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Digestion
Timothy G. Standish, Ph. D.
● The EcoRI cutting site:
– 5'GAATTC3'
– 3'CTTAAG5'
● The HindIII cutting site:
– 5'AAGCTT3'
– 3'TTCGAA5' ©2000 Timothy G. Standish
Uses of Restriction
Endonucleases
● Because restriction endonucleases cut specific
sequences they can be used to make “DNA
fingerprints” of different samples of DNA. As
long as the cutting site changes on the DNA or
the distance between cutting sites changes,
fragments of different sizes will be made.
● Because Type II restriction endonucleases cut
only at palindromes, they leave “sticky ends” that
will base pair with any other fragment of DNA
cut with the same enzyme. This is useful in
cloning. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish
R. E.s and DNA Ligase
Can be used to make recombinant DNA
EcoRI
EcoRI GAATTC
GAATTC
CTTAAG
CTTAAG
1 Digestion AATTC
G
G
CTTAA 2 Annealing of sticky ends
Ligase
G AATTC
CTTAA G
4 Recombinant DNA
3 Ligation G AATTC
CTTAA G
©2000 Timothy G. Standish
Gel Electrophoresis
● Separates DNA (or RNA or Protein) fragments on the
basis of charge and size
● Because DNA is an acid, it looses protons in basic
buffers, thus it has a negative charge that should be
uniform per unit length
● Agarose (a polysaccharide) or other gel matrices are
difficult for large DNA fragments to move through
● The larger the fragment, the more difficulty it has
moving through gels
● By placing DNA in a gel, then applying a voltage
accross the gel, the negatively charged DNA will move
toward the positive pole
● Large fragments lag behind while small fragments move
throght the gel relatively rapidly ©2000 Timothy G. Standish
Gel Electrophoresis
Wells
Wells
Direction
of
DNA
Travel
Small