MMTI Literature Review

FORMULATION OF FRAMEWORK AND GUIDELINES FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB
Study Area: Sealdah Interchange, Kolkata
Literature Review
Gargi Ghosh 10 AR 60 R08 Under the guidance of: Prof. Debapratim
M U LT I M O D A L T R A N S P O R T H U B
A multimodal journey:
A multimodal transport hub facilitates-
INTEGRATION OF MODES
R a i l f a c i l i t i e s Bus facilities Water facilities Air facilities
INTERCHANGE BETWEEN MODES

Passenger waiting area Commercial facilities Ticketing offices Parking facilities Vertical and horizontal passenger link.
FORMULATION OF FRAMEWORK & GUIDELINES FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB: Study Area: Sealdah Interchange, Kolkata
M U LT I M O D A L H U B :
Issues in Kolkata scenario
TOLLYGUNJ BUS DEPOT TOLLYGUNJ METRO
AUTO STANDS TOLLYGUNJ TRAM DEPOT
TOLLYGUNJ METRO
FORMULATION OF FRAMEWORK & GUIDELINES FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB: Case Study East West Metro Corridor, Kolkata
OBJECTIVES
To enable the establishment of quality focused multimodal transport system to provide a single journey experience i.e. to plan for seamless travel
To co-coordinate the use of different modes and their proper integration to decongest road, reduce journey time, enhance environment, provide greater convenience for commuters & for efficiency and cost effectiveness.
LITERATURE REVIEW
BASIC TYPOLOGY OF EXISTING RESEARCH:

PRELIMINARY APPROACH : EVALUATION Study on interchange site and catchment area
Parameters of interchange
Barriers of interchange
LEVEL OF SERVICE APPROACH
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS APPROACH
Prioritizing and ranking of parameters

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS APPROACH
LEVEL OF SERVICE APPROACH
LOS values Gap analysis of opinions Arrive at stable priorities for development
Methodology for planning process
Estimation of demand response for variation in interchange factors/barriers
Recommendation of guidelines for transport infrastructure and planning
Design standards / recommendation
B A S I C A S P E C T S O F L I T E R AT U R E R E V I E W :
1 2 3 4
DEFINITIONS
THEORY OF INTERCHANGE
INTERCHANGE AND UTILITY OF TRAVEL

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTERCHANGE PARAMETERS STUDY OF SURVEYS UNDERTAKEN STUDY OF DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES
Parameters to be studied Surveys to be undertaken Data analysis methodology
5
6
6
METHODOLOGY OF WORK
Domain of work
L I T E R AT U R E R E V I E W E D :
Group for Urban Interchanges Development and Evaluation (GUIDE) URBAN INTERCHANGES - a good practice guide:
Study confined to interchange area European context Lists out the barriers to interchange through expert opinion and literature study Ways of improving interchange experience
Cost effective interchange level proposals
Study on Mobility, Intermodality and Interchanges (MIMIC) Study on interchange and catchment area 30 European interchanges of four scales Classification, ranking of interchange barriers survey at the interchange site
Estimation of demand response logit model
Interchange specific proposals
PIRATE: Study on interchange and catchment area a sample of 22 European interchanges Derives values for LOS from users and operators survey at the 22 interchange sites
Lists out the parameters of interchange based on EU transport policy
Provides methodology for planning approach
Multi Modal Transportation System Planning and Design- unpublished PhD Thesis
Study on Delhi MMTS interchange as a component
Lists out the parameters of MMTS
Provides methodology for planning approach
A study of intermodal transport Coordination and its contribution to Sustainable urban transportation In Hong Kong: unpublished dissertation ,Lui Kwok Wai, William
Study on interchange and catchment area Hong Kong context
Public transport policies in Hong Kong
Derives values for LOS for public transport interchanges
Recommendations for intermodality contributing to sustainability
An analysis of Transport Interchanges in west rail unpublished dissertation work MAK Steven Chi Fai:
Study on interchange and west rail network Hong Kong
Specifies evaluation process for interchanges
Evaluates interchanges in west rail link
DEFINING AN INTERCHANGE:
The word interchanges can have with two meanings:
It can describe the action of interchanging, as undertaken by passengers as part of a journey (sometimes termed transfer)
But it can also mean a location where interchange takes place.
Source GUIDE
Public Transit Interchange is a location where passengers transfer from one mode of transport to another, or between two services of the same mode. An interchange can mean three things:
the act of changing between mode interchange the place where one changes between modes interchange zone a purpose-built facility to improve interchange quality interchange facility
Source: The Intermodal Transport Interchange for London - Best Practice Guidelines (Tfl et al, January 2001
THEORY OF INTERCHANGE:
Public transport works by concentrating passengers onto selected corridors, and inevitably this leaves some journeys without a direct connection. So interchange is a necessary evil when it comes to providing comprehensive linkages within an urban area.
We regard the utility of having to interchange (Uint) as having three principal components:
a requirement to interchange (I) which has a penalty associated with it () independent of the amount of time spent interchanging the time spent transferring between vehicles (TT) with a weight the time spent waiting for the connection (W) with a weight
Expressed as a linear-additive function, this utility of interchange is:
U = I + TT + w + 0
U T I L I T Y E Q U AT I O N :
So utility of travel can be expressed as:
Ui = Uint + U rest +
Urest denotes the utility associated with the travel attributes which influence choice other than those contained in Uint If Urest is considered to be a function of simply in-vehicle time and cost, then utility of travel can be expressed as :
Ui = Ii + TTi + Wi + Ci + Ti + 1
UTILITY E Q U AT I O N :
Ui = Ii + TTi + Wi + Ci + Ti + 1
(ii) Transfer Time Value (iii) Wait Time Value
(i) Interchange penalty I =0 + 1 E(W)+ 2E(A)+ 3PJ+ 4NL + 5 TC 0 = Fixed level of penalty E(W), E(A) = additional waiting time PJ = position in journey where interchange occurs NL= non linear effects TC= transaction cost of interchange
TT
Amount of transfer time
Nature of transfer Transfer environment (iii) Cost Value C Cost of a single mode journey Cost to interchange
Security of interchange Ability to engage in worthwhile activities
(iii) In-vehicle time Value
T
amount of time in vehicle cost of travel
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARAMETERS
C O M A PA R AT I V E S T U D Y O F PA R A M E T E R S :
The parameters of study have been catergorised under the following heads:
1 2 3 4 5
LOCAL PLANNING AND LAND USE L O G I S T I C S A N D O P E R AT I O N A L PHYSICAL DESIGN I N F O R M AT I O N OVERALL PERFORMANCE
PARAMETERS PIRATE Location and overall accessibility entrance accessibility MIMIC HONGKONG STUDY UTILITY FUNCTION DELHI MMTS PARAMETERS FOR STUDY
LOCAL PLANNING AND LANDUSE
Rail- street Pedestrian linkages movement ease Accessibility local roads Existence of Cycle tracks No conflicting vehicular and pedestrian flows Cycle storage facility Reliable feeder services High density pick up points rail-PTI movement ease PTI- rail movement ease Street- street movement ease Catchment area < 500m
Entrance accessibility
Legibility of interchange movement pattern zone Rail-street movement ease
Ease of access
Ease of egress passenger flow adequate capacity
Rail-PTI movement ease Street- street movement ease Pedestrian linkage to catchment area
Parking availability Segregation of Bus & Cab & taxi services passengers segregation of modes
parking location
Parking areas
Conflict among modes Walking distance inside & outside interchange
PARAMETERS PIRATE MIMIC Frequency of service HONGKONG STUDY UTILITY FUNCTION DELHI MMTS PARAMETERS FOR STUDY Network connectivity between modes Time synchronised operation between modes Frequency of service
Taxi provision
Public transport Connectivity operational provision between modes integration Operation Time Bus availability synchronization Frequency of Tram availability modes Non -road based public transport Waiting time bicycle parking PTI part of real station bicycle storage transfer facility parking capacity physical integration network integration
LOGISTIC AND OPERATIONAL Overall quality Waiting time

Car parking Cost of interchange Unified ticketing system
Queuing time personal safety property safety
peak utilization of mode Waiting time Unified ticketing feeder services system Feeder services Peak utilization of modes Distribution network Pedestrian Transfer facility
Drop off/ Pick up
max accumulation
PARAMETERS PIRATE MIMIC HONGKONG STUDY UTILITY FUNCTION DELHI MMTS PARAMETERS FOR STUDY
PHYSICAL DESIGN
Security Equipment Surveillance Ticketing Automated ticket vending machines Commercial facilities shopping facilities Car & bike rentals
Functionality Aesthetic design
Single level services Toilets
Interchange environment Designing for security
subways transfer facilities
Connectivity between levels legibility of layout waiting areas
Walking Distances Seating areas Protected walkways Level change Ramp availability Elevator availability Overall lighting of 120-15o lux
ease of access ease of egress transfer between levels Ticket vending machines Disabled access queuing space
waiting facilities Lift availability Safety waiting waiting rooms areas guide routes for toilets blinds catering Disabled access
PARAMETERS PIRATE MIMIC HONGKONG STUDY UTILITY FUNCTION DELHI MMTS PARAMETERS FOR STUDY Integrated OVERALL interchange PERFORMANCE Safety & security management Image of personal safety interchange
Integrated
safety passenger perception of comfort
real time information
Integration
property safety Urban Setting Efficiency Functionality
capacity Minimize walking distance Safety Passenger facilities Security personnel
pedestrian safety Efficiency
Property safety Functionality Integrated interchange management Easy layout Pedestrian safety Urban setting Shops and retail services
coordination Efficiency operation Information Placement Legibility
Cleanliness Shops and retail services Cost of travel
PARAMETERS PIRATE MIMIC HONGKONG STUDY UTILITY FUNCTION DELHI MMTS PARAMETERS FOR STUDY
Multi level car parking Drop off area
stacking areas pedestrian pathways no conflict among modes loading areas Walking distance less than 500m weather protected link peripheral sawtoothed bus bay
Weather protected link Drop off area Parking areas Peripheral bus bay Bus stop performance
C.
Real time INFORMATION information Total Travel time
Pre- trip information Real time information
CCTV Maps
Pre-trip information Travel time information
PA R A M E T E R S U N D E R S C O P E O F LOCAL PLANNING AND LOGISTICAL AND S T U D Y:

LANDUSE Entrance accessibility OPERATIONAL Network connectivity between modes Time synchronised operation between modes PHYSICAL DESIGN Connectivity between levels
OVERALL PERFORMANCE INFORMATION Integration with urban setting Pre-trip information Efficiency of interchnage Property safety Functionality Integrated interchange management Easy layout Pedestrian safety Urban setting Shops and retail services
Legibility Rail-street movement Rail PTI movement
legibility of layout waiting areas ease of access
Travel time information
Frequency of service waiting time
Street- street movement Unified ticketing system ease of egress Pedestrian linkage to catchment area feeder services transfer between levels Ticket vending conflict among modes Peak utilization of modes machines Walking distance Weather protected link Drop off area Parking areas Distribution network Disabled access queuing space
Peripheral bus bay Bus stop performance FORMULATION OF FRAMEWORK & GUIDELINES FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB: Study Area: Sealdah Interchange, Kolkata
DOMAIN OF WORK
BROAD STUDY DOMAINS

BUILT FACILITY DESIGN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT PLANNING
EFFICIENT DESIGN PROPERTY SAFETY LEGIBILITY OF LAYOUT
INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE MGMT PRE- TRIP INFORMATION REAL TIME INFORMATION
FEEDER ROUTES TIME SYNCHRONISED OPERATION NETWORK CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN MODES
DISABLED ACCESS
ENTRANCE ACCESSIBILITY RETAIL SERVICES WEATHER PROTECTED LINK TICKET VENDING MACHINES WAITING AREA QUEUING SPACE EASE OF ACCESS/EGRESS CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN LEVELS
PEDESTRIAN LINKAGE TO CATCHMENT AREA

PARKING/DROP OFF AREA BUS BAYS UNIFIED TICKETING SYSTEM
FREQUENCY OF SERVICE
PEAK UTILIZATION OF MODES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK PEDESTRIAN FLOWS INTEGRATION VOLUME OF INTERCHANGE TRANSFER STAGE LINE HAUL STAGE
STUDY TOOLS & DATA ANALYSIS PROCESSES
STUDY TOOLS: MIMIC

INTERCHANGE SITE & CATCHMENT AREA
Questionnaire on catchment area GIS mapping
BARRIERS OF INTERMODALITY DELINEATION OF CATCHMENT AREA CLASSIFICATION OF BARRIERS
USER & EXPERT SURVEY for Trip factors Individual factors Interchange factors INTERCHANGE DECONSTRUCTI ON MICRO SIMULATION ON SITE SURVEY
NESTED LOGIT MODEL
CHANGE IN DEMAND RESPONSE FOR VARIATION IN FACTORS
COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR EACH BARRIER CATEGORY

S T U D Y O N D ATA A N A LY S I S P R O C E S S E S : G A P
A N A LY S I S
AIM TOOLS USER AND EXPERT SURVEY on Trip factors BARRIER Interchange factors IDENTIFICATIO Individual factors N INTERCHANGE DECONSTRUCTION marking ranking for visual profiling matrices importance energy, distance, time matrices MICROSIMULATION MODEL
DATA ANALYSIS
Calculation of mean marks:
m(i) = Mj(i) nni

Mj(i) is the mark given to factor i by individual j; i = 1,...,K is the generic factor considered, with K the total number of door-to-door factors listed in the questionnaires; j = 1,...,n is the generic individual interviewed, with n the total number of interviewees; ni is the number of interviewees who circled an N in the question referring to factor i.
Totally unimportant 1
Moderately Important 5
Extremely important 9
S T U D Y O N D ATA A N A LY S I S P R O C VISUALE S : I n t e rMATRICESD e c o n s t r u c t iTIME, ENERGY, DISTANCE MATRICES E S S PROFILING c h a n g e on

Dist (m) Horizontal walking ( outside) Horizontal walking ( inside) Horizontal walking ( platform distance) Stairs (up) Stairs(down) 200 Spee d (m/s) 1.34 Time (s) Energ y (J)
149.2 52.1
50
1.34
37.3
13.0
10
1.34
7.5
2.6
3.5
.30 .34
11.7 12.1
10.9 6.0
R ramps H handrails
B barriers P - Pavement obstacle
S T U D Y O N D ATA A N A LY S I S P R O C E S S E S : M I C R O S I M U L AT I O N
A simulation is a technique for using computers to imitate, or simulate, the operations of various kinds of real-world facilities or processes.
It looks at the interaction of individual "units" such as people or vehicles AGENT BASED APPROACH Each unit is treated as an autonomous entity and the interaction of the units is allowed vary depending on stochastic
(randomized) parameters
each unit is represented by a record containing a unique identifier and a set of
associated attributes e.g. a list of

vehicles with known origins, destinations
and operational characteristics
S T U D Y T O O L S : P I R AT E
INTERCHANGE AREA PARAMETR SELECTION
Priority rating by user group
PRIORITISING THE PARAMETERS User perspecti ve QUALITY OF SEVRVICE Operator perspecti ve
Priority rating by expert group
Perceived QoS Desired QoS

Minimum QoS
Targeted QoS
Delivered QoS
GAP ANALYSIS
Demand Supply analysis

PROPOSAL FOR INTERCHANGE IMPROVEMENT
Establishing Stable priorities using SD and mean mark
S T U D Y O N D ATA A N A LY S I S P R O C E S S E S : L O S
10
PRIORITISATION OF PARAMETERS INTERCHANGE PERFORMANCE perceived quality of service delivered quality of service desired quality of service targeted quality of service min acceptable quality of service
USER GROUP SURVEY: UG 1: W+R, P+R, R+R, C+R UG2: Non users
9 8 7 Importance 6 5 4 3 2
UNDER PROVISIONED
OVER PROVISIONED
1 0
0 2 4 6 Perceived LOS 8 10
EXPERT GROUP SURVEY PG1: operators
I>LOS = Under provision I<LOS = Over provision

Totally unimportant Moderately Important Extremely important
PG2:Planners and administrative machinery
1 Totally displeased
Moderately satisfied
Very pleased
A N A LY S I S
USER GROUPS Gender wise EXPERT GROUPS Operator - planner Priority, Perceived QoS, Expected QoS ,Minimum QoS Age wise Delivered QoS, Targeted QoS Mode wise
High SD = less probability of the issue to be solved Consistently high mean value for priority = More stable a candidate for development
3.5 3 2.5 2 4
UG1
3 UG2 PG1 2 PG1
1.5 1 0.5 0 PG1-UG1 PG1-UG1 UG1-UG2 PG1-PG2 PG2-UG1 PG2-UG2 feeder routes Walking distance
0 feeder routes Walking distance Unified Ticketing waiting time
Gap in mean value for parameter priority
Gap in SD value between groups for parameter priority
A N A LY S I S
perceived LoS delivered LoS desired LoS targeted LoS min acceptable LoS
MIN LOS
TARGETED LOS (OPERATOR) DESIRED LOS (USER) PERCEIVED LOS (USER)
GAP
? WILLINGNESS TO PAY USER ? SUBSIDIES - GOVERNMENT
OPTIMUM VALUES OF LOS
GUIDELINES & FRAMEWORK

INFERENCES RELEVANT TO STUDY AREA
FORMULATION OF FRAMEWORK & GUIDELINES FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB: Study Area: Sealdah Interchange, Kolkata FORMULATION OF FRAMEWORK & GUIDELINES FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB: Case Study East West Metro Corridor, Kolkata
G U I D E L I N E F O R M AT I O N :
STUDY
FORMATION OF GUIDELINES
IMPLEMENTATION OF GUIDELINES
To derive the LOS values for interchange, user and expert survey would be conducted at: DUMDUM INTERCHANGE
Suburban railway, bus, metro line, paratransit & pedestrian flow

T O L LY G U N J I N T E R C H A N G E
Terminal metro station, bus, pedestrian & paratransit flows

SEALDAH INTERCHANGE
Terminal suburban railway station, bus, pedestrian, paratransit flow & future metro
INFERENCE:
Methodology
SHORTLISTING OF PARAMETERS ( BARRIERS & ATTRACTION) under TRANSPORT INFRA. & PLNG
perceived LoS delivered LoS desired LoS targeted LoS min acceptable LoS
SURVEY FOR SATISFACTION (USER + EXPERT)
SURVEY FOR PRIORITISATION OF PARAMETERS ( USER+ EXPERT)
SURVEY OF OPERATORS FOR CATCHMENT AREA
DERIVING LEVEL OF SERVICE VALUES
GAP ANALYSIS USER SURVEY FOR WILLINGNESS TO PAY ARRIVING AT OPTIMUM LEVELS FROM DEMAND SUPPLY & COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
GENERAL FRAMEWORK AND GUIDELINES

FORMULATION OF FRAMEWORK & GUIDELINES FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB: Case Study East West Metro Corridor, Kolkata
SEALDAH INTERCHANGE
Transport modes at the interchange:
1. 2. 3. 4.
S U B R U R B A N R A I L W AY S BUS TRANSIT PA R AT R A N S I T M E T R O (upcoming)
Major issues at the interchange:
Conflict of flows Congestion Pedestrian safety Parking space
Application of the formulated guidelines

Detailed planning of selected parameters
REFERENCES
1. Terzis, G (2000) GUIDE: Group for Urban Interchanges Development and Evaluation , MVA Consultants
2. Coccia Enzo (2002), PIRATE

3. Wardman Mark, Hine Julian, Stradling Stephen (2001), Interchange and Travel Choice, Vol-1, Vol-2., DETR 4. South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (2001), MIMIC: Mobility, Intermodality and
Interchange, EU Commission under Transport

5. A study of intermodal transport Coordination and its contribution to Sustainable urban transportation In Hong Kong (2001), Lui Kwok Wai, William, unpublished dissertation work. 6. Singh Y.P. (2002), Performance of Kolkata Metro railway: A case study. CODATUX Pa., 337 342.
7. KMDA. Master Plan for Traffic & Transportation for Kolkata Metropolitan Area - 2025, Report.
8. C. Jotin Khisti, B. Kent Lall, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, Transportation Engineering An Introduction
END..

MMTI Literature Review

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FORMULATION OF FRAMEWORK AND GUIDELINES FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT HUB

Study Area: Sealdah Interchange, Kolkata

A multimodal transport hub facilitates-

INTERCHANGE BETWEEN MODES

Issues in Kolkata scenario

TOLLYGUNJ BUS DEPOT TOLLYGUNJ METRO

AUTO STANDS TOLLYGUNJ TRAM DEPOT

BASIC TYPOLOGY OF EXISTING RESEARCH:

LEVEL OF SERVICE APPROACH

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS APPROACH

Prioritizing and ranking of parameters

LEVEL OF SERVICE APPROACH

Methodology for planning process

Estimation of demand response for variation in interchange factors/barriers

Recommendation of guidelines for transport infrastructure and planning

Design standards / recommendation

INTERCHANGE AND UTILITY OF TRAVEL

Parameters to be studied Surveys to be undertaken Data analysis methodology

Cost effective interchange level proposals

Estimation of demand response logit model

Interchange specific proposals

Lists out the parameters of interchange based on EU transport policy

Provides methodology for planning approach

Study on Delhi MMTS interchange as a component

Lists out the parameters of MMTS

Provides methodology for planning approach

Study on interchange and catchment area Hong Kong context

Public transport policies in Hong Kong

Derives values for LOS for public transport interchanges

Recommendations for intermodality contributing to sustainability

Study on interchange and west rail network Hong Kong

Specifies evaluation process for interchanges

Evaluates interchanges in west rail link

Expressed as a linear-additive function, this utility of interchange is:

Security of interchange Ability to engage in worthwhile activities

(iii) In-vehicle time Value

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARAMETERS

LOCAL PLANNING AND LAND USE L O G I S T I C S A N D O P E R AT I O N A L PHYSICAL DESIGN I N F O R M AT I O N OVERALL PERFORMANCE

LOCAL PLANNING AND LANDUSE

Legibility of interchange movement pattern zone Rail-street movement ease

Ease of egress passenger flow adequate capacity

Conflict among modes Walking distance inside & outside interchange

LOGISTIC AND OPERATIONAL Overall quality Waiting time

Queuing time personal safety property safety

Drop off/ Pick up

Functionality Aesthetic design

Single level services Toilets

Interchange environment Designing for security

subways transfer facilities

Connectivity between levels legibility of layout waiting areas

safety passenger perception of comfort

real time information

property safety Urban Setting Efficiency Functionality

capacity Minimize walking distance Safety Passenger facilities Security personnel

pedestrian safety Efficiency

coordination Efficiency operation Information Placement Legibility

Cleanliness Shops and retail services Cost of travel

Multi level car parking Drop off area

Real time INFORMATION information Total Travel time

Pre- trip information Real time information

Pre-trip information Travel time information

PA R A M E T E R S U N D E R S C O P E O F LOCAL PLANNING AND LOGISTICAL AND S T U D Y:

Legibility Rail-street movement Rail PTI movement