Matter and Change

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What is the Matter?

Matter = Stuff
Anything that takes up space (mass and

volume)

Everything in and around you.

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Describing Matter
Extensive Properties
Depends on the amount of matter in the

sample.

Mass and Volume

Intensive Properties
Depends on the type of matter. Color, Texture, Hardness

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Describing Matter
We use physical properties to identify

substances:
Color

State @ RT (200C)

Melting Point Boiling Point

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States of Matter
Solids
Definite Shape Definite Volume Atoms stay in place in orderly structures.

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States of Matter
Liquids
Takes shape of Container Definite Volume Atoms slide past each other

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States of Matter
Gases
Takes any shape Fills any volume Atoms break free of each other moving too

quickly to bond.

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States of Matter

Classi cal

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Mixtures
A mixture is a physical blend of two or

more components.

Mixtures can vary in composition Mixtures can be separated based on physical

properties

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Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixture
Parts are not evenly distributed. Composition not Uniform Two or more phases

Homogeneous Mixture
Parts are evenly distributed throughout Composition is Uniform Single Phase throughout
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Mixtures
Brass = Cu Colloids + Zn Mixed but not dissolved
Scatters Light

Solutions
Solute dissolves into the solvent Mostly Liquids Alloys = metal solutions

Bronze = Cu 5/5/12 + Sn

Separating Mixtures
Filtration
Separates an solid from a liquid Based on the size of the particles

Distillation
Separates liquid solutions Based on boiling points

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Elements
Pure substances with unique properties.
Simplest form of matter Cannot be broken down chemically Composed of Atoms

90 elements found on Earth

Shown on the Periodic Table

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Elements Quizzes!
Monday will be your first ELEMENTS QUIZ! For elements 1-20, you must know:
The Number The Symbol

H L i N a K

The Name

B e M C g

H B C N O F e N A S P S C e A l i l r
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Compounds
Pure substance that contains two or more

elements in fixed proportions.

Composed of molecules

Can be broken down by chemical means

Compounds have properties different from

their components.

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Writing Out Elements and Compounds

elements.
One or two letters Based on the Latin

Chemical Symbols represent the different

Chemical Formulas represent Compounds

Combines two or more symbols

CCoC C6H1 u 2O6 S N NaCl

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Subscript numbers show the number of atoms

for each element.

P aK KMnO

Physical Changes
Properties of the material change, but the

material doesnt!

Irreversible (Cutting/Tearing) Reversible (Phase Changes)

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Phase Changes
Melt (Solid Liquid) Freeze (Liquid Solid) Boil (Liquid Gas) Condense (Gas

Liquid)

Sublime (Solid Gas)

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Chemical Reactions
During a chemical change, the composition

of matter changes.

Iron rusts into Iron Oxide Gasoline burns into Carbon Dioxide and Water

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Chemical Reactions
Displayed as a Chemical Equation

Reactants Products
Signs of Chemical Changes:
Transfer of Energy (Heat) Change in Color Production of a Gas Formation of a Precipitate (solid that settles

from liquid solution).

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Conservation of Mass
During any chemical reaction, the mass of

the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Matter can only be changed.

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