Boxing

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

What is boxing?

Contact, martial arts sport in which 2 people fight using their fists Involves referee Consists of 3 minute rounds 12 rounds in total (Professional) Amateur level only three 3 minute rounds 1 minute rest between rounds 3 ways of winning:

Knockout Injury Score cards

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Rules
No hitting below the belt, holding, tripping, pushing, biting, spitting or wrestling No kicking Only allowed to hit with fist Not allowed to hold onto ropes or opponent Cant hit back, back of head or kidneys

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Boxing ring dimensions and requirements

Minimum size- 4.90 m square (16 feet) and the maximum size 6.10 m square (20 feet) inside the line of the ropes. In international championships the size of the ring shall be 6.10 m square. The ring shall not be less than 91 cm (3 feet) or more than 1.22 m (4 feet) above the ground or base. Platform needs to be safely constructed, level and free from any obstructing projections and shall extend for at least 46 cm (18 inches) outside the line of the ropes. 4 corner posts which shall be well padded for injury prevention The corner pads should be arranged in the following way: In the nearer left-side ring corner facing the President of the Jury- red; in the far leftside corner- white; in the far right-side corner- blue; and in the near right corner- white.
Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Floor Covering. The floor shall be covered with felt, rubber or other suitable approved material having the same quality of elasticity,

Ropes. There shall be three or four ropes of a thickness of 3 cm to 5 cm. Steps. The ring shall be provided with three steps. Two steps at the opposite corners for the use of contestants and seconds, --one step in the neutral corner for use by the Referees and Doctors. Plastic Bag. In the two neutral corners outside the ring, a small plastic bag shall be fixed in which the referee shall drop the cotton or tissue pads used by him to nurse bleedings.

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Scoring

A point is awarded for a scoring hit with marked part of the glove on the opponent's head (side or front) or body (above the belt). A panel of five judges decides which hits are scoring hits. Judges each have two buttons before them, one for each boxer, and they press the appropriate button when they believe a boxer delivers a scoring hit. An electronic scoring system registers a point whenever three or more judges press the button for one boxer within a second of each other. No point is awarded for a hit unless three of the five judges agree. When two boxers trade blows in a flurry of infighting, where no full-force punches can land, the judges wait until the end of the exchange and award a point to the boxer who got the better of it.
Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

At the end of the bout, when each judge's points have been totaled, the boxer awarded the most points by a majority of the judges is declared the winner. If two boxers end up with the same number of points, the

judges decide a winner by assessing such factors as which of the two took the lead and showed better style. If the judges determine those factors to be even, they turn to which competitor showed better defense. Punches to an opponent's arms do not score points. Punches that are judged to have no force behind them do not score points. When a boxer commits a foul, he faces a caution, a warning or, in extreme cases, disqualification. Two cautions for a particular offence mean an automatic warning, and three warnings of any kind mean disqualification.

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

knockout

During a bout, a boxer is considered down if, as a result of being hit, he touches the floor with any part of his body besides his feet. He also is down if he is even partly outside the ropes or hanging on them helplessly from being hit, or if he still is standing but is judged to be unable to continue.
When a boxer is down, the referee starts counting from one to 10 seconds. The count now is timed electronically, with a beep sounding for each number, but referees often still choose to call them out. The referee also is required to signal the count to the downed boxer by holding a hand in front of him and counting with his fingers. If the boxer is still down after the 10 seconds, the Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010 opponent wins on a knockout.

Even if a boxer gets back on his feet immediately, he is obliged to take a mandatory eight-count. After the eight seconds, the referee will give the command "Box" if he feels the match should continue. If the boxer gets to his
feet but falls again without receiving another blow, the referee starts counting at eight.

A boxer who is down and being counted can be saved by the bell only in the final round of the final. In all other rounds and bouts, the count continues after the bell sounds.
Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Scoring areas

Forehead and face Chest Abdomen above the belt

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Protective equipment

Gloves Hand wraps/ boxing bandages

2m long, wrapped in figure of 8 around each finger also

Mouth piece Waistband Head gear (optional) Soft soled shoes Shorts Ball box
Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Stance

Conventional

left foot forward right hand at back

South paw

Opp

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Punches

Jab (front/ lead hand, sparring to keep opponent away)

Cross (step around the punch and punch back to opponent)

Hook (1/2 hug/ round the shoulder)

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Uppercut

Short straight punch

Cross counter punch

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Half uppercut

Half hook

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Defenses

Cover up

Slipping

Bobbing

Clinching

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Footwork

Blocking

Pulling away

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Guards

Low guards -more speed less power, floppy (Akhil Kumar) defensive boxing

Peek a boo- conventional punches, less speed, more power- offensive boxing (Vijinder Kumar)

Mixed guardsdefensive boxing

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Injuries

Concussion Cuts Chondral lesions of mcp jt and carpals Fractures- carpals and mc Wrist sprains Shoulder injuries- rotator cuff (ant tight) Overuse injuries in light weight boxers 0 plantar fascitis, achilles tendinitis Whiplash LBP TMJ
Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Type of training

Speed- light weight categories Endurance Strength Agility

Ladder Footwork skipping Shot putting Light dumbell sequences

Power/ plyometrics (upper body)

Speed of hands and footwork

Skipping Speed ball punching

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Professional boxing Weight categories

1. Heavyweight (over 200lb, 91kg) 2. Cruiserweight (200lb, 91kg) 3. Light heavyweight (175lb, 79kg) 4. Super middleweight (168lb, 76.2kg) 5. Middleweight (160lb, 72.5kg) 6. Light middleweight, also known as super welter (154lb, 70kg) 7. Welterweight (147lb, 66.7kg) 8. Light welterweight, also known as super light (140lb, 63.5kg) 9. Lightweight (135lb, 61.2kg) 10. Super featherweight, also known as junior light (130lb, 59kg) 11. Featherweight (126lb, 57.1kg) 12. Super bantamweight, also known as junior feather (122lb, 55.3kg) 13. Bantamweight (118lb, 53.5kg) 14. Super flyweight, also known as junior bantam (115lb, 52.1kg) 15. Flyweight (112lb, 51kg) 16. Light flyweight (108lb, 49kg) Copyright Sarah 17. Straw weight, also known as mini fly (105lb, 47.6kg) Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010

Women boxing divisions

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9.
10. 11. 12.

13.

Pinweight (up to 101lb, 45.8kg) Light Flyweight (106lb, 48.1kg) Flyweight (110lb, 49.9kg) Light Bantamweight (114lb, 51.7kg) Bantamweight (119lb, 53.9kg) Featherweight (125lb, 56.7kg) Lightweight (132lb, 59.9kg) Light Welterweight (138lb, 62.6kg) Welterweight (145lb, 65.8kg) Light Middleweight (154lb, 69.9kg) Middleweight (165lb, 74.8kg) Light Heavyweight (176lb, 79.8kg) Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010 Heavyweight (over 189lb, 85.7kg)

Amateur boxing weight categories

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9.
10. 11.

Light Flyweight (up to 106lb, 48.1kg) Flyweight (112lb, 50.8kg) Bantamweight (119lb, 54.0kg) Featherweight (125lb, 56.7kg) Lightweight (132lb, 59.9kg) Light Welterweight (141lb, 63.9kg) Welterweight (152lb, 68.9kg) Middleweight (165lb, 74.8kg) Light Heavyweight (178lb, 80.7kg) Heavyweight (201lb, 91.2kg) Super Heavyweight (over 201lb, 91.2kg)
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References
1. 2. 3.

Internet- IABA Wikepedia Heath Mathews, Elite Athlete Performance

Copyright Sarah Ferguson, Elite Athlete Performance 2010