INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES

September

Friday

30

2011

INDIGENOUS C OM M UNI T Y

They are ethnic groups who are native to a land or region, especially before the arrival and intrusion of a foreign and possibly dominating culture. They are a group of people whose members share a cultural identity that has been shaped by their geographical region. A variety of names are used in various countries to identify such groups of people, but they generally are regarded as the "original inhabitants" of a territory or region. Their right to selfdetermination may be materially affected by the later-arriving ethnic groups.

PHILIPPINES

PEOPLE IN THE

INDIGENOUS

- mountainous archipelago
- approx. 30 million hectares

- comprises of 7,100 Islands

- grouped into three regions: Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao

PHILIPPINES

PEOPLE IN THE

INDIGENOUS

They retained ways of life that reflect ageold environmental adaptations, emphasizing sustainability, coexistence, community consensus and collective effort.

Private ownership did not exist. The traditional leaders act as custodians.

The dominant money economy and oppresive practices against indigenous people have greatly affected them.

PHILIPPINES

PEOPLE IN THE

INDIGENOUS

Development aggression describes efforts to modernize indigenous peoples' ways of life, usually through large-scale industrial projects on indigenous lands. Rather than improving their lives, such projects often force people out of their homes and into remote areas with poor soil, destroying traditions that have sustained them for centuries.

V a r i o u s Indigenous G r o u p s

Cordillera
(Northern Luzon)
Tingguian Isneg Kalinga Bontoc Sagada Ifugao Ibaloi Kankanaey Itawes Malaweg Yogad Gaddang Isabela Isinay Bugkalot

Also known as IGOROTS

Cordillerano, or Cordilleran, refer to the assemblage of indigenous groups living in highlands, foothills, and river valleys of Cordillera Mountain Ranges. This term became more common after a perceived negative stigma in the term IGOROT, which had been incorrectly to backwardness and inferiority

Tingguian, Isneg, Northern Kalinga

Found in the watershed areas of the Abulag, Tineg, and Chico Rivers. These groups are largely swidden cultivators who depend on farming rice, root crops, and vegetables.

Bontoc, Sagada, Ifugao, and Sounthern Kalinga

They are found along the slopes of mount Data and nearby areas. They are mainly wet rice cultivators who grow their crops both on irrigated terraces and swidden fields.

Ibaloi and Kankanaey

They are found on the South region of the Cordillera Their economy is based on wet and dry agriculture

Itawes, Malaweg, Yogad, Gaddang and KalingaIsabela, Isinay, Bugkalot

They are found in the mountains, foothills, and low lands of Cagayan, Isabella, Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino.

They are in an advance state of assimilation into the national mainstream with substantial erosion of indigenous identity except language.

North, Central, and South Luzon

Alta Arta Agta Aete Ayta Atta Ita Ati Dumagat Sinauna

Also known as NEGRITO Negrito occupies the dominantly Tagalog and Bicol territories. Their economy have depended on swidden agriculture, huntinggathering, fishing, wage labor, and trade. They are mostly distinguished by their australoid, physical f e a t u r e s .

Alta, Arta, Agta

Once found in the Northern Part of Luzon then settled down to the eastern part, along Sierra Madre and Pacific Coast down to Bondoc and Bicol mountains.

Aete, Ayta, Atta, Ita, Ati, Dumagat and Sinauna

Settle in western and southern Luzon, with larger populations now found in the Zambales-Bataan mountains and Southern Tagalog foothills. Others settled in Palawan, Banay, Negos, Northern Mindanao

Visayas
MINDORO Northern Mangyan Tadyawan Alangan PALAWAN Cuyonin Agutaynen Tagbanwa

MANGYAN is the collective term for indigenous people of Mindoro. Clustered into Northern and Southern Mangyan.

Iraya
Buhid Taobuid Hananuo Bangon Ratagnon

Palawan
Molbog Batak Tauy Batu

Southern Mangyan

Northern & SoutheRn Mangyan

(Tadyawan,Alangan Iraya, Buhid, Taobuid Hananuo, Bangon, Ratagnon)

Mangyans of Mindoro practice swidden agriculture

They also practice hunting, fishing, gathering and trade A small group Called BANGON is considered branch of Taobuid Another small group, RATAGNON is related to the Cuyonin of Palawan.

Cuyonin, Agutaynen, Tagbanwa, Palawan, Molbog, Batak, Tauy Batu

The Cuyonin no longer consider themselves as indigenous group because they had been assimilated into the mainstream culture.

The Agutaynen, Tagbanwa, and Kagayanen are deemed already fully assimilated, although some indigenous ways of life remain.

Mindanao
MORO Maranaw Maguindanao LUMAD Manobo Bagobo

Tausug
Yakan Samal Sangil Iranun Kalibugan Kalagan

Blaan-TboliTiruray

The spread of Islam in Mindanao-Sulu created a differentiation among its native people between those who became Muslin, also called MORO and those who did not, known as LUMAD.

Indigenous people in Mindanao Mandayabasically subsists through swidden Mansaka and wet rice cultivation, hunting, fishing, gathering and trade in-locally Subanen manufactured items.
Mamanwa