Dust blowing from Rio Grande channelway, Bolivia

32

Coastal Dunes, Brazil

Interaction of wind, water, and sand Small part of an active dune field on Brazils north coast. Dunes are built by persistent easterly winds off of the equatorial Atlantic and have interspersed freshwater ponds.
33

Hurricane Claudette, along the Gulf Coast of Texas (Category I, 7/15/03)

Solar energy drives wind and water currents on the Earths surface, accounting for circulation patterns, climate, and weather phenomena such as this cyclone.

34

Hurricane Isabel, 9/13/03

Eye of Isabel
35

SUPERCELLS Great Plains, Canada

MONSOONAL Bangladesh and India

THUNDERSTORMS
convection, overshoot tops, outflow, and anvil formation
36

Hydrospheric currents and geologic products

Sediment transport and shoreline features (barrier islands, etc.)

Oyashio Current sea ice, showing southward flow of cold Arctic waters meeting warmer waters to produce spiral eddies that move the sea ice (above)
37

Cape Hatteras, NC

POTENTIAL SOURCES OF BIOGENIC SEDIMENT

(Productive waters that may support regional fisheries)

Algal Whitings, Little Bahama Bank

(Suspensions of lime mud produced by blooms of algae)

Plankton Bloom, Southern Atlantic Ocean

PRODUCED BY MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS 38

BARRIER, PATCH and FRINGING REEFS, and ATOLLS

Bora-Bora, Society Islands, French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean (looking north)

Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia

39

Atolls of the Maldives, Indian Ocean (looking south)

40

Fires, sediment plumes, Borneo

Tierras Bajas deforestation, Bolivia

LARGE-SCALE HUMAN-INDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND CHANGES

Photos show rapid modification of the Earths surface by humans.
41

1985

1992

TROPICAL RAIN FOREST DESTRUCTION

Southern Amazon River Basin, Rondnia, Brazil Photos provide a visual indication of the rate of deforestation occurring. The amount of clear-cut area now exceeds the area of remaining rain forest timber stands.
42

2001

1983

Betsiboka River Delta, Bombetoka Bay, Madagascar Removal of native forest, massive soil losses, rapid delta expansion

43

Etosha Pan, dry salt lake, Namibia

Angola
Namibia

Nation boundary revealed because of differing grazing practices. Soil in Namibia is much more reflective because of de-vegetation due to overgrazing.

44

Israel
Egypt

Mexico

USA

Other international boundaries viewed from Space

45

1985

1992

Aral Sea, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan (top to north)

(~46% water level decrease since 1960; level continues to fall)

Development of agricultural irrigation projects impedes recharge. With reduced fresh water quantities and constant evaporation, the sea has become more saline and shrunk drastically. It has also become polluted with pesticides and fertilizers. 46

Aral Sea, bisected, 2002 (top to northeast)

47

Pivot irrigation, Saudi Arabia, is leading to groundwater depletion from deep aquifers and to further desertification. Water reserves are finite.
Center pivot irrigation systems are ~0.6 mi (1 km) in diameter.
48

Mono Lake, Sierra Nevada, CA Water drawn to supply LA has resulted in lowered lake levels, increased salinity, and an endangered ecosystem.

Las Vegas, NV Rapid urbanization in a desert setting stresses surface and ground water resources.
49

Lake Powell and the Colorado River, Colorado Plateau, UT-AZ

The building of Glen Canyon Dam ushered in the modern environmental movement -- David Brower, Sierra Club

The canyonlands did have a heart, a living heart, and that heart was Glen Canyon and the wild Colorado. -- Edward Abbey

Glen Canyon Dam

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Agricultural landscape, Uzbekistan, 2002

51

LIVING AND WORKING ON FLOOD PLAINS

Transformation of steppe-desert into productive farmlands along Yellow River, NW China (below)

Confluence of the Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois Rivers, post-1993 flood, St Louis area, MO-IL (above)
52

Sunglint and smog layer over Upstate New York (looking

southwest)

Air pollution layer is capped by an atmospheric inversion, marked by top cloud layer.

Po River Valley smog, northern Italy (looking west) The Alps provide a natural barrier to smog migration, thus trapping it in this heavily industrialized area. 53

54

Southern California wildfires, 10/26/03

Fires in San Bernardino Mountains are being driven by Santa Ana winds

Galapagos Islands, Pacific Ocean

SUMMARY

Manicouagan Reservoir Impact Site, Quebec

PHOTOS FROM SPACE:

1. Are excellent observational data to observe Earths dynamic surface and its systems. 2. Document large-scale earth-system processes and interactions. 3. Show natural and human-induced, short-term environmental changes and hazards. 4. Reveal the effects humans have on the Earths environment. 5. Are readily accessible and easily downloadable from various NASA websites.
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56

By using Space Shuttle and International Space Station photographs in the classroom
1. Increases our understanding of how remote sensing is used to document, interpret, and monitor the surface of the Earth. 2. Incorporates a vast, impressive visual resource under-utilized in geoscience education. 3. Provides a valuable, alternative electronic data set that enhances student learning, especially in technology based activities.
(Digital photos from STS-107, Space Shuttle Columbia, before it was lost on 2/1/03)
Dhaulagiri Himal, Nepal

Laguna Superior, Mexico

Tokyo Bay, Japan

THE END
STS 109 landing, 03/12/02

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58

Appendix A Catalog of the Photographs

Slide #
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 8. 8. 9. 9. 9. 10. 10. 10. 11. 11.

Photo description

(position)

Photo # (mission-roll-frame)
STS 107-E-5485 STS 068-150-045 STS 41C-040-2130 STS 106-710-060 STS 51C-143-0032 STS 108-S-013 AS 11-44-6549 STS 109-E-5247 STS 066-208-025 STS 101-717-004 STS 101-706-022 STS 108-371-019 STS 108-371-031 STS 095-743-033 ISS 004-E-10288 STS 059-225-044 STS 41B-041-2347 STS 058-081-038 STS 028-097-085 STS 068-273-033 STS 112-707-043 STS 107-E-5689 STS 064-116-064 ISS 005-E-19024 STS 068-214-043 STS 046-075-079A STS 062-100-195
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Earth limb, sun, windows (C) Klyuchevskaya, volcano, Russia (uL) Frontal system (lL) Cape Cod, MA (uR) Southern Florida (lR) Shuttle blast off (R) Earth rise (L) Astronaut (inset) Mt. Everest, Himalaya (uR) Nile River delta (uL) Von Karman vortices, Canary Islands (lL) Cosmonaut with camera (uL) International Space Station (uR) Florida Peninsula San Francisco Bay area Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (L & R) Thunderstorms (lL) New York City area, NY (lC) St. Elias Mountains, AK (lR) Klyuchevskaya volcano, Russia (L) Yellowstone area, WY-ID-MT (R) Mt. Fujiyama, Japan (lL) Rabaul volcano, New Britain (uL) Mt. Etna, Sicily (lL) Klyuchevskaya volcano, Russia (uR) Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines (L) Jemez Mountains, NM (R)

Slide # Photo description (position)

12. 12. 13. 14. 14. 15. 15. 16. 17. 18. 18. 18. 19. 19. 20. 20. 21. 21. 22. 22. 22. 22. 23. 24. 25. 25. 26. 27. 27. 28. Cascades, WA (R) Mt. St. Helens, WA, post-1980 eruption (L) Pacific Northwest Big Island of Hawaii (L) Mauna Loa and Kilauea, HI (R) Himalaya (uL) Himalaya and Tibet Plateau (R) Mt. Everest Canadian Rockies Blue Ridge and Shenandoah, VA (L) Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico (uR) Susquehenna Valley, PA (lR) Pt. Reyes, CA (L) Owens Valley, CA (R) Central Sierra, CA-NV (L) Northern Sierra, CA-NV (R) San Francisco Bay Area, CA (L) Los Angeles Basin, CA (R) Ganges River delta (uL) Mississippi River delta (lL) Parana and Paraguay Rivers, Argentina (uR) Brahmaputra River braids (lR) Mississippi River delta region Rio de la Plata, Argentina-Uruguay Grand Canyon, AZ, with snow (L) Upsala Glacier, Argentina (R) Malaspina Glacier, AK Fjorded coastline, Greenland (uL) Raised shorelines, James Bay, Canada (R) Iceberg, South Atlantic Ocean

Photo # (mission-roll-frame)
STS 085-707-055 STS 064-051-025 ISS 004-E-10921 STS 61A-050-0057 STS 051-102-085 STS 41G-120-0022 STS 076-727-080 ISS 008-E-6150 STS 028-074-070 STS 062-104-029 STS 080-704-022 STS 068-173-103 STS 073-726-004 STS 058-073-083 STS 040-077-057 STS 040-609-040 STS 062-098-156 STS 060-114-080 STS 087-707-092 STS 062-081-065 STS 41B-042-2483 ISS 003-ESC-6632 STS 51C-143-0027 ISS 008-E-5983 STS 060-083-005 ISS 004-E-7700 STS 028-097-081 STS 085-713-074 STS 099-706-090 STS 048-073-00Q

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Slide # Photo description (position)

29. 29. 30. 30. 30. 31. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 35. 36. 36. 37. 37. 38. 38. 39. 39. 40. 41. 41. 42. 42. 43. 43. 44. 45. 45. Lake Poopo, Bolivia, 1990 (L) Lake Poopo, Bolivia, 1995 (lR) Kara-Bogaz Gol, Caspian Sea, 1995 (L) Kara-Bogaz Gol, Caspian Sea, 1985 (lR) Kara-Bogaz Gol, Caspian Sea, inlet (inset) Dust blow, Mauritania (L) Namib Desert, Namibia (R) Rio Grande dust plumes, Bolivia coastal dunes, Brazil Hurricane Claudette, Gulf Coast, TX Hurricane Isabel eye of Isabel (inset) Supercell thunderstorms, Canada (L) Monsoonal thunderstorms, Bangladesh & India (R) Oyashio Current sea ice (uL) Cape Hatteras, NC (R) Plankton bloom, South Atlantic Ocean (L) Algal whitings, Little Bahama Bank (R) Great Barrier Reef, Australia (L) Bora-Bora, Pacific Ocean (uR) Maldives, Indian Ocean Fires, sediment plumes, Borneo (L) Radial deforestation, Tierras Bajas, Bolivia (R) Deforestation, Rondonia Brazil, 1985 (L) Deforestation, Rondonia, Brazil, 1992 (R) Betsiboka River delta, Madagascar, 1983 (lL) Betsiboka River delta, Madagscar, 2001 (uR) Etosha Pan, Namibia-Angola Egypt-Israel border (L) USA (CA)-Mexico border (R)

Photo # (mission-roll-frame)
STS 032-088-069 STS 073-735-047 STS 073-701-033 STS 51F-040-0064 STS 111-E-5485 STS 103-734-020 STS 103-732-005 ISS 004-715-040 ISS 007-E-15177 ISS 007-E-10244 ISS 007-E-14750 ISS 007-E-14745 STS 064-205-050 STS 51F-031-069 STS 045-079-00N STS 034-083-069 STS 088-720-020 STS 088-719-029 STS 046-077-031 STS 068-258-042 STS 056-152-160 STS 093-708-062 ISS 002-ESC-5654 STS 51G-034-060 STS 046-078-026 STS 007-003-058 ISS 003-ESC-5073 STS 51G-046-078 STS 111-712-008 STS 111-E-5224

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Slide # Photo description (position)

46. 46. 47. 48. 49. 49. 50. 50. 51. 52. 52. 53. 53. 54. 55. 55. 56. 56. 56. 57. 58. Aral Sea, 1985 (L) Aral Sea, 1992 (R) Aral Sea, bisected, 2002 Pivot irrigation, Saudi Arabia Mono Lake, Sierra Nevada, CA (L) Las Vegas area, NV (R) Lake Powell, UT-AZ Glen Canyon Dam (inset) agricultural landscape, Uzbekistan St. Louis area, MO (L) Yellow River, NW China (R) Po River Valley smog, Italy (uL) Smog layer, Upstate NY (lR) southern California wildfires, 2003 Galapagos Islands, Pacific Ocean (uL) Manicouagan Reservoir, Quebec (uR) Laguna Superior, Mexico (lL) Tokyo Harbor, Japan (lC) Dhaulagiri Himal, Nepal (lR) STS 109 (Space Shuttle) landing Blue Marble, whole Earth (R)

Photo # (mission-roll-frame)
STS 051F-036-059 STS 047-079-083 STS 112-703-157 STS 083-747-033 STS 41G-044-019 STS 073-706-020 ISS 003-E-7751 ISS 006-E-28359 STS 111-340-017 STS 062-081-002 STS 068-239-083 NASA 6-703-044 STS 092-713-032 ISS 007-E-18088 STS 099-753-032 STS 099-749-063 STS 107-E-5180 STS 107-E-5240 STS 107-E-5308 KSC 02PD-0264 AS 17-148-22721

Position of Photograph on the Slide: L = left; R = right; uL = upper left; lL = lower left; uR = upper right; lR = lower right; C = center; inset = within other photo; lC = lower center
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