PRESENTATON

AND
ORGANZATON
OF DATA
ETHODS OF PRESENTNG DATA
TABULAR FOR
PARAGRAPH OR TEXTUAL FOR
GRAPHCAL FOR
TABULAR FOR
Data are organize into rows and columns
Statistical table is used to describe the data
Numerical facts are presented in more
concise and systematic manner.
PARTS OF STATSTCAL TABLE
TABLE HEAD( TABLE NUBER AND
TABLE TTLE)
BOX HEAD
BODY
FOOTNOTE AND SOURCE
(OPTONAL)
PARAGRAPH /TEXTUAL
FOR
Uses sentences or paragraph to describe
the data
Combines text and numerical facts
Used if there are only few numerical data
and to emphasize on some figures.
GRAPHICAL FORM
Graphs and charts are used to illustrate the data
Graph is a pictorial or geometric representation of
data
Presenting more clearly, more creatively in
attractive and colorful figures.
PARTS OF STATSTCAL CHARTS
TTLE
COORDNATE AXES
LABELS
LEGEND
SCALE
GRDLNES
SOURCE(OPTONAL)
Tabular
PRESENTATON
of DATA
Table 4
Distribution of Students in ABC College
According to Year Level

Year Level

Number of
Students
First year 300
Second year 250
Third year 285
Fourth year 215
N = 1050

Source: ABC College Registrar


Table number & title
TYPES OF STATSTCAL CHART
LNE GRAPH
BAR GRAPH
PE CHART
PCTOGRAPH
STATSTCAL AP
SCATTER DAGRA
BAR GRAPH
A bar graph is used to show relationships
between groups.
The two items being compared do not
need to affect each other. t's a fast
way to show big differences.
Bar Graph is a graph that is useful for
comparing the amounts for one set of
data.
BAR GRAPH
ase: Class Interval
Height: Frequency
(c.i) f
10 - 14 3
15 - 19 6
20 - 24 12
25 - 29 7
30 - 34 4
35 - 39 3
12
0
2
4
6
8
10
1
0

t
o

1
4
2
0

t
o

2
4
3
0

t
o

3
4
There are gaps between bars. This is appropriate
to use for discrete variables!
Take Note !!
Bar Chart
ase: Class Mark
Height: Frequency
(c.i) f X
10 - 14 3 12
15 - 19 6 17
20 - 24 12 22
25 - 29 7 27
30 - 34 4 32
35 - 39 3 37
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
12 17 22 27 32 37
There is no gap between bars. This is appropriate
to use for continuous variables!
%%
Histogram
ine graph
Line Graph is a graph that is useful for
showing how data changes over time.
A line graph is used to show continuing
data; how one thing is affected by another.
t's clear to see how things are going by the
rises and falls a line graph shows.
LNE GRAPH
PE CHART
A PE CHART is used to show how a part
of something relates to the whole.
This kind of graph is needed to show
percentages effectively.
PE GRAPH
Pie Chart
(c.i) f
10 - 14 3
15 - 19 6
20 - 24 12
25 - 29 7
30 - 34 4
35 - 39 3
9
17
34
20
11
9
PCTOGRAPH
Pictograph is a graph that uses pictures or
symbols to show data.
A pictograph uses an icon to represent a
quantity of data values in order to
decrease the size of the graph.
PCTOGRAPH
STATSTCAL AP
A statistical map chart displays data by
shading sections of a map, and must
include a key.
STATSTCAL AP
ORGANZNG QUANTTATVE
DATA
ARRAY arrangement of data in ascending or
descending order
FREQUENCY DSTRBUTON- tabular
arrangement of data by classes or categories
with corresponding frequencies
STE AND LEAF PLOT- a representation of a
distribution where the individual scores are
preserved. Here, the leftmost digit will become
the stem and the right digit become the leaf.
Tabular
PRESENTATON
of DATA
It is a table which shows the data arranged into
diIIerent classes and the number oI cases which
Iall into each class is tallied.
%able 3.0
%he Ungrouped Frequency Distribution %able
For the Age oI 50 Service Crews at Jollimee
Age Frequency Percentage
Frequency
18 7 0.14
19 8 0.16
20 6 0.12
21 11 0.22
22 4 0.08
23 5 0.10
24 5 0.10
25 4 0.08
N 50
%able 3.1
%he Grouped Frequency Distribution %able
For the Age oI 50 Service Crews at Jollimee
Age Frequency Percentage
Frequency
18-19 15 0.30
20-21 17 0.34
22-23 9 0.18
24-25 9 0.18
N 50
Tabular
PRESENTATON
of DATA
Tabe 3.2
The Grouped Frequency Distribution for the
Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Cass
Interva
( c. i )
Tay Frequency
( f )
Cass
Mark
(X)
Cass
Boundary
3 - 8
9 - 14
15 - 20
21 - 26
27 - 32
33 - 38
39 - 44
45 - 50
I
IIII - II
IIII - III
IIII
IIII - IIII - I
IIII - III
IIII - II
IIII
1
7
8
4
11
8
7
4
5.5
11.5
17.5
23.5
29.5
35.5
41.5
47.5
2.5 - 8.5
8.5 - 14.5
14.5 - 20.5
20.5 - 26.5
26.5 - 32.5
32.5 - 38.5
38.5 - 44.5
44.5 - 50.5

N = 50


Tabular
PRESENTATON
of DATA
Class Interval
(c.i)
3 - 8
9 - 14
15 - 20
21 - 26
27 - 32
33 - 38
39 - 44
45 - 50
The first column in a frequency distribution
table is the class interval (c.i). The first
column in (c.i) is the lower limit (LL), while
the second column is the upper limit (UL).
There are eight classes in this table, which
starts from 3 - 8 and ends to 45 - 50.
The size of the class interval or the class
Width(c) is 6. It is obtained by getting
the difference between consecutive
upper or lower limits, or by
getting UL - LL + 1unit.
Ex. 8 - 3 + 1 6
14 - 9 + 1 6, ...
TERNOLOGES ABOUT
FREQUENCY DSTRBUTON
CLASS NTERVALS
refers to groups or categories
Example: 8 classes or groups
Cass
Interva
(c.i)
3 - 8
9 - 14
15 - 20
21 - 26
27 - 32
33 - 38
39 - 44
45 - 50
CLASS LTS
Numbers used to name the classes
Example: 9-14 are class limits
Lower class limit is 9
Upper class limit is 14
Tabe 3.2
The Grouped Frequency Distribution for the
Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Cass
Interva
( c. i )
Tay Frequency
( f )
Cass
Mark
(X)
Cass
Boundary
3 - 8
9 - 14
15 - 20
21 - 26
27 - 32
33 - 38
39 - 44
45 - 50
I
IIII - II
IIII - III
IIII
IIII - IIII - I
IIII - III
IIII - II
IIII
1
7
8
4
11
8
7
4
5.5
11.5
17.5
23.5
29.5
35.5
41.5
47.5
2.5 - 8.5
8.5 - 14.5
14.5 - 20.5
20.5 - 26.5
26.5 - 32.5
32.5 - 38.5
38.5 - 44.5
44.5 - 50.5

N = 50


CLASS ARK/CLASS
DPONT
Xi = (lcli + ucli)/2 where i refers to class number
Grades number class mark
of student
29-38 3 33.5
39-48 1 43.5
49-58 4 53.5
59-68 10 63.5
69-78 15 73.5
79-88 12 83.5
89-98 5 93.5
TOTAL 50
CLASS BOUNDARES
True class limits
Grades class boundaries
29-38 28.5-38.5
39-48 38.5-48.5
49-58 48.5-58.5
59-68 58.5-68.5
69-78 68.5-78.5
79-88 78.5-88.5
89-98 88.5-98.5
how ? ( 88+89)/2 and (98+99)/2
CLASS WDTH /CLASS SZE ( C)
Difference between 2 consecutive lcl, ucl,
lcb, ucb, classmarks
c= 43.5 33.5 = 10 using consecutive class marks
c= 38.5 28.5 = 10 using consecutive ucb
c= 49 39= 10 using consecutive lcl
number of student
CONSTRUCTON OF
FREQUENCY DSTRBUTON
1. Find the range, R: highest value lowest
value
2. Solve for the number of classes, k
Sturges' formula k= 1 +3.332 log N
3. Find class size, c
c= R/k
4. Tally
DSTRBUTONS DERVED FRO
FREQUENCY DSTRBUTON
Relative Frequency Distribution
Cumulative Frequency Distribution
GRAPHCAL REPRESENATATON OF
FREQUENCY DSTRBUTON
Frequency Histogram- a bar graph to
present frequency distribution
Frequency Polygon- line graph to present
frequency distribution
Ogive- a line graph to present cumulative
frequency distribution
FREQUENCY HSTOGRA
x-axis, classes y-axis, frequency
ase: Class Mark
Height: Frequency
(c.i) f X
10 - 14 3 12
15 - 19 6 17
20 - 24 12 22
25 - 29 7 27
30 - 34 4 32
35 - 39 3 37
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
12 17 22 27 32 37
There is no gap between bars. This is appropriate
to use for continuous variables!
%%
Histogram
FREQUENCY POLYGON
x-axis, class marks y-axis, frequency
Frequency Poygon
ase: Class Mark
Height: Frequency
(c.i) f X
10 - 14 3 12
15 - 19 6 17
20 - 24 12 22
25 - 29 7 27
30 - 34 4 32
35 - 39 3 37
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42
This is appropriate
to use for
continuous
variables!
Take Note !!
Additiona "X" are
added on both ends in order
to cose the poygon.
OGVE
LNE GRAPH TO PRESENT THE
CUULATVE FREQUENCY
DSTRBUTON
x-axis, class boundaries
y-axis, cumulative frequency
Ogive
ase: Upper Class oundary
Height: < cf
c.b. <cf
- 9.5 0
9.5-14.5 3
14.5-19.5 9
19.5-24.5 21
24.5-29.5 28
29.5-34.5 32
34.5-39.5 35
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
9.5 14.5 19.5 24.5 29.5 34.5 39.5
< Ogive
There is additional
Upper c.b. '9.5" with
cf equal to 0.
Take Note !!
Ogive
ase: Lower Class oundary
Height: > cf
c.b. >cf
9.5-14.5 35
14.5-19.5 32
19.5-24.5 26
24.5-29.5 14
29.5-34.5 7
34.5-39.5 3
39.5- 0
>cf & Lower c.b.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
9.5 14.5 19.5 24.5 29.5 34.5 39.5
There is additional
Lower c.b. '39.5" with
cf equal to 0.
Take Note !!
Ogives
ase: Class Interval
Height: Cumulative Frequency
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
9.5 14.5 19.5 24.5 29.5 34.5 39.5
<cf & Upper c.b.
>cf & Lower c.b.
< Ogive
c.b. <cf >cf
9.5-14.5 3 35
14.5-19.5 9 32
19.5-24.5 21 26
24.5-29.5 28 14
29.5-34.5 32 7
34.5-39.5 35 3
The Contingency Table
This is a table which shows the data
enumerated by cell.
Table 3.5
The Contingency Table for the Opinion of Viewers
on the New TV Program
340 97 127 116 Total
138 40 55 43 Do not like the
program
51 12 16 23 Indifferent
151 45 56 50 Like the program
%otal Children Women Men Choice/Sample