Design and Construction of A 115 kV Substation

Substation Design

Mechanical design

Civil and structural design

Electrical design

Substation layout

Substation layout

Construction

Relay setting

Testing and commissioning

3

Civil and structural design

1. Site preparation 2. Soil sterilization 3. Drainage 4. Foundations and structures 5. Oil containment
4

Reference Standards:
1. ACI 117-90, Standard tolerances for concrete construction and materials. 2. ACI 301-96, Specifications for structural concrete for buildings. 3. ACI 304-89, Guide for measuring, mixing, transporting and placing concrete.
5

Mechanical design
1. Heating, ventilation and air condition 2. Water and sewer connection 3. Noise abatement facility 4. Level of fire protection 5. Levels of exhaust emissions
6

Reference Standards:
1. ACI 305-91, Hot weather concreting. 2. ACI 306-88, Cold weather concreting. 3. ACI 318-99, Building code requirements for reinforced concrete & commentary. 4. ANSI B18.12-1962, American national standard glossary of terms for mechanical fasteners. 5. ANSI C29.9-1983, American national standard for wet-process porcelain insulators.
7

Electrical design
1. Protection and control design 2. Communication design 3. Grounding and shielding 4. Circuit breaker, 5. Instrumentation and metering
8

Reference Standards:
1. Accredited standard committee C2-1997, National electrical safety code. 2. ANSI C37.06-1997, American national standard for switchgear AC high voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis preferred ratings and related required capabilities. 3. ANSI C37.12-1991, American national standard specification guide for AC high voltage circuit breaker based on a symmetrical current basis.
9

Reference Standards: (Cont.)

4. ANSI C37.32-1996, American national standard for switchgear high voltage air switches, bus supports, and switch accessories schedules of preferred ratings, manufacturing specifications, and applications guide. 5. ANSI C57.12.10-1988, American national standard for transformers. 6. ANSI C57.12.11-1980, American national standard guide for installation of oil immersed transformers (10 MVA, 69-287 kV rating)
10

Reference Standards: (Cont.)

7. ANSI C93.4-1984, American national standard for power line carrier line tuning equipment. 8. ANSI C298-1985, American national standard for wet process porcelain insulators 9. ANSI 14.15-1988, American national standard electrical and electronic diagram 10. ANSI/NAAMM MBG531-1993, Metal bar grating manual
11

Reference Standards: (Cont.)

11. IEEE Std 48-1996, IEEE standard test procedures and requirements for alternating current cable. 12. IEEE Std 80-2000, IEEE guide for safety in AC substation grounding. 13. IEEE Std 485-1997. IEEE recommended practice for sizing lead acid batteries for stationary applications. 14. IEEE Std 605-1998, IEEE guide for the design of substation rigid-bus structures.
12

Reference Standards: (Cont.)

15. IEEE Std 998-1996, IEEE guide for direct lightning stroke shielding of substation. 16. IEEE Std 1264-1993, IEEE guide for animal deterrents for electric power supply substation. 17. IEEE Std C37.010-1988, IEEE application guide for AC high voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis. 18. IEEE Std C37-30-1997, IEEE standard requirements for high voltage switches.
13

Construction
1. Grading specifications 2. Foundation specifications 3. Structures 4. Fence specifications 5. Bus and equipment 6. Testing and monitoring 7. Compliance with applicable regulation
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Construction of Grounding System

15

Installation of High-Voltage Equipment

16

115kV Disconnecting and Earthing Switch

17

CT and VT
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SF6 Circuit Breaker

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115kV/6.9kV 6MVA Power Transformer

20

Control Cable Installation

21

Medium Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear

22

Protection Relaying and Control Board

23

Battery Charger

24

Control Room
25

115 kV Substation
26

Relay setting
1. Line protection 2. Substation bus protection 3. Transformer protection 4. Breaker protection 5. Utility-consumer interconnections 6. Other substation protection
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Testing and Commissioning

1. Testing standards 2. Test and records to provide positive assurance 3. Operation and maintenance training

28

Operation and Maintenance Training

1. Location and identification of major equipment components 2. Demonstration of equipment maintenance techniques 3. Demonstration of equipment operation, both locally and remote
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Operation and Maintenance Training

(Cont.)

4. Overview of the indicating instruments in the panels 5. Overview of the protective relay system, definition of zones covered by each relay, implication of trips, techniques for setting trip points

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31

1.Substation Design 2.Grounding Design 3.Commissioning

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Electrical Design General 1. Coordination with other design groups 2. Preliminary and ultimate substation layout to establish size requirements in consultation with the other design groups 3. Animal deterrent designs required for the substation 4. Ultimate low-voltage AC station service load requirements for the equipment at the substation

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5. Sources of the preferred and alternate AC station power service 6. All control measurement, indication, and protection design, including wiring

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1. IEEE Std 525-1992 Guide for the Design and Installation of Cable Systems in Substations 2. IEEE Std 605-1998 Guide for Design of Substation Rigid-Bus Structures 3. IEEE Std 837-2002 Standard for Qualifying Permanent Connections Used in Substation Grounding 4. IEEE Std 979-1984 Guide for Substation Fire Protection

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5. IEEE Std 998-1996 Guide for Direct Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations 6. IEEE Std 1119-1988 Guide for Fence Safety Clearances in Electric-supply Stations 7. IEEE Std 1127-1990 Guide for the Design, Construction and Operation of Safe Reliable Substations for Environmental Acceptance 8. IEEE Std 1246-2002 Guide for Temporary Protective Grounding System Used in Substations
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31.5MVA Power Transformer

37

Steel Structure Installation

38

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Conduit Installation
40

Aluminum Tube Busbar Installation

41

Grounding Design

42

Standard Design
IEEE Std. 80-2000, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding is based on the Safety Criteria of Acceptable Touch and Step Potentials, May 1, 2001.

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Process Design 1. Survey 2. Measurement Soil Resistivity 3. Grounding Design

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v G r o u n d

i l
a / 2 0 m

Four Point Method or Wenners Method

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46

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48

Ground Resistance Measurement

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Standard Measurement
IEEE Std.81.2-1991, IEEE Guide for Measurement of Impedance and Safety Characteristics of Large, Extended or Interconnected Grounding System, June 25, 1992.

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A V

62 %
Ground System

100 %

51

Standard Design
1. Accredited standard committee C2-1997, National electrical safety code. 2. ACI 117-90, Standard tolerances for concrete construction and materials. 3. ACI 301-96, Specifications for structural concrete for buildings. 4. ACI 304-89, Guide for measuring, mixing, transporting and placing concrete.
52

5. ACI 305-91, Hot weather concreting. 6. ACI 306-88, Cold weather concreting. 7. ACI 318-99, Building code requirements for reinforced concrete & commentary. 8. ANSI B18.12-1962, American national standard glossary of terms for mechanical fasteners. 9. ANSI C29.9-1983, American national standard for wet-process porcelain insulators.
53

10. ANSI C37.06-1997, American national standard for switchgear AC high voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis preferred ratings and related required capabilities. 11. ANSI C37.12-1991, American national standard specification guide for AC high voltage circuit breaker based on a symmetrical current basis.

54

12. ANSI C37.32-1996, American national standard for switchgear high voltage air switches, bus supports, and switch accessories schedules of preferred ratings, manufacturing specifications, and applications guide. 13. ANSI C57.12.10-1988, American national standard for transformers. 14. ANSI C57.12.11-1980, American national standard guide for installation of oil immersed transformers (10 MVA, 69287 kV rating) 55

15. ANSI C57.12.12-1980, American national standard guide for installation of oil immersed transformers 345 kV and above 16. ANSI C63.2-1996, American national standard for electromagnetic noise and field strength instrumentation, 10 kHz to 40 GHz. 17. ANSI C93.2-1976, American national standard requirements for power line coupling capacitor voltage transformers. 18. ANSI C93.3-1981, American national standard for power line carrier line traps.
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19. ANSI C93.4-1984, American national standard for power line carrier line tuning equipment.

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