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Controlling the aperture in

prestack phase-shift migration


Zero-offset Phase-shift
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
4 4
s m s
p p p
x v t v t
c c c
+ =
c c c
2
s m
z v t =
2 2
2
1
4
( , , ) ( , 0, )
x s
m
k v
i t
x m x m
P k t P k t e
e
e
e e

= =
Wave equation:
Downward continuation of the
upgoing wavefield(Gazdag, 1978):
Zero-offset Phase-shift
Can also be seen as downward continuation of plane waves with
different propagating directions (Dubrulle, 1983)
2
2
2
( )
2
s m
D m
v t
T x x
v
| |
= +
|
\ .
x D
k dT
m
dx e
= =
Zero-offset Phase-shift
2
2 2
2 2
4
1
4
1
4
s m
m
s
m
D
s
mv t
x x
m v
t
T
m v

2 2
1
4
s
m
m v
t t =
2 2
2
1
4
x s
m
k v
t t
e
=
Intercept:
( )
D m
T m x x t =
Extending to prestack
Prestack phase-shift
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 1 1
, ,
2 2
m s m s
D m m m m
s s
t v t v
T t x x h x x h x x h
v v
| | | |
= + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
2 2
m m D
s s
m s m s
m m
s s
x x h x x h dT
m
dx v v
t v t v
x x h x x h
v v
| | | |
| |
+ | |
= = +
| |
| | | |
| |
+ + +
| |
| |
\ . \ .
\ . \ .
( )
D m
T m x x t =
Prestack phase-shift
1. 2D Fourier Transform
2. Phase shift
3. Apply imaging condition (t=0) and 1D inverse Fourier Transform
( )
( )
, 0, , ( , 0, , )e
x
i t k x
x m m
P k t h p x t t h dtdx
e
e

= = =
}}
( )
, 0, , e
i
x m
P k t h
et
e

=
( )
D m
T m x x t =
( ) ( )
2
1
, , 0, , 0, , e
2
x m
ik x i
m m x m x
p x t t h P k t h e d dk
et
e e
t

| |
= = =
|
\ .
}}
Controlling the aperture
How to decide the maximum slowness m ?
2
max
max
2
1
m
s
t
m
v t
| |
=
|
\ .
When data recording time is limited:
max
0 t t s s
Levin(1984)
Mmax Is the maximum slowness for zero-offset FK migration
Non-zero offset
Extending to non-zero offset (Ekren & Ursin, 1999):
max
( , , )
D m m
T t x x h t =
( )
2
max
max
max0
1
2
s m
m
v t t
x x X
t
| |
= =
|
\ .
2
2
max0 max
2
s
h
t t
v
| |
=
|
\ .
Non-zero offset
max
2
s
m A
v
=
Maximum slowness for non-zero offset:
2 2 2 2 2 2
4( ) 4( )
s m s m
X h X h
A
X h v t X h v t
+
= +
+ + +
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
2 2
m m D
s s
m s m s
m m
s s
x x h x x h dT
m
dx v v
t v t v
x x h x x h
v v
| | | |
| |
+ | |
= = +
| |
| | | |
| |
+ + +
| |
| |
\ . \ .
\ . \ .
Impulse responses
Offset=0m
Constant aperture
(x-xm)max=4000m
Variable aperture
Impulse responses
Offset=1200m
Constant aperture
(x-xm)max=4000m
Variable aperture
Impulse responses
Offset=1600m
Variable aperture Constant aperture
(x-xm)max=4000m
Plot of aperture curves
Plot of Mmax-tm Plot of [x-x0]max-tm
Marmousi
Single offset CO migration result (offset=200m)
Marmousi
Single offset CO migration result (offset=600m)
Marmousi
Single offset CO migration result (offset=1000m)

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