f 0 =
2π LC
1
 f0   225 Hz
2 0.1 5  106

 resonant frequency f 0  225 Hz

and 0  2 f 0  2  225  14142rad / sec

EC 303.65 to 66 14
• Determination of quality factor ‘Q’

• What is the expression for quality factor ‘Q’ of series RLC

resonant circuit ?
ω0 L
• It is Q0 =
R
14142  0.1
 Quality factor Q0   28
50

 Q0  28

EC 303.65 to 66 15
• Determination of bandwidth

• What is the expression for bandwidth of a series RLC

resonant circuit ?

f0
• It is BW =
Q

225
⇒ BW = = 80.36 Hz
28

Therefore the bandwidth BW=80.36 Hz

EC 303.65 to 66 16
5.Determine the lower and upper half-power
frequencies, bandwidth and then quality
factor ‘Q’ of circuit shown in Fig 5.

• Maximum current I0 flows

through the circuit at resonant
0.1 H
frequency

R=10 Ω
v
• current falls to 0.707I0 at half

power frequencies f1 and f2 10 µF

FIG 5

• At resonant frequency
impedance Z0 = R EC 303.65 to 66 17
• So what is the impedance of circuit at half power
frequencies ?

• At half power frequencies

V I V Z0 V R V
Ih = = 0 = = =
Zh 2 2 2 2R

∴ Z h = 2R

• Therefore at half power frequencies

f1/f2 impedance of the circuit Zh= 2R

EC 303.65 to 66 18
DETERMINATION OF LOWER HALF POWER
FREQUENCY ‘f1’

• At lower half power frequency XC>XL

 impedance at lower half power frequency f1

2

1 
Z h1  R  
2
 2 f1 L   2 R
 2 f1C 
2
 1 
 R2    2 f1 L   2 R 2
 2 f1C 
1
  2 f1 L  R (1)
2 f1C

EC 303.65 to 66 19
On Solving equation(1) for f1

4L
R  R 2

f1  C
4 L

4  0.1
10  100  6
 10  10  151.39 Hz
4    0.1

 lower half power frequency f1  151.39 Hz

EC 303.65 to 66 20
DETERMINATION OF UPPER HALF POWER
FREQUENCY ‘ f2’

• At upper half power frequency XL>XC

 impedance at f 2
2
 1 
Zh2  R   2 f 2 L 
2
  2R
 2 f 2C 

2
 1 
 R 2   2 f 2 L    2 R 2

 2 f 2 C 

1
 2 f 2 L  R
2 f 2C
EC 303.65 to 66 21
On Solving equation(2) for f2

4L
R R  2

f2  C
4 L
4  0.1
10  100 
 10  106  167.11Hz
4    0.1

 upper half power frequency f 2  167.11Hz

EC 303.65 to 66 22
DETERMINATION OF RESONANT
FREQUENCY

1
resonant frequency f 0 =
2π LC
1
⇒ f0 = = 159.2 Hz
2π 0.1× 10 ×10 −6

Therefore the resonant frequency of the

circuit f0 = 159.2 Hz

EC 303.65 to 66 23
DETERMINATION OF QUALITY FACTOR ‘Q’

• What is the expression for bandwidth ?

• Bandwidth BW = f2-f1

• Therefore BW = 167.11- 151.39 = 15.72

• What is the expression for ‘Q’ in terms of f0 and BW ?

Q=f0/BW

Therefore quality factor Q=159.2/15.72=10.13

EC 303.65 to 66 24
6.For an RLC series circuit shown in fig. instantaneous
excitation v=70.7sin(600t) and current i=1.5sin(600t+

450) Find R and C values.Also find the frequency at

which the circuit is resonant

0.1 H

v R

EC 303.65 to 66 25
Continued…

• After studying the problem what is your comment on

phase introduced by the circuit

• At the given frequency a leading phase of 450 is

introduced by the circuit

∴ If v = 70.7∠00
then i = 1.5∠450

EC 303.65 to 66 26
The instantaneous impedance at given frequency

v 70.7
z   47.13  450

i 1.5450

 33.33  j 33.33

 z  R  jX  33.33  j 33.33 (1)

EC 303.65 to 66 27
On comparison of real and imaginary parts
in the above equation

R  33.33
X  X C  X L  33.33

X L   L  600  0.1  60

 X C  33.33  X L  33.33  60  93.33

1
 XC   93.33
C
1
C   17.85 F
600  93.33

EC 303.65 to 66 28
DTERMINATION OF RESONANT
FREQUENCY

1
resonant frequency f 0 =
2π LC

1
⇒ f0 = = 119.12 Hz
2π 0.1× 17.85 ×10 −6

Therefore the frequency at which the circuit

resonates =119.12 Hz

EC 303.65 to 66 29
7.Find the resonant frequency of the
parallel circuit shown in fig.

• Given data
v
20 µF 7Ω
R= 7 Ω
L= 1mH
C= 20µ F 1mH
Fig 7

• What is the expression for Resonant frequency ?

1 1 R2
f0 = − 2
2π LC L
EC 303.65 to 66 30
• On substitution of R,L, and C values in the above
equation

1 1 49
f0 = − −6 = 159 Hz
2π −3
10 × 20 × 10 −6
10

Resonant frequency = 159Hz

EC 303.65 to 66 31
8.Find the resonant frequency of an ideal
parallel tank circuit with L=50mH and
C=0.01µF ?

• Given data
L=50mH

C=0.01µF

What is the expression for resonant frequency ?

1
f 0
=
2π LC
EC 303.65 to 66 32
• On substitution of L and C values

1 1
f =
2π LC
=
0
2π 50 ×10 −3 ×0.01×10 −6

= 7117.6 Hz

Therefore resonant frequency = 7117.6Hz

EC 303.65 to 66 33
9.The circuit shown in fig. is under resonance at
frequency 500Hz. Q factor of L is 5.find the coil
resistance and capacitance values ?

• Given data
i
f0 = 500Hz
QL = 5 v
RL
C
L = 0.1H
L=0.1H
• What is the expression for Q
factor of a coil ? Fig 8
ω0 L
2πf 0 L
Q= =
R R
EC 303.65 to 66 34
• On substitution f0 and L values

2 f 0 L 2  500  0.1
R   62.83
Q 5

we know that
1
0 
LC

1 1
 C   0.101 F
L02 0.1  2  500  2

Therefore
R=62.83Ω and C ≈ 0.101µF
EC 303.65 to 66 35
it is resonant at frequency 5000 rad/ sec .xL=6

Ω RL=8Ω and RC=7Ω

• Given data
XL = 6Ω
RL=8Ω RC

RC=7Ω RL
ω0 = 5000 rad/sec
What will happen to susceptance of the circuit at
resonant frequency ?
It will become zero
EC 303.65 to 66 36
Find the susceptance of the circuit and equate it to zero
and then solve it for XC

admittance of R-L branch

1 8  j6 8  j6
YL   2 
8  j6 8  6 2
100

admittance of R-C branch

1 7  jX C
YC   2
7  jX C 7  X C2

EC 303.65 to 66 37
Total admittance of the circuit
8 6 7 XC
Y  YL  YC  j  2 j 2
100 100 7  X C
2
7  X C2

 8 7   XC 6 
  2 2 
 j 2  
 100 7  X C   7  X 2
C 100 

Real part is conductance and the imaginary part is known

as susceptance

EC 303.65 to 66 38
• Equate the susceptance part to zero to find XC

XC 6
 2  0
7  X C 100
2

XC 6
 2 
7  X C 100
2

 100 X C  6 X C2  294

 6 X  100 X C  294  0
2
C (1)

EC 303.65 to 66 39
On Solving equation (1)

6 X C2  100 X C  294  0
100  1002  4  6  294
XC   12.85
2 6
1
 XC   12.85
0C
1 1
C    15.56  F
0 12.85 5000 12.85

Therefore the value of C for resonance = 15.56µF

EC 303.65 to 66 40
11.Determine the value of RL for which the
parallel circuit shown in fig is resonant.given
RC=4Ω XC=5Ω and XL=10 Ω.
• Given data

RC=4Ω
XC=5Ω RC
RL
XL=10 Ω.
Fig 10

• Find the admittance of the circuit and then

equate the susceptance part to zero to find the
RL value
EC 303.65 to 66 41
FIND THE TOTAL ADMITTANCE

1 1 1 1
Y  YL  YC    
RL  jX L RC  jX C RL  j10 4  j 5

RL  j10 4  j 5  RL 4  5 10 
 2   2    j  2 
RL  100 41 R
 L  100 41   41 RL  100 

Total admittance of the circuitx

Real part is conductance and the imaginary part is known

as susceptance
EC 303.65 to 66 42
EQUATE THE SUSCEPTANCE TO ZERO

Equating imaginary part in the above eq. To zero

5 10
 2 0
41 RL  100

10 5
 2 
RL  100 41

 5 RL2  500  410

 RL2  18

 RL  j 18 (imaginary value)

EC 303.65 to 66 43
What is your comment on resistance value ?

• A resistor can not posses an imaginary value

• As you can not have a resistor with an

imaginary value we can conclude that no
value of RL can make the circuit resonant

EC 303.65 to 66 44
Summary

We have solved problems dealing with

• The resonant frequency,bandwidth,and Q-factor of series

resonant circuits.

• The resonant frequency Q-factor,and bandwidth of

different parallel resonant circuits

EC 303.65 to 66 45
QUIZ

EC 303.65 to 66 46
1.An RLC series circuit has fixed values of R L and

C values what should we do make the circuit

resonant ?

a. Increase input voltage

c. Decrease input voltage

e. Adjust the input frequency

g. None of the above

Ans : c
EC 303.65 to 66 47
2.Quality factor of coil depends upon ___

a. Its inductance

c. Coil resistance

e. Operating frequency

g. All the above

Ans : d

EC 303.65 to 66 48
3.Quality factor of a capacitor depends upon___

a. Capacitance value

c. Resistance value

e. Operating frequency

g. All the above

Ans : d

EC 303.65 to 66 49
4.which one of the following does not
effect the resonant frequency of the tank
circuit ?
a. R value

c. L value

e. Magnitude of input excitation

g. C value

Ans : c

EC 303.65 to 66 50
5. A fixed frequency series RLC circuit
introducing a leading phase. To make
that resonant we have to __
a. Reduce the capacitive reactance

c. Increase the inductive reactance

e. Either (a) or (b)

g. None of the above

Ans : c

EC 303.65 to 66 51
6. Input voltage to series RLC circuit under
resonance is v=Vmsin(5000t+300).its
current i=____
 (Vm/R )sin(5000t+30°)

 (Vm/R )sin(5000t+45°)

 Zero amps

 (Vm*R )sin(5000t+30°)

Ans : a
EC 303.65 to 66 52
7. Resonant frequency of a tank circuit is
150kHz and Q0=10.Bandwidth of tuned
circuit is___
a. 5 kHz

c. 10 kHz

e. 15 kHz

g. None of the above

Ans : c

EC 303.65 to 66 53
8. Current passing through a series
resonant circuit at f0 is 1A.current at
lower half power frequency=___
a. 0.5A

c. 0.707A

e. 1A

g. 0A

Ans : b

EC 303.65 to 66 54