GENERAL PACKET RADIO

SERVICE
(GPRS)
Ma[or 1oplcs
C8S Cvervlew
C8S ArchlLecLure lLs componenLs
lnLerfaces and channels
lrame sLrucLure
C8S procedures
GkS |s a packet data serv|ce
lnLroduced as packeL overlayneLwork wlLhln Lhe CSM LMn
uaLa ls packeLlzed and LransmlLLed over C8S radlo channels
8adlo channels are shared beLween mulLlple Moblle SLaLlons
(MS)
8adlo channels can be used elLher by S or CS servlces
efflclenL usage of spare radlo capaclLy
Ovetvlew
1hls ls packeL based
1 8 LlmesloLs are comblned
4 new codlng schemes (96kbps Lo 214 kbps)
1heoreLlcal maxlmum speed of 1712kps can be achleved
no SMS lengLh resLrlcLlons
Charglng based on amounL of daLa Lransfer
ulrecL l connecLlvlLy
8esources are efflclenLly managed
lorms Lhe basls for uM1S
key feaLures of C8S
TACS GSM 900 DCS 1800
UpIink 90 - 905 MHz 890 - 915 MHz 1710 - 1785 MHz
DownIink 935 - 950 MHz 935 - 960 MHz 1805 - 1880 MHz
DupIex Distance 45 MHz 45 MHz 95 MHz
Carrier Separation 25 kHz 200 kHz 200 kHz
Number of ChanneIs 15 Mhz / 25 kHz = 600 25 MHz / 200 kHz = 124 75 MHz / 200 kHz = 374
ChanneIs defined in Switch 1, 2, ..599, 600 1, 2, ..123, 124 512 , 513 ..884, 885
Access Method FDMA TDMA TDMA
CCMA8lSCn
Al uP
ClrculLSwlLched or ackeLSwlLched?
ClrculL mode
ackeL mode
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
uP
uP
Al uP
uP
Al
Al
Al
A
8
C
u
L
l
C
P
Cl8Cul1 SWl1CPlnC vs ACkL1 SWl1CPlnC
Cl8Cul1 SWl1CPlnC ACkL1 SWl1CPlnC
Channel
AllocaLlon
user
pays for
lor
8ursLy Lrafflcs
lor enLlre call perlod
one user uses compleLe
Lrafflc channel
Cnly lf needed
several users share Lhe
one Lrafflc channel
uuraLlon of call
AmounL of daLa
LransmlLLed
lnefflclenL efflclenL
Ovetvlew
GPRS Architecture
S
S
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BSC
SC
SC
VLR
VLR
GSC
HLR
PSTN
EIR
Um
Abis
Abis
A
A
OC Server
Um
Already Existing GS Network
8equlres new neLwork elemenLs llke SCSn and CCSn
Lo lnLegraLe C8S ln CSM neLwork
Changes are requlred Lo mosL exlsLlng CSM neLwork
elemenLs lncludlng
81S 8SC MSC (vL8 and PL8) and CMC
Changes to GS network
System Architecture System Architecture
BTS BTS
Abis
BSC BSC
Um Um
SC/VLR SC/VLR
Ater / A
GSC GSC
HLR AUC EIR
PSTN
Abis
BTS BTS
Abis
BSC BSC PCUSN PCUSN
Agprs Gb
SGSN SGSN
Gn
GGSN GGSN PDN
PACKET CONTROL UNIT SN PACKET CONTROL UNIT SN
handles all Radio Resource
(RR) functions
sub-MUXes different logical
channels to same physical
channel
supports data transfer
management (Sliding window)
SERVING GPRS SUPPORT NODE SERVING GPRS SUPPORT NODE
Maintains logical connection with
MS (LLC)
Mobility Management
Authentication & Ciphering
Paging functions for GPRS
Supports GTP/P for
communication with GGSN
GATEWAY GPRS SUPPORT GATEWAY GPRS SUPPORT
NODE NODE
Gateway between GPRS n/w
and external Packet Data N/w
Routing info detailing SGSN
Area for each MS
Mapping between PDP
Address -- MS
contains a Software
Upgrade called
CHANNEL CODEC UNIT CHANNEL CODEC UNIT
(CCU) (CCU)
CCU caters to the 4
GPRS Coding Schemes
(CS 1-4).
Gs
Gr
Gc
JOICE CALLS ' JOICE CALLS '
DATA SESSIONS ' DATA SESSIONS '
Signaling
Signaling Data
transIer
E
GPRS ARCHITECTURE
GkS NL1WCkk IN1LkIACLS
% Cb SCSn Lo 8SS
% Cn beLween CSns (C1)
% Cr beLween SCSn and PL8 (MA)
% Cs SCSn Lo MSC (8SSA+)
% Cl CCSn Lo exLernal daLa neLworks
% Cf SCSn and Lhe Ll8 (MA)
% Cd SCSn and Lhe CMSC (SMSC)
% Cp beLween CSns of dlfferenL LMns
% Ca beLween xCSn and CC
% Cc CCSn Lo PL8
SCSn
O Slmllar Lo MSC/vL8
O ConLrols Lhe connecLlon beLween Lhe neLwork and Lhe MS
O SCSn performs on Lhe ConLrol lane
O MoblllLy ManagemenL
O AuLhenLlcaLlon
O Sesslon ManagemenL
O MS SLaLe ConLrol
O Cn Lhe user plane
O uaLa packeL rouLlng
O LncrypLlon
O Compresslon
O SCSn provldes C8S MoblllLy ManagemenL funcLlons such as
handovers and paglng
O ueLecLs and records C8S MS ln lLs servlce area
O Sends/recelves daLa packeLs Lo/from MS
CCSn
Slmllar Lo CMSC and provldes a gaLeway beLween Lhe C8S
neLwork and Lhe publlc packeL daLa neLwork or oLher C8S
neLworks
lorwards daLa packeLs beLween un and CSM LMn
lL counLs Lhe number of packeLs LransmlLLed for accuraLe
subscrlber bllllng
SCSn and CCSns collecL charglng sLaLlsLlcs used as a basls for
bllllng
CuSn
< ConverLlng packeL daLa lnLo a formaL LhaL can be Lransferred
over Lhe alr lnLerface
< Managlng 8adlo 8esources C8S 1S allocaLlon
< 8LCMAC blocks allocaLlon
< llow conLrol and buffer managemenL beLween Lhe Lwo
lnLerfaces
< lmplemenLlng CCS measuremenLs
SGSN Functionality
DNS
SGSN
HLR
PCUSN
GGSN
Routing
Resolution
obility
anagement
Ciphering &
Compression
Frame
Relay
GTP Tunneling
DHCP
GGSN
Charging Gateway
SGSN
INTERNET
IP Address
anagement
Billing
Records
GTP Tunneling
VPNTunneling
GGSN Functionality
C8S lnLroduces a new neLwork area 8A
8A can conslsLs of one or more cells
8A ls always served by only one SCSn
Cne SCSn can serve more Lhan one 8A
1 cell 8A LA

RA 1 RA 2
SGSN 2
SGSN 1
8A
8A
8A
LA
Routing Area
ldenLlLles
Subscrlber ls ldenLlfled by lMSlMSlSun1MSlMS8n
Moblle LqulpmenL ls ldenLlfled by lMLl
lMSlMSlSun and MS8n are sLored ln PL8
MS8n lMSl 1MSl MSlSun and LAl are sLored ln vL8
1he lMSl 8Anu S8LS kl kc are sLored ln AuC
lMLl ls sLored ln Ll8
1LLl (1emporary Loglcal Llnk ldenLlLy) ls used Lo ldenLlfy a
C8S subscrlber lnsLead of 1MSl
1LLl ls a local number and has a meanlng only ln a glven 8A
1he 1LLl musL be accompanled by 8ouLlng Area ldenLlLy Lo
avold amblgulLles
SCSn keeps daLabase of relaLlon beLween 1LLls and lMSls
When 1LLl and 8Al do noL correspond Lo Lhe currenL SCSn
Lhe lMSl of Lhe MS ls requesLed from SCSn
CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison
C8S and CSM
LCClCAL CPAnnLLS
1ACS CSM 900/uCS 1800
8roadcasL
Channels
1) lCCP
2) SCP
) 8CCP
Common ConLrol
Channels
1) CP
2) 8ACP
) ACCP
uedlcaLed ConLrol
Channels
1) SuCCP
2) SACCP
) lACCP
1CP
C8CP
LCClCAL CPAnnLLS
lull raLe used for speech aL 1 kblLs/s
or sendlng daLa aL 96 kblLs/s
Palf raLe used for speech aL 63 kblLs/s
or sendlng daLa aL 48 kblLs/s
1CP 18AlllC CPAnnLL
lCCP l8LCuLnC? CC88LC1lCn CPAnnLL
1o Lell Lhe Moblle LhaL Lhls ls Lhe 8CCP carrler
1o able Lhe Moblle Lo synchronlze Lo Lhe frequency
(uownllnk only)
SCP S?nCP8CnlSA1lCn CPAnnLL
used for sendlng 8SlC (8ase sLaLlon ldenLlLy Code)
Clve 1uMA frame number Lo Lhe Moblle
(uownllnk only)
8CCP 88CAuCAS1 CCn18CL CPAnnLL
used for sendlng lnformaLlon Lo Lhe moblle llke
CCl (Cell Clobal ldenLlLy) LAl (LocaLlon Area ldenLlLy)
8CCP carrlers of Lhe nelghborlng cells
maxlmum ouLpuL power allowed ln Lhe cell and oLher
broadcasL messages llke barred cell (uownllnk only)
88CAuCAS1 CPAnnLLS
CP AClnC CPAnnLL
used for paglng Lhe Moblle (uownllnk only)
8eason could be an lncomlng call or an lncomlng ShorL Message
8ACP 8AnuCM ACCLSS CPAnnLL
used for respondlng Lo Lhe paglng (LermlnaLlng) LocaLlon updaLlng
or Lo make call access (orlglnaLlng) by asklng for a slgnallng channel
(upllnk only)
ACCP ACCLSS C8An1 CPAnnLL
used Lo allocaLe SuCCP Lo Lhe moblle
(uownllnk only)
CCMMCn CCn18CL CPAnnLLS
SuCCP S1Anu ALCnL uLulCA1Lu CCn18CL CPAnnLL
used for allocaLlng volce channel (1CP) Lo Lhe moblle (call seLup) and
LocaLlon updaLlng
Send ShorL 1exL message Lo ldle Moblle
(upllnk uownllnk)
SACCP SLCW ASSCClA1Lu CCn18CL CPAnnLL
used for sendlng lnformaLlon Lo Lhe moblle llke
CCl (Cell Clobal ldenLlLy) LAl (LocaLlon Area ldenLlLy)
8CCP of all Lhe nelghbors and 1A (1lmlng Advance)
Send ShorL 1exL message Lo 8usy Moblle
(uownllnk
used for sendlng slgnal sLrengLh blL error raLe measuremenL of Lhe
servlng cell and slgnal sLrengLh of Lhe 8CCPs of Lhe nelghborlng cells
(upllnk)
lACCP lAS1 ASSCClA1Lu CCn18CL CPAnnLL
used for handover (upllnk uownllnk)
uLulCA1Lu CCn18CL CPAnnLLS
CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison
LCClCAL CPAnnLL
CSM
lCCP
lrequency CorrecLlon Channel
SCP
SynchronlzaLlon Channel
8CCP
8roadcasL ConLrol Channel
C8S
8CCP
ackeL 8roadcasL ConLrol Channel
8roadcasLs packeL daLa speclflc
SysLem lnformaLlon messages
MS conLlnuously monlLors Lhls
CSM 8CCP can also be used
CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison
CSM
CP
aglng Channel
8ACP
8andom Access
Channel
ACCP
Access CranL
Channel
LCClCAL CPAnnLL
C8S
CP (ackeL aglng Channel)
Can be used for paglng boLh CS S servlces
CSM CP can also be used
8ACP (ackeL 8andom Access Channel)
used for upllnk channel reservaLlon Lo obLaln
1A CSM 8ACP can also be used
ACCP (ackeL Access CranL Channel)
used for resource asslgnmenL durlng packeL
Lransfer esLabllshmenL phase
CSM ACCP can also be used
nCP (ackeL noLlflcaLlon Channel)
uownllnk only channel used for 1MM
noLlflcaLlons
Lo a group of MS before 1MM packeL Lransfer
Cnly ln C8S hase 2
CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison
CSM
SuCCP
SLand alone dedlcaLed CCP
SACCP
Slow AccoclaLed ConLrol
Channel
lACCP
lasL AssoclaLed ConLrol Channel
1CP
Ll8/l8/P8 1rafflc Channel
C8S
ACCP (ackeL AssoclaLed ConLrol Channel)
8ldlrecLlonal dedlcaLed channel for
Lransferrlng ack/power conLrol or resource
asslgnmenL/re asslgnmenL messages
u1CP (ackeL uaLa 1rafflc Channel)
8ldlrecLlonal Corresponds Lo Lhe resource
allocaLed Lo a slngle MS on one physlcal channel
for user
daLa Lransmlsslon
1CCP
ackeL Llmlng advance ConLrol Channel
upllnk dedlcaLed (for Lransmlsslon of
random access bursLs)
uownllnk common (for Lransmlsslon of
Llmlng advance lnformaLlon Lo several MSs)
LCClCAL CPAnnLL
CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison
CSN LOC!CAL CHANNELS USED !N CPRS
lCCP (lrequency CorrecLlon Channel)
lnlLlal synchronlzaLlon wlLh rough frequency and Llmlng
SCP (SynchronlzaLlon Channel)
neLwork lu Cell lu (8SlC) and lrame number
8CCP (8roadcasL ConLrol Channel)
SysLem lnformaLlon arameLers and nelghborlng Cell llsL
lndlcaLes wheLher or noL Lhe ackeL SwlLched 1rafflc ls supporLed
( and lf yes Lhe locaLlon of Lhe 8CCP)
CP (aglng Channel)
M1 ackeL 1ransfer and SMS noLlflcaLlon
8ACP (8andom Access Channel)
MC ackeL 1ransfer and SMS
LocaLlon updaLe and 8ouLlng Area updaLe
Cell updaLe generaLed by MS
CSM mulLlple access
Session: 5 Prof. Sridhar yer 5.31
1S 0 1S 1 1S 2 1S 1S 4 1S 3 1S 6 1S 7
200 kPz
4613 ms
0377 ms
lCCP
SCP
8CCP
CP
8ACP
ACCP
SuCCP
SACCP
C8CP
1CP
SACCP
lACCP
1CP
SACCP
lACCP
1CP
SACCP
lACCP
1CP
SACCP
lACCP
1CP
SACCP
lACCP
1CP
SACCP
lACCP
1 1uMA l8AML
Channel sharlng
81S
8CCP C8S C8S C8S C8S C8S C8S C8S
MAx
user raLe aL
CS2 98 kbps
81S
8CCP C8S
1CP 1CP 1CP 1CP 1CP
user raLe aL
CS2 14 kbps
1CP
uynamlc allocaLlon of channels beLween clrculL and packeL
C8S lrame
SLrucLure
C8S lrame
SLrucLure
Air nterface - 52 Frame Multiframe
C8S lnLroduces a new 32 lrame MulLlframe sLrucLure Lermed a ackeL
uaLa Channel (uCP)
uCP refers Lo Lhe physlcal channel onLo whlch ls mapped Lhe Loglcal
Channels of 8CCP CCCP u1CP and ACCP
1welve 8adlo 8locks plus 4 ldle sloLs per MulLlframe
Lach 8adlo 8lock conslsLs of 4 Alr lnLerface bursLs
Lach 8ursL can be a normal bursL or a 8ACP bursL
Cne ldle sloL for every 8adlo blocks
AlLernaLe ldle sloLs are used for ConLlnuous updaLe 1lmlng Advance and
lnLerference ower measuremenL
80 81 82 8J 85 84 86 88 87 89 811 810 x
52 1uMA ltomes
8adlo 8locks ldle SloLs
x x x
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 (Frame 0) TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7
Radio Block 0
PTCCH
Radio Block 3
Radio Block 4
Radio Block 5
PTCCH
Radio Block 9
Radio Block 10
Radio Block 11
Radio Block 1
Radio Block 2
DLE
Radio Block 6
Radio Block 7
Radio Block 8
DLE TS 3 (Frame 51)
1uMA lrame
1 8adlo 8lock
4 lrames
436 lnfo blLs
uCP mulLlframe
32 1uMA lrames
GPRS AIR INTERFACE
B0 B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5 X B6 B7 B8 T B9 B10 B11 X
TDMA frames
normaI
burst
01 3 4 6 7 01 3 4 6 7 01 3 4 6 7 01 3 4 6 7
Radio BIock
114 bits
46 bits
GPRS AIR INTERFACE
C8S P?SlCAL CPAnnLL
< 1he C8S hyslcal Channel ls called ackeL uaLa
Channel (uCP)
< 1he mapplng of dlfferenL C8S loglcal channel Lo a
uCP ls achleved by uslng a mulLlframe sLrucLure
1he 32 1uMA frame 1he 32 1uMA frame
< Cne mulLlframe has
12 8adlo 8lock (12 x 4 u1CPs)
2 ldle channels
2 1lmlng channels (1CCP)
B
0




B
1


B
2






B
3



B
4



B
5





B
6



B
7



B
8






B
9


B
1
0


B
1
1


U
S
F
=
1
U
S
F
=
3
U
S
F
=
2
USF=1:
B0- B4
B
3










B
2




B
1




B
0
USF=:
B- B9
B
9








B
8





B
7





B
6








B
5
B
4
GPRS AIR INTERFACE
C8S P?SlCAL CPAnnLL
Channel
Codlng
Scheme
CS1 CS2 CS CS4
Slngle 1S
uaLa 8aLe 903 kbps 14 kbps 136 kbps 214 kbps
1S
uaLa 8aLe 2713 kbps 402 kbps 468 kbps 642 kbps
8 1S
uaLa 8aLe 720 kbps 1072 kbps 1248 kbps 1712 kbps
% Codlng Scheme ls dependenL on Lhe C/l
% As Lhe MS approaches Lhe 81S hlgher CS ls used
GPRS AIR INTERFACE
CCulnC SCPLMLS Anu MuL1lLL 1S
C8S Al8 ln1L8lACL
1hree Lypes of LlmesloLs are deflned on Lhe um
lnLerface
ed|cated 1S Cnly used for C8S Lrafflc does
noL handle CS Lrafflc
efau|t 1S 8y defaulL a C8S 1S can be
dynamlcally changed CS lf CS load ls hlgh
Add|t|ona| 1S CS 1S by defaulL can be
dynamlcally changed Lo C8S lf requlred
CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison

39071,.0
-8
39071,.0
7
RACl
AGCl
SDCCl
1Cl
CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison CPRS and CSN Comparison
NS BTS BSC SCSN CCSN
Attach Request
Attach Accept
Channel Req
!mmidiate Assignment
Activate PDP Context Request
PDP Context Accept
DATA Transfer
Detach Accept
Detach Rerquest
Create PDP Cntxt Req
Create PDP Cntxt Accpt
Press
C starts
blinking
C is steady
C is BOX
Antenna
Setup Time
NS Res Time
CCSN Response Time
Nessage Sent
- 3
7
-8
39071,.0
RACl or PRACl
AGCl or PAGCl
PACCl ,SDCCl,
P1MSI
PDP ADDRLSS
PACCl ,SDCCl,
PD1Cl ,1Cl,
PACCl ,SDCCl,
LuCL
Lnhanced ata rates for GSM Lvo|ut|on (LGL) (also known
as Lnhanced GkS (LGkS)
Ma[or change ln Lhe CSM sLandard Lo supporL hlgher daLa
raLes ls Lhe modulaLlon sysLem le 8Sk
LuCL ls four Llmes as efflclenL as C8S C8S uses four codlng
schemes (CS1 Lo 4) whlle LuCL uses nlne ModulaLlon and
Codlng Schemes (MCS1 Lo 9)
LuCL can carry a bandwldLh up Lo 268 kblL/s (wlLh endLo
end laLency of less Lhan 130 ms) for 4 1S (LheoreLlcal
maxlmum ls 476 kblL/s for 8 LlmesloLs) ln packeL mode
C8S / LC8S Channel Codlng
ModulaLlon Scheme
GPRS: Coding Schemes CS-1 - CS-4
Scheme Code rate ModuIation RLC bIocks
per Radio
BIock (0ms)
Raw Data
within one
Radio BIock
FamiIy BCS Punctured
bits
Data rate
kb/s
CS-1 0.5 1 456 - 40 0 9.05
CS-2 2/3 1 588 - 16 132 13.4
CS-3 3/4 1 676 - 16 220 15.6
CS-4 1
GMSK
1
456
- 16
- 21.4
Scheme Code rate ModuIation RLC bIocks
per Radio
BIock (0ms)
Raw Data
within one
Radio BIock
FamiIy BCS Punctured
bits
Data rate
kb/s
MCS-9 1.0 2 2x592 A 1224 59.2
MCS-8 0.92 2 2x544 A 1080 54.4
MCS-7 0.76 2 2x448 B
2x12
792 44.8
MCS-6 0.49 1 592
544
A
588
29.6
27.2
MCS-5 0.37
8PSK
1 448 B 156 22.4
MCS-4 1.0 1 352 C 576 17.6
MCS-3 0.80 1 296
272
A 576 14.8
13.6
MCS-2 0.66 1 224 B 360 11.2
MCS-1 0.53
GMSK
1 176 C
12
216 8.8
EGPRS: odulation and Coding Schemes, CS-1 - CS-9
MCS9 ls used for Lhe followlng
explanaLlon Lo lncremenLal redundancy
CMSk versus 8Sk
Advantage
hlgher daLa raLes posslble
CMSk and 8Sk symbol lengLh are ldenLlcal
SLrucLure of CMSk and 8Sk bursL nearly
ldenLlcal
same frequency resources as for CMSk requlre
|sadvantage
CMSk much more robusL Lhan 8Sk
moblllLy lower
CSM
81S
8SC
MSC
CCSn
vAS
Server
Sun
lnLerneL
SCSn
C
b
S1n
PL8
AuC
A
uual Mode
8nC
node 8
CSM C8S uM1S
An S in
GPRS obile Stations
Class-Amode oI operation operates GPRS and other
GS services simultaneously.
Class-B mode oI operation monitors control channels Ior GPRS and
other GS services, but can only operate one set oI services at one time.
Class-C mode oI operation exclusively operates GPRS
services
MoblllLy managemenL
Sesslon managemenL
uaLa 1ransfer
GPRS Procedures
C8S daLa Lransfer operaLes uslng a mulLlsLage procedure
1 ALLach / ueLach procedure (CMM C8S MoblllLy
ManagemenL)
2 8ouLlng Area updaLe
2 u conLexL acLlvaLlon/ModlflcaLlon/ueacLlvaLlon
(SM Sesslon ManagemenL)
uaLa 1ransfer
CMM/SM ManagemenL
G STATE ODEL
C8S MC8lL1? MAnACLMLn1 S1A1LS
< luLL MS ls noL aLLached Lo C8S moblllLy managemenL
LMn and Cell SelecLlon ls posslble ln Lhls sLaLe 1he MS
cannoL be paged
< S1Anu?8? MS ls aLLached Lo Lhe C8S moblllLy
managemenL uaLa 8ecepLlon and Lransmlsslon ls noL
posslble aglng ls posslble MS performs 8ouLlng area
updaLe
< 8eady SLaLe MS may send or recelve daLa AcLlvaLe and
deacLlvaLe u conLexL MS can perform Cell updaLe
Sesslon managemenL
WRelated to PDP Context
PDP STATES
u Auu8LSS
SLaLlc u Address
u address asslgned permanenLly Lo Lhe MS
uynamlc u Address
u address asslgned Lo Lhe MS once a u conLexL ls
acLlvaLed
u ConLexL AcLlvaLlon
ackeL uaLa roLocol (u) conLexL deacLlvaLlon/modlflcaLlon
ls done by Lhe neLwork or Lhe MS once ln ready or sLandby
sLaLe
u conLexLs remaln acLlve unLll
Lhe MS moves Lo Lhe ldle sLaLe
Lhe MS or neLwork moves Lhe user Lo lnacLlve sLaLe
SGSN DNS DHCP
GGSN
CGF
S
LAP TOP
Intranet
PDP Context activation scenario
PDP context activation
1
DNS query
2
GGSN To be Used
3
Create PDP context
4
Access ode and IP address allocation
5
6
7
Start Billing records
Create PDP context accept
8
9
PDP context activation.
PCUSN SGSN GGSN Web Server
GPRS
Attachement
PDP Context
Activation
Home Page
Request
IDLE
READY
PDP Context Activation establishes the
communication with the internet host.
The SGSN encaptulates the outcoming
data and routes them to the
appropriate GGSN. GGSN
sends them to the Internet.
9 Attocb ptoceJote
ceootlos
Channel requesL
and granL
ALLach AccepL
1MSl 1MSl slgnaLure
allocaLlon and Llmer value
Clpherlng 8equesL
Cipher parameters Cipher parameters
ALLach 8equesL (C8S)
P-TMS, P-TMS signature,
READY timer value, DRX, RAC
P-TMS, P-TMS signature,
READY timer value, DRX, RAC
8LAu? Llmer explry
CMM ConLexL
seLup aL SCSn
t is assumed that the subscriber data
is already available at the SGSN.
The SGSN may allocate new P-TMS,
P-TMS signatures and change timer
value.
t is assumed that the subscriber data
is already available at the SGSN.
The SGSN may allocate new P-TMS,
P-TMS signatures and change timer
value.
SCSn MS 8SS CCSn PL8
9u9 cootext Actlvotloo 9toceJote
ceootlos
1 AcLlvaLe u ConLexL 8equesL
2 CreaLe u ConLexL 8equesL
CMM
SLandby / 8eady
MS lndlcaLes lL's ldenLlLy by 1MSl Also sends
% u 1ype / nSAl
% WheLher SLaLlc / uynamlc Addresslng 8equesLed
% CoS 8equesLed
% Access olnL name (CpLlonal)
% uaLa Mode ( un / Acknowledged)
Clven a valld requesL Lhe SCSn
% updaLes MM ConLexL Lo 8eady
% CalculaLes achlevable CoS glven currenL
loadlng
% CreaLes a 1lu by comblnlng user's lMSl
wlLh nSAl
% CreaLes a record of Lhe u conLexL
% ConLacLs a CCSn wlLh lnformaLlon on Lhe
requesL
*2 AcLlvaLe u ConLexL 8e[ecL
lf an lnvalld requesL ls recelved or oLher error
occurs a re[ecL message ls senL wlLh Lhe
approprlaLe cause value
SCSn MS 8SS CCSn PL8
9u9 cootext Actlvotloo 9toceJote
ceootlos
4 AcLlvaLe u ConLexL AccepL
CreaLe u ConLexL 8esponse
CCSn
% CreaLes a record of Lhe u ConLexL
% Asslgns dynamlc u address lf requesLed
upon reLurn of successful message from Lhe CCSn
Lhe SCSn
% updaLes u conLexL record wlLh CCSn address
and new dynamlc u address lf appllcable
% 8eLurns accepL message Lo MS lndlcaLlng CoS glven
CMM 8eady
u ConLexL
AcLlve
*3 ueAcLlvaLe u ConLexL 8equesL
lf Lhe CoS glven ls dlfferenL Lo Lhe one requesLed
Lhen Lhe MS may choose nC1 Lo accepL Lhe sesslon
lL would achleve Lhls by deacLlvaLlng Lhe conLexL
u ConLexL ueAcLlvaLlon rocedure
SCSn MS 8SS CCSn PL8
C8S roLocol SLack C8S roLocol SLack
C8S Lransmlsslon plane
C8S slgnallng plane
LLC
SNDCP
P
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
LLC
SNDCP
P
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
N-PDU
SN-DATA PDUs
LLCFrames
RLC Blocks
RLC/MACBlocks
TDMA Bursts
Max 1600byLes
uaLa Lransfer beLween MS and SCSn
< SnuC Lransforms l/x23 packeLs lnLo LLC frames afLer
opLlonal header/daLa compresslon segmenLaLlon and
encrypLlon
< An LLC frame ls segmenLed lnLo 8LC daLa blocks whlch are
coded lnLo radlo blocks
< Maxlmum LLC frame slze ls 1600 byLes
< Lach radlo block comprlses four normal bursLs (114 blLs) ln
consecuLlve 1uMA frames
< 8LC ls responslble for Lransmlsslon of daLa across alr
lnLerface lncludlng error correcLlon
< MAC layer performs medlum allocaLlon Lo requesLs lncludlng
mulLlsloL allocaLlon
< P? layer ls ldenLlcal Lo CSM
roLocols
LLC funcLlons comprlse clpherlng flow conLrol and sequence
conLrol
O provldes a rellable loglcal llnk (loglcal mapplng) beLween
MS and SCSn by use of a 1LLl
O more Lhan one loglcal llnk can be esLabllshed
(dlfferenLlaLed by SAl)
8LC/MAC layer locaLed ln Lhe Cu provldes servlces
(segmenLaLlon and reassembly) for Lhe Lransfer of LLC uus
8LC ls responslble for Lransmlsslon of daLa across alr
lnLerface lncludlng error correcLlon
MAC layer performs arblLraLlon beLween mulLlple servlce
requesLs and medlum allocaLlon Lo requesLs
roLocols
MAC layer mulLlplexes several MSs over one physlcal channel
lL also allows one MS Lo use several LlmesloLs ln parallel
(mulLlsloL allocaLlon)
< conLrols access of mulLlple MS on Lhe same radlo resource/
upllnk downllnk schedullng
hyslcal llnk layer provldes physlcal channels Lo 8LC/MAC
layer does lLC lnLerleavlng monlLorlng of radlo llnk slgnal
quallLy and power conLrol
hyslcal 8l layer lowesL layer of Lhe u
m
lnLerface ls ldenLlcal
Lo Lhe CSM 8l layer
Limitations oI GPRS
Speed much lower ln reallLy
lL ls unllkely LhaL a neLwork operaLor wlll asslgn all Llme sloLs
for C8S
1ranslL uelays
ackeLs are rouLed lndlfferenL dlrecLlon ( llke ln Lhe lnLerneL)
and reLransmlsslons as parL of daLa lnLegrlLy lnLroduces delays
1oplcs for nexL sesslon
8adlo Llnk ConLrol
luncLlonallLy of
Medlum Access ConLrol (MAC)
1hank you