Infection Control Lecture

 KFHU Healthcare
Infection Control 2004

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 The Infection Control
Team
 Infection Control Committee
Chairman: Dr. Huda Bukhari
 Infection Control Associate
Director: Mrs. Basmah Al Marzooq
 Infection Control Nurse:
Mrs. Juanita S. Changco

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 How Else Can HCWs Reduce
Risks to Patients?

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http://ottawa.ca/city_services/yourhealth/chronicdisease/influenza_en.shtml
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 DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Antiseptic – A chemical germicide formulated for use on living
tissue.
 Disinfectant – A chemical germicide formulated for use on non-
living items.
 Sterile – Completely free of all micro-organisms.
 Cleaning – Removal of foreign material from an item. This
usually involves friction and washing with a detergent or
disinfectant to remove contamination, followed by rinsing and
thorough drying.
 Sterilization – A procedure that kills all bacteria (including large
numbers of endospores), fungi and viruses. Operationally,
sterilization is a process that results in a probability of a
microorganism surviving on an item of less than 1 in 1 million
(1x10-6).
 Decontamination – A process that renders a contaminated item
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to handle (reasonably free from the likelihood of 13
 CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTISEPTIC
AGENTS

Group Gram- Gram- Myco- Speed of Inactiv-

and positive negativ bacterium Fungi Virus killing ated by Comments
subgroup bacteria e tuberculosi sensitive mucus
bacteri s bacteria or
a protein
Alcohols Excellent Excellent Excellent Excelle Excelle Fast Moderat Optimum strength 70% to 90%
nt nt e with added emolients
(glycerine or cetyl alcohol is
less drying), not recommended
for physical cleaning of skin;
good for hand antisepsis and
for surgical site preparation.
Optimum concentration 60%-
95%; no persistent activity
Chlorhexidine Excellent Good Fair Fair Excelle Interme- Minimal Has persistent effect; good for
2% and 4% nt diate both hand washing and
aqueous surgical site or preoperative
patietn skin preparation; do
not use near mucous
membranes; toxic effects on
ears and eyes reported;
activity neutralized by
noniomic surfactants.
Persistent activity; rare allergic
reactions
Note: +++ Excellent; ++ Good but nodes not include the entire spectrum; + Fair; - no activity or not sufficient. Hexachlorophene is not
included because it is no longer an accepted ingredient of hand disinfectants. * Activity improved by addition of chelating agent such as EDTA.
Some of these agents, such as iodine or chlorhexidine are combined with alcohol to form tinctures and are available in the combined
formulation.

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTISEPTIC AGENTS
(cont’d)

Group Gram- Gram- Myco- Speed of Inactiv-

and positive negativ bacterium Fungi Virus killing ated by Comments
subgroup bacteria e tuberculosi sensitive mucus
bacteri s bacteria or
a protein
Hexachloro- Good Poor Poor Poor Poor Slow Minimal Provides persistent,
Phene 3% cumulative activity after
aqueous repeated use (washing with
alcohol reduces persistent
action), can be toxic when
absorbed from skin especially
in premature infants; good for
hand washing but not for
surgical site preparation;
limited spectrum of
Iodine Excellent Excellent Excellent Good Excelle Inter- Marked Causes skin”burns,”
antimicrobial activity.but this is
compounds, nt mediate unusual with 1% tincture,
iodine in especially if it is removed after
alcohol several minutes; too irritating
for hand washing but excellent
for surgical site preparation.`
Iodophors Excellent Excellent Fair Good Good Inter- Moderat Less irritating to the skin than
mediate e iodine; good for both hand
washing and surgical site
preparation; rapidly
neutralized in presence of
organic materials such as
blood or sputum

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTISEPTIC AGENTS
(cont’d)

Group Gram- Gram- Myco- Speed of Inactiv-

and positive negativ bacterium Fungi Virus killing ated by Comments
subgroup bacteria e tuberculosi sensitive mucus
bacteri s bacteria or
a protein
Para-chloro- Good Fair* Fair Fair Fair Inter- Minimal Activity neutralized by
meta-xylenol mediate nonionic surfactants.
(PCMX)
Phenol Excellent Fair Fair Fair Fair Inter- ِActivity neutralized by
derivatives mediate nonionic surfactants

Triclosan Excellent Good Fair - Excelle Inter- Minimal Acceptability on hands varies
nt mediate
Quaternary Fair Good - - Fair Slow Used only in combination with
ammonium alcohols; ecologic concerns
compounts

Note: Excellent; Good but nodes not include the entire spectrum; Fair; - no activity or not sufficient. Hexachlorophene is not included because it
is no longer an accepted ingredient of hand disinfectants. * Activity improved by addition of chelating agent such as EDTA. Some of these
agents, such as iodine or chlorhexidine are combined with alcohol to form tinctures and are available in the combined formulation.

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 Any Questions???
 Thank you for not asking!!!

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