LAN CABLE TESTER

Raj Kumar Goel Engineering College

Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Group Members: Brashu Gupta Prashant Agrawal
Piyush Bharadwaj Sanket Gupta

CONTENTS
Introduction Description of the Circuit Circuit Diagram Components Used Working of the Circuit Application Advantages Conclusion Reference

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this project is to design and construct a LAN Cable Tester. It is a tool for testing LAN cables to find all the problems associated with the cable. The fault in any of the wire in the cable can easily be detected by the use of this small but useful instrument and the speed can be enhanced very easily which was earlier dumped by the cable fault.

INTRODUCTION
One of the most popular experiments that users with multiple PCs will try is the installation of a home network or LAN. LAN stands for Local Area Network; the correct term applied to any network installed in a limited physical area. When the LAN doesnt perform as expected or maybe doesnt even seem to connect at all, then Obviously that time we all need some basic LAN troubleshooting and troubleshooting will sometimes require test equipment. The purpose of this project is to create a simple but reliable LAN cable tester. It is intended for use as a troubleshooting tool for basic connectivity testing rather than for performance issue resolution.

DESCRIPTION OF THE CIRCUIT

In this project, we use one microcontroller to control all the transfer voltage, one LCD to display the messages and 16 LEDs to check the continuity of wire. We use 89s52 microcontroller, which is a family member of the 8051 controllers.

We use 2 lines and 16 characters LCD to display the message on the screen.
Out of 16 LEDs, 8 LEDs are for the input signal and 8 for the output signal. We use 5 volt regulated supply for the whole circuit. For this, we can either use step down transformer to step down the voltage or 7805 regulator to reduce the voltage from 9 volt to 5 volt dc.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS USED
Power Supply
Step Down Transformer

LCD Display
LCD (2 by 16)

Processing Circuitry
89s52 Microcontroller

Reset Circuitry
Switch

Diode

Diode

Crystal Oscillator

Resistance

7805 IC

Resistance

Capacitor

Capacitor

LED

LAN Wire Connector

LEDs

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

In this project we show that how we can check the LAN or any other cable with the smart point to point checking method. In this method of wire testing, we pass voltage from one end to another end to each wire. If the wire passes the voltage successfully, then connected LED is ON and LCD shows a message on screen. So microcontroller checks all the eight wires one by one and shows the result on LCD.

If all the points are okay then LCD display an OK message. If even a single wire is not transferring the voltage, then LCD shows a NOT OK message.

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

This tester is a very simple two-piece unit that allows one person to check the operation of LAN cables with a minimum of fuss. Both end of the assembled cable is plugged into each of the tester units. So we use a unit that has 8 outputs, each one of which produces a pulse successively. Only one output can be high at any time. Then we use two RJ-45 connectors and we apply the pulses to the 8 pins of one connector (A) and we connect LEDs at the pins of the other connector (B).

If we connect a LAN cable, we notice that the LEDs glow one by one successively in the order of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. If a wire is broken, the corresponding LED will not glow.

POWER SUPPLY

POWER SUPPLY
Step Down Transformer: In this project we use step down transformer to step down the voltage from 220 volt ac to 9-0-9 volt ac. This AC is further connected to the rectifier circuit for AC to DC conversion. Transformer current rating is 750 mA. Diode: In this project we use IN 4007 diode as a rectifier. IN 4007 is a special diode to convert the AC voltage into DC. Here, we use two diodes as a full wave rectifier. Output of a rectifier is pulsating DC. 7805 IC: This IC is used to gain regulated power supply. To convert the pulsating dc into smooth dc we use Electrolytic capacitor as a main filter. Capacitor converts the pulsating dc into smooth dc and this DC is connected to the Regulator circuit for Regulated 5 volt DC. LED: A power LED is used to observe the correct functioning of power supply.

PROCESSING CIRCUITRY

PROCESSING CIRCUITRY
89S52 Microcontroller: 89S52 microcontrollers is a low-power, high-performance, 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). 89s52 microcontroller is a family member of the 8051 controllers. The 89S52 microcontrollers provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a fullduplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. Crystal Oscillator: A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers.

PROCESSING CIRCUITRY
Capacitor: A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a device for storing electric charge. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two conductors separated by a non-conductor. Capacitors used as parts of electrical systems, for example, consist of metal foils separated by a layer of insulating film.

LAN Wire Connectors: These connectors are used to connect the both ends of the testing wire. It is also called as RJ-45 connector
LEDs: These LEDs are used to show the correct functioning of all the 8 wires of the cable.

LCD DISPLAY

LCD DISPLAY
LCD (2 by 16): LCD is used to display the messages. 2 by 16 LCD have 2 rows and 16 columns to display the output. This LCD produce the message ok if the wire is correctly working and not ok if any wire of the cable is defected. Diode: A diode is a two terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in only one direction. Resistance: The electrical resistance of an electrical element measures its opposition to the passage of an electric current; the inverse quantity is electrical conductance, measuring how easily electricity flows along a certain path.

RESET CIRCUITRY

RESET CIRCUITRY
Switch: Switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts. Resistance: The electrical resistance of an electrical element measures its opposition to the passage of an electric current; the inverse quantity is electrical conductance, measuring how easily electricity flows along a certain path. Capacitor: A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a device for storing electric charge. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two conductors separated by a non-conductor. Capacitors used as parts of electrical systems, for example, consist of metal foils separated by a layer of insulating film.

APPLICATIONS
Network Testing is the prime application of LAN Cable Tester. It holds its firm existence in the fast growing Internet broadband present scenario. The fault in any of the wire in the cable can easily be detected by the use of this small but useful instrument and the speed can be enhanced very easily which was earlier dumped by the cable fault. Moreover we can find its application in the wired communication channel. If a single wire in the cable is not working it will produce some interference resulting to noise, hence it will distort the information content and proper information would not be transferred or received. By the use of LAN Cable Tester we can find the actual fault in our network and make it appropriate. The implementation of this LAN cable tester is efficient to those organizations and industries where the use of LAN wire connection is more prominent.

ADVANTAGES
It is a tool for testing any type of cable- LAN cables, Data communication cables and Tele-communication cables. It finds all the faults associated with the cable such as opens, shorts, cable integrity and distance to a fault. It is a small and efficient instrument to detect the fault in any of the wire in the cable and the speed can also be enhanced. It does not require pulling the cables out of the place, drilling of large holes in walls, ceilings, or floors. It reduces the overall costs by replacing only the required cables that have faults, instead of replacing a whole bulk of cable. Its circuit is simple to use, cheap, easily implemented and can be assembled with ease. It has a low energy consumption, eco-friendly and ease of maintenance.

CONCLUSION
What happens when the LAN doesnt perform as expected or maybe doesnt even seem to connect at all? Obviously that time we all need some basic LAN troubleshooting and troubleshooting will sometimes require test equipment. The purpose of this project is to create a simple but reliable LAN cable tester. It is intended for use as a troubleshooting tool for basic connectivity testing. Even if a single wire in the cable is not working, it will produce some interference resulting to noise. Hence it will distort the information content and proper information would not be transferred or received. By the use of LAN Cable Tester we can find all the problems associated with the cable and the actual fault in our network to make it appropriate.

REFERENCE
www.wikipedia.org

www.electronicsforu.com
www.howstuffworks.com www.scribd.com Electronics For You Magazine Electronic Devices And Circuits J. B. Gupta

Linear Integrated circuits R. A. Gayakwad

8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems M. A. Mazidi

Thanks

Sanket Gupta Email:- sanket.kinghrt@gmail.com Social Networking Website:- www.facebook.com/sanketkinghrt