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Tooth development
Te development of teeth
Bharath.k.p.
CONTENTS
STAGES OF 2] TOOTH DEVP EMBRYOLOGICAL 1] BASIS
3] TOOTH INITIATION
4] DENTINO GENESIS
5] AMELOGENESIS
Connective tissue cells underlying ectoderm are ectomesenchyme in origin, induce tooth devp
Ruptures at 27th day of gestation
th 7
week
Dental lamina
vestibular lamina
Dental lamina
Here mitotic index, labeling index & growth of epi cells are lower than corresponding indices in the underlying
mesnchyme
Phase 1: Initiation of entire deciduous dentition (8th wk). Phase 2:Initiation successors of deciduous dentition. (5thmt to 10th mt) Phase 3:Initiation of permanent molars
Tooth bud
Enamel organ in this stage appears as a simple, spherical to ovoid epi condensation
Poorly morphodifferentiated and histodifferentiated. Cells undergo mitosis & condense Enamel organ , surrounded by mesenchyme
Cap Stage
13th week
Tooth germs
Dental lamina
Dental lamina breaks down and enamel organ Looses connection with oral epithelium Shows 4 distinct layers: EEE Satellite reticulum Stratum intermedium IEE
Stellate reticulum
Role of stellate reticulum
mechanical
nutritive
Protects tissue
Stratum intermedium
Two to three layers of flattened cells. First appears in this stage.
Function; Synthesis of proteins. Transport of materials to & from the IEE.
Cells exert an
organising influence on the underlying mesenchymal cells in the DP that later diff
into odontoblasts
17th week
DL begin to degenerate
With the change in polarity, cell called an ameloblast that begins secretion of enamel matrix
odontoblasts outlines
future DEJ
TRANSITORY STRUCTURES
Enamel knot
Enamel cord Enamel niche
Produce molecules associated with signaling Enamel knot cells do not proliferate
Reffered as enanel septum when divides st.reticulum into two parts Role; Involved in the process by which the cap stage is transformed into bell stage;
Enamel niche
Seen where tooth germ appear to have a double attachment to dental lamina
MORPHOLOGICAL STAGES
Dental lamina. Bud stage. Cap stage: Bell Stage: early. advanced.
Physiological
process
Requires ectomesenc
INITIATION: DENTAL
hymal
epithelial interaction
6TH to 7th wk Natal teeth: accessory I.U bud of dental lamina Anodontia: tooth germs
Physiological process
PROLIFERATION
Anatomical stage
Clinical significance
Bud - 8th wk Cap - 8-14th wk Proliferative activity Early bell ensues at the points 14th wk of initiation & results in bud, cap & bell stages
Dense evaginatus:
due to proliferation of an area of IEE & mesenchyme into dental organ
process
stage
Hutchinsons
Mulberry
Morphodifferentiati Cap-8 -14th wk on: Bell stage 14th Basic form &
relative size of tooth estbld wk onwards
incisors
molars
Macro/microdontia Dens
in dente
Hutchinsons incisors
Microdontia
Dens in dente
Gemination
Fusion
Taurodontism
Clinical significance
Enamel AI DI Shell
hypoplasia
teeth of
Pigmentation
Enamel hypoplasia
DI
Pigmentation
Odontodysplasia
1.
Epi & mesenchymal components dissected out & separated at early bell
stage Recombined for tissue culture with a porous membrane b/w Absence of differentiation (pore size <0.2m)
Third hypotheses: Evidence indicating the extracellular matrix in the inductive process
i.
Questions to be answered
1.
Culturing of dental
papilla mesenchyme with epithelium from developing footpad.
Resulted in normal devp Hence DP is the principal organizer in terms of both morpho &
histogenesis
2] Determinant of shape
Genes expressed during tooth development Lef lymphoid enhancer- binding factor (TF)
Vitamin A metabolites
DENTINOGENESIS
Definition :
Composition of dentin:
70% 20%
10%
Water.
Root Dentin forms later which requires proliferation of epithelial cells at cervical loop.
Differentiation of Odontoblast
nucleus and organells Immediately after IEE cells change polarity ectomesenchymal cells adjacent to acellular zone enlarge . Various Signaling molecules, growt factors in the cells of IEE
Types of dentin
primary
secondary
Tertiary
mantle
Circumpulpal
Predentin
actively
transport Ca ions to mineralzn site Serum Ca is taken up by odontoblast & accumulates in distal
Pattern of mineralization
Globular calcification
Components of Dentin
Deposition of tubular dentin beginsjust after formation of mantle dentin is complte. Matrix is synthesized in cell body of odontoblasts and transported through odontolasts and liberatd lateraly into tubules..
throughout life. Age related.. at a much slower pac less mineralized formed in the same way as primary dentin
Secondary dentin
Tertiary dentin:
Deposited at specific sites in response to injury by damagad cells or recruited cells. Reactionary Reparative
Sclerotic dentin
Sclerotic dentin describes the dentinal tubules that have occluded with calcified material.
cl.sig. sclerotic dentin may serve to confine caries to the dej.
Clinical significance
Dentinogenesis imperfecta.
DSPP
mutation.
Dentin dysplasia.
DSPP
missense
mutation.
Tetracycline Stain.
GOOD MORNING
AMELOGENESIS
Definition: Sequence of events which ultimately result in the formation of mature enamel.
STAGES OF AMELOGENESIS
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Presecretory
Secretory
Transition
Maturation
Postmaturation
Amelogenesis
1] PRESECRETORY
Diff of pre ameloblasts Formn & resorption of basal lamina Epithelial mesenchymal interactions Pre ameloblasts synthesize & secrete proteins
Amelogenesis
Carried by vesicles to GA
Amelogenesis
Marked aggregation of
hydroxyapatite crystals
appear represent the
Amelogenesis
3] TRANSITION STAGE
Ameloblasts shorten,
50% die
Protein :
90% --amelogenin 10% -- enamelin &
Amelogenesis
4] MATURATION STAGE
Removal of
Organic matrix
also removed
Tomes process
Lost
Cell modulation
Mineralization of Enamel
Ameloblasts become
flattened Enamel cuticle, amorphous layer of protein separates the
Applied aspect
Amelogenesis imperfecta.
ENVIRONMENTAL:
Porphyria
Erythroblastosis fetalis.
At bud stage,
mesenchymal cells
becomes evident around developing
enamel organ
dental pulp
As dentinogenesis begins, the dental papila becomes surrounded by dentin, it is then termed dental pulp
as
Development of Root
Initiated through the contributions of the cells: Enamel organ
Dental papila
Root pulp
Dental sac
Cementum PL Alveolar bone
Root dentin
Development of root
dentin
Accessory root canals: Small lat canal connecting the PL with the main RC cl.sig. acessary canals spread infection from one site to other.
Enamel pearls:
Dilaceration: If root sheath becomes dislocated after partial root mineralization, remaining portion becomes bent/ twisted
this continues untill pdl fiber bundles become stitched to fbrous stringe
cementoblasts
Cellular cementum
Deposited around apical 3rd of root & interradicular regions of premolar & molar teeth
This becomes mineralized due to cementoblasts budding off matrix vesicles in which apatite crystallites appear
Hyper cementosis
Increased cementum formn Seen in pagets disease h/o chronic periapical inflmn progressive root elongation
Pdl originates from dental sac. . Three different cell zones can be recognized
Inner cell
Central cells
cementoblast
fibroblasts
PL is in a cont state of
remodeling
Achieved by fibroblasts
Alveolar bone
by cells from DF
Vitamin A deficiency
Hypovitaminosis A: metaplasia of enamel organ defective enamel & dentin formn Dentin: Excessive osteodentin
enamel matrix
Vitamin C deficiency
Def during dentinogenesis: Dentinal tubules become irregular, reduced in no
Vascular inclusions
Odontoblasts become spindle shaped.
Vitamin D deficiency
Abnormally wide non mineralised zone of predentin & interglobular spaces in dentin
Enamel hypoplasia & hypomineralization Hypomineralization of cementum
Parathyroid hormone
Excess PTH
Mobilzn of Ca from skeleton into blood Ca excreted in urine, feces, Bone density Decreased PTH
levels of blood Ca
Mobilzn of Ca from bone thickness of lamina dura & density of bony trabeculae
Tetracycline
Amount of damage is
directly related to the magnitude & duration of dosage
Tetracycline staining
Fluoride
Na F in conc of 5ppm causes mottled enamel, that may or may not be mineralized
Rods follow irregular course Hypomineralized dentin with interglobular spaces
Conclusion .
www.dentistpro.org to find more
REFERENCES
P.R. GRANT.
ORAL ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 3RD ed BERKOVITZ ORAL HISTOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 5TH ed . TENKATE. A. R. ORBANS ORAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBROLOGY 11TH ed. BHASKAR.S.N. ESSENTIALS OF ORAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2ND ed JAMES.K.AVERY. COLOUR ATLAS OF ORAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. BERKOVITZ.