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A first step in addressing ethical dilemmas is to identify the problem and related issues. Some questions to ask yourself during the decisionmaking period to help clarify ethical problems. These questions can help individuals:
Facilitate group discussions Build consensus Serve as an information source Uncover ethical inconsistencies Help a CEO see how managers think Increase the nature and range of choices
A simple but powerful question can be used throughout your decision-making process in solving ethical dilemmas:
What is my motivation for choosing a course of action?
Moral rights are based on legal rights and the principle of duty. Rights can override utilitarian principles. The limitations of rights include:
Can be used to disguise and manipulate selfish, unjust political interests and claims Protection of rights can be at the expense of others Limits of rights come into question
The principle of justice deals with fairness and equality. Two recognized principles of fairness that represent the principle of justice include:
Equal rights compatible with similar liberties for others Social and economic inequality arrangement
Compensatory Retributive Distributive Procedural
Justice, rights, and power are really intertwined. Two steps in transforming justice:
Be aware of your rights and power Establish legitimate power for obtaining rights
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The concept of relating any given decision about right or wrong, true or false to the specific situation at hand. Ethical relativism holds that no universal standards or rules can be used to guide or evaluate the morality of an act. This view argues that people set their own moral standards for judging their actions. This is also referred to as naive relativism. The logic of ethical relativism extends to culture.
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