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CONCEPT MAP
QUANTITIES
UNITS
DIMENSION MEASUREMENT
SIGNIFICANT DIGITS
BASE QUANTITIES
DERIVED QUANTITIES
LENGTH
MASS
TIME
objective
To analysis quantities and units in physics. To differ between base quantities and
derived quantities. To determine SI from base quantities and derived quantities.
Base Quantities.
The unit in which these quantities are measured
Prefixes
Prefixes are used to change SI units by power of 10
Multiplier
Scientific Notatio n
10-15 10-12 10-9 10-6 10-3 10-2 10-1
Example
f p n m c d
1/1 000 000 000 000 000 1/1 000 000 000 000 1/1 000 000 000 1/1 000 000 1/1 000 1/100 1/10
Femtosecond (fs) picometer (pm) nanometer (nm) microgram (g) milligram (mg) centimeter (cm) deciliter (dL)
kilo
mega giga
k
M G
1000
1 000 000 1 000 000 000
103
106 109
Kilometer (km)
megagram (Mg) Gigameter (Gm)
tera
1012
Terameter (Tm)
SI Base Quantities
Base Quantities Length Mass Time Temperature Amount of Substance Electric Current Luminous Intensity Base Unit meter kilogram second Kelvin mole ampere candela Symbol m kg s K mol A cd
Objectives
To use common metric prefixes. To distinguish between accuracy and prescision To indicate the precision of measured quantities with significant digit To perform arytmatic operations with significan digits
Measurement is
Mx
n 10
Significant Digits
The valid digits in a measurement are called the significant digits.
The number of significant digits in measurement is an indication of the precision with which the measurement was taken.
Precision
Precision describes the degree of exactness of a measurement. Precision depends on the instrument used to make the measurement
Accuracy
Accuracy describes how well the results of an experiment agree with the standard value.
= 3.8 x 10-6 kg
Strategy : multiply the values of M and add the exponents, n. Muliply the unit
8 10 m 3 2 2 10 m
6 3
Strategy : divide the values of M and substract the exponent of the divisor from the exponent of th dividend.
8 10 m 8 6( 3) 3 2 9 10 m 4 10 m 3 2 2 10 m 2
6 3
Strategy :The less precise factor contains three significant digits. State the answer in three significant digits. Calculations: