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Textiles account for 14% of!ndia's industrial production and around 27% of its export earnings. High alkalinity and traces of chromium employed in dyes_ adversely affect the aquatic life. Textiles are a combined process of bleaching and coloring, which generates voluminous quantities of wastewaters.
Textiles account for 14% of!ndia's industrial production and around 27% of its export earnings. High alkalinity and traces of chromium employed in dyes_ adversely affect the aquatic life. Textiles are a combined process of bleaching and coloring, which generates voluminous quantities of wastewaters.
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Textiles account for 14% of!ndia's industrial production and around 27% of its export earnings. High alkalinity and traces of chromium employed in dyes_ adversely affect the aquatic life. Textiles are a combined process of bleaching and coloring, which generates voluminous quantities of wastewaters.
Droits d'auteur :
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formats disponibles
Téléchargez comme PPT, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
mainly solid waste is generated due to the rejects of cotton Through desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerising, dyeing, printing, and packing * C.O.D REDUCTION OF REACTIVE DYEING EFFLUENT FROM COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY B.V. Babu1*, H.T. Rana2, V. Rama Krishna3, and Mahesh Sharma4 Dyeing is a combined process of bleaching and coloring, which generates voluminous quantities of wastewaters and in turn causes environmental degradation These effluents consist of high TD8 , BOD, COD, pH, Colour, chloride, sulphate, hardness and carcinogenic dye ingredients High BOD in untreated wastewater can cause rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen if it is directly discharged into the surface water sources. The high alkalinity and traces of chromium {employed in dyes_ adversely affect the aquatic life. TEXTLE WA8TE * An estimate shows that textiles account for 14% of ndia's industrial production and around 27% of its export earnings. ndia is the second largest export of cotton yarn 10,000 garment manufacturers and 2200 bleaching and dyeing industries in ndia. Ma]ority are concentrated at Erode and Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu, 8urat in Gu]arat and Ludiyana in Pun]ab. *Recycling of Woven Fabric Dyeing Wastewater Practiced in Perundurai Common Effluent Treatment Plant M. Ramesh Kumar, K. Saravanan, R. Shanmugam TEXTLE NDU8TRE8 N NDA * absorb very strongly at wavelengths in the visible spectrum are composed of polyaromatic compounds. are resistant to biological degradation. DYES (1) acid dyes, (2) direct (substantive) dyes, (3) azoic dyes, (4) disperse dyes, (5)sulfur dyes, (6) fiber reactive dyes, (7) basic dyes,(8)oxidation dyes, (9) mordant (chrome) dyes, (10) developed dyes, (11) vat dyes, (12) pigments, (13) optical/fluorescent brighteners, and (14) solvent dyes. * Textile Dyes and Dyeing Equipment : Classification,Properties, and Environmental Aspects S. V. Kulkarni, C. D. Blackwell, A. L. Blackard, C. W. Stackhouse, and M. W. Alexander DYE8 U8ED N TEXTLE NDUDTRE8 * TOXCOLOGY OF TEXTLE DYE8 * *Environmental Aspects Of Textile Dyeing Editor (s): R Christie, Herriot-Watt University, UK What is Acute Toxicity? Single or multiple exposures in a short space of time (usually less than 24 hours). Acute Toxicity of Textile Dyes Skin rritation Skin Sensitisation Reactive dyes can, however, cause problems in plant workers who manufacture the dyes and textile workers. Fig: Mono Chloro Triazinyl (MCT) Contin.. ACUTE TOXICITY OF TEXTILE DYES Effect of Reactive Dyes Reactive Dyes
Human 8erum Albumin [H8A_
Dye - H8A con]ugate Dye-HSA conjugate, which acts as an antigen. The antigen produces specific immunoglobulin E (gE) and, through the release of chemicals such as histamine, causes allergic reactions (Hunger, 2003; Luczynska, 1986). Fig: A list of reactive dyes that have caused respiratory or skin sensitisation in Workers on occupational exposure has been compiled by Ecological and Toxicological Association of Dyes and Organic Pigment Manufacturers [ ETAD ] What is Chronic Toxicity? A condition caused by repeated or long-term exposure to low doses of a toxic substance Chronic Toxicity of Textile Dyes Non Genotoxicity Toxicants must reach the DNA (which resides in the nucleus of the cell) in order for the chemical to interact with the DNA. t must possess the ability to interact with the DNA, usually by a chemical reaction. So the toxicants must be able to transport across the protective cell membranes. 1] Water solubility 1) The hydrophobic (fatty) nature of the cell membrane is impervious to the hydrophilic water-soluble molecules. 2) water-soluble molecules are generally excreted rapidly by a living organism. 2] Water nsolubility Due to the insolubility , toxicants gets large size particles [0.1 to 3 mm] in the body which are not transported across cell membranes. [e.g.] Pigments Mutagens Carcinogens Teratogens Chronic Toxicity of Textile Dyes Carcinogenic Dyes Active species of most carcinogens, known as the ultimate carcinogen, is an electrophile, E. Nitrenium ion [R2N] carbonium ion [R3C] Carcinogens attack a nucleophilic site in DNA, which may be a carbon, nitrogen or oxygen atom, to form a covalent chemical bond E [DNA] E[DNA] Examples Azo dyes , Anthraquinone dyes , Cationic dyes , Pigments , Aromatic amino- and nitro-compounds , Nitrosamines, hydrazines and hydroxyIamines Water-soluble azo dyes most widely used by textile fabric ndustries Water soluble azo dyes are produced the various metabolites .These metabolites only Develop the Carcinogenic Effects. Benzidine Metabolites of Benzidine Bladder Cancer Benzidine AZO DYES Anthraquinone dyes of the solvent or disperse class containing one or more primary amino- or methyl amino-groups tend to be mutagenic or carcinogenic. Disperse Orange 11 Disperse Blue 1 Disperse Violet 1 Anthraquinone Dyes DYE TOXCTY R8K A88E88MENT Steps in Dye Toxicity Risk Assessment Hazard dentification Exposure Assessment Dose-Response Assessment Risk Characterization DYE TOXCTY R8K A88E88MENT Toxicity of the Azo Dye Methyl Red to Guppy fish {Poecilia reticulata Peters_ LC50 of Methyl Red ,Healthy mature fish (length=2.30.08 cm,width=4.00.17 mm) Different dilution (5-50ppm) of methyl red using tap water were prepared. RESULT The fish toxicity at 5ppm of methyl red was also higher in short term experimental study By the long term experimental studies we can understood the response of the biotic community in an aquatic eco system receiving pollutants which will guide its restoration. mpact of Textile Dye ndustry Effluent on the Neurosecretory Cells in Fresh Water Female Crab 8piralothelphusa hydrodroma {Herbst_ * The effluent was collected in sterile polythene containers and stored at room temperature analyzed once in five days for about 6 times in a month. n the experimental female crab S. hydrodroma that were exposed to textile dye industry effluent (TDE) at a sub lethal concentration [ A concentration of chemical that does not kill an organism. ] (69.66) in two different exposure periods showed morphological and histological changes in the brain, thoracic ganglia and eyestalks. The acute 96 h LC value for TDE for S.hydrodroma was found to be 209.89ppm. nhibition of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases at sub lethal concentration (69.66ppm) of TDE. The inhibition of Succinate dehydrogenase suggests that the metabolic pathway might have been turned into anaerobic to meet the increased energy demand during pollution stress. Contin... * Impact of TextiIe Dye Industry EffIuent on the Neurosecretory CeIIs in Fresh Water FemaIe Crab $5iralothel5husa hydrodroma (Herbst) 1 Sekar, 2S. Hariprasad, 3M. Deccaraman Contin... NDU8TRAL EFFLUENT AND HEALTH 8TATU8 A CA8E 8TUDY OF NOYYAL RVER BA8N * The Health Status of the villages around the NOYYAL river assessed through three medical camps. Doctors participated in the medical camps were able to identify the symptoms of waterborne diseases. Health problems such as skin allergy, Respiratory infections, general allergy, Gastritis and Ulcer were scanning among the villagers who attended the medical camp. t was medically accepted that the polluted water had significant influence on these diseases. t was assessed that one-fourth of the villagers has any one of the listed of diseases. Most of the identified patients accepted that they were using either the river water or well water or both for washing purpose, cleaning the cattle or fishing in the tank etc. After realizing the ill effects of the water they started avoiding the use of it. *INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT AND HEALTH STATUS A CASE STUDY OF NOYYAL RIVER BASIN Dr. K. GovindarajaIu *C.B.M. College, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore, ndia. Impact of TextiIe EffIuents on Fresh Water Fish astacembelus Armatus S. KARTHKEYAN*, M.JAMBULNGAM2, P.SVAKUMAR1,A.P. SHEKHAR3 Group of 10 healthy fishes have average length 15 3 cm and weight 8010 gm were used for experiment. Exposed to sub lethal concentration of textile dye -Acid Blue 92 ( C.No. 13390) for a period of 35 days. RESULT The conc. of K, Ca2 and Mg2 ions are increased after the treatment with textile dyes. The increase in K ion concentration of the sample is attributed to the reduction in the extra cellular space. The decrease in Na concentration suggests a change in permeability properties of different biological membrane system. Appropriate decrease of Cl ion concentration in fish might be due to reduced activity of carbonic anhydrase by the uptake of high Textile Effluents Biochemical Parameters Of Liver Function n Artisans Occupationally Exposed To Vat Dyes * Using convenience sampling technique, a cohort of dye workers (n=117) with a minimum of one year and a maximum of 60 years duration of exposure (mean =17.03 1.19 years) were recruited in this study. Plasma separated from blood samples stored at -20C. Estimation of Plasma albumin , Total Bilirubin were done. Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase , Alanine Transaminase , Aspartate Transaminase were estimated. * BiochemicaI Parameters Of Liver Function In Artisans OccupationaIIy Exposed To Vat Dyes OIuwatosin O. Soyinka ,Francis A .Adeniyi Dept. of ChemicaI pathoIogy and immunoIogy ,Obafemi AwoIowo University ,Nigeria Physico Chemical Treatment for Textile Dye Effluents n SPCOT ndustries Effluent Treatment Plant [ETP] Filtration Methods [DMF,UF] Reverse Osmosis Plant [RO] Multiple - Effect Evaporator Plant [MEEP] Solar Bed Evaporation Effluent Treatment Plant [ETP] Dye water Treatment Wash water Treatment Effluents contain very rich in Dye and Salt solution. Less water contents. Treated directly to the Evaporator system for recover the salts as well as remaining less water. Effluents contain more [70 %] water contents The treatment system is followed by ETP , Filtration ,RO and Evaporator system. Flow diagram of ETP Collection Tank Lime & Ferrous Dosing Secondary Clarifier Ultra Filter Aeration Tank Flash Mixing Tank Primary Clarifier Dual Media Filter HCL Acid Dosing Reverse Osmosis Contin.... Aeration Tank Primary Clarifier Secondary Clarifier Dual Media Filter [DMF] Ultra Filtration [ UF _ UF system is made by hollow fiber type model membranes This system is automatically working with the following pumps such as: 1) Feed water Pump. 2) Back wash Pump. 3) Chemical Dosing Pump. 4) Cleaning Pump The UF system is reducing micron size suspended particles as well as bacteria and viruses. The outlet of the UF water have the pH of 7.5-8.0 TDS level is varied from 3000 ppm-3500 ppm Finally the outlet treated water is passed to the RO feed tank. REVER8E O8MO88 PLANT What is Reverse Osmosis ? Reverse osmosis is the process of forcing a solvent from a region of high solute concentration through a membrane to a region of low solute concentration by applying a High pressure. Ro Plant used to remove the high amount of TDS . Flow diagram of zero discharge in textile dyeing unit using advanced treatment Note: KLD = Kilo Liters per Day 1 KLD = 1000 Liter D8CU88ON Can we Create the Green Earth Again?