DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name :M.Subramanyam
Designation :Senior Lecturer
Branch :Computer Engg.
Institute :Q.Q.Govt.Polytechnic,Hyderabad.
Year/Semester :III Semester
Subject :UNIX & C
Subject Code :CM-304
Topic :Preprocessor directives
Duration :50 Min
Sub Topic :Header files and Conditional
Directives
Teaching Aids :PPTs, Animations
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 Recap

 What is a preprocessor?
 What are the different types of preprocessor
directives?

 What is a macro?
 What are the advantages of macros?

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 Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able

to know …

 Header files.
 Defining Conditional compilation directives.

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 Header Files (#include)

Header files contain the following information

 Macros
 Constants
 Function prototypes
 Structure definitions

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 Header Files (#include)
Contd..
 The #include directive loads specified file
content in the current program.
 The macros and functions of loaded file can be
called in the current program.
 The included file is also compiled with current
program.
 Types of header files
1. predefined
2. user defined
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 Predefined header files
 Come with the compiler.
 Including a predefined header file in a program.
Syntax:
 1)#include<filename>
 2)#include”filename”
 < > means Preprocessor will search for the
file only in the standard directory.
 When the filename is included within “ “
means preprocessor will search for the file in
the current working directory and in the
standard directory.
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 Predefined header files

Example

 #include<stdio.h>

 #include<conio.h>

 #include<math.h>

 #include<string.h>

 #include<ctype.h>
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 User defined header file

 Created by the user using any editor.

 Including a user defined header file in a program.
 Syntax:
1)#include<filename>

2)#include”filename”

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Example1

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Example2

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 Conditional compilation directives

 1)#ifdef
Syntax: #ifdef IDENTIFIER
{
statement1;
statement2;
--------------;
--------------;
}
#endif

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 Conditional compilation directives
Contd..

 The #ifdef tests whether the IDENTIFIER is

defined or not.

 If the IDENTIFIER is defined then the

statements within { } are compiled and executed.

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Example

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 #ifdef…#else…#endif

Syntax
#ifdef IDENTIFIER
{
Statement(s);
}
#else
{
Statement(s)
}
#endif

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 #ifdef…#else…#endif
Contd..

 If IDENTIFIER is defined then if block is

compiled and executed, else block is ignored.

 If IDENTIFIER is not defined then else block is

compiled and executed, if block is ignored.

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Example1

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Example2

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 #ifndef
Syntax:
#ifndef IDENTIFIER
{
statement(s)
}
#endif
If IDENTIFIER is not defined then statement(s)
is/are compiled and executed.

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Example

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 Summary

In this class, you have learnt about …

 Header files contain static information.
 Usage of predefined header files.
 We can define our own header files.
 Conditional directives like #ifdef, #ifdef…#else--
#endif, #ifndef…#endif.

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 Quiz

1)sqrt() is predefined in _______Header file

a)conio.h

b)string.h

c)math.h

d)stdio.h

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 Quiz

1)sqrt() is predefined in _______Header file

a)conio.h

b)string.h

c)math.h

d)stdio.h

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 Quiz

2)String handiling functions are predefined in

______ header file

a)stdio.h

b)ctype.h

c)process.h

d)string.h
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 Quiz

2)String handiling functions are predefined in

______ header file

a)stdio.h

b)ctype.h

c)process.h

d)string.h
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 Quiz

3)Which of the following are conditional

compilation directives

a) #ifdef

b) #ifndef

c) #else

d) All the above

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 Quiz

3)Which of the following are conditional

compilation directives

a) #ifdef

b) #ifndef

c) #else

d) All the above

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Explain the #include directive with an example.

2. Explain the #if directive with an example.

3. Explain the #ifndef directive with an example.

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