Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment

Provide a barrier between you and the chemical Chemical Protective Equipment (CPE)
Level A - vapor w/SCBA (encapsulating suits) Level B - splash w/SCBA (cover skin) Level C - splash w/APR (MMRS Program) Level D - normal work clothes

Supplied Air Systems

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

Positive Pressure Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

Advantages: Provides highest level of protection against airborne contaminates and oxygen deficiency Limitations: Bulky and heavy Limited air supply limits work duration May impair movement in confined spaces Unknown resistance to chemicals

Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator

Connected to a manifold which is supplied by two or more tanks Possibility of unlimited air supply Less bulky with a longer work time Protects against airborne contaminates to the same level as PP SCBA

Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator

Air line impairs mobility and limited to 300 feet (OSHA/NIOSH) Air line is vulnerable to damage, degradation, or mechanical decontamination where decontamination might prove difficult. Exit as you entered. Requires supervision / monitoring of air supply and lines. Not approved for IDLH atmospheres unless equipped with an emergency egress unit such as an escape only SCBA with a minimum of five minutes.

Air Purifying Respirators

Enhanced mobility, less physical stress, lighter weight

Negative pressure operations can be full face or half face

Normally used in controlled, well characterized areas not for emergency response Cartridge respirators-Must select proper cartridge Does not supply fresh air - oxygen levels must be greater than 19.5%

Chemical Protective Clothing

Level A (Vapor Protection) Provides responder with highest level of protection Level B (Splash Protection) Provides the responder with the highest level of respiratory protection and protection against contact with product from spills and splashes Level C (Splash Protection) Reduction in the respiratory protection but hazards shall be well characterized (known and measured) to provide use of APRs.

Level A CPE

Level B CPE

Level C CPE

Chemical Protective Clothing

Level D (normal workplace protections)
Used much more commonly in routine industrial operations. No NFPA standard garment. May include items such as: Eye Protection Coveralls Boots that are chemically resistant Hard hat Gloves

Stresses of Wearing CPCs

Heat related stresses:

Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke

Cold related stresses:

Frostbite, Hypothermia
Psychological stress:

Hazardous area, Body bag with Windows

Stresses of Wearing CPCs

NFPA 471 (10.3) (2002 edition) exclusion criteria includes:

BP - diastolic pressure greater than 105 mm Hg Pulse - greater than 70% of max (220-age) Respirations - greater than 24 Temp greater than 99.5 (oral) or 100.5 core EKG dysrhythmia not previously detected Mental Status altered, slurred speech clumsiness, weakness Recent Medical History: Presence of nausea vomiting, diarrhea, fever, URI, heat illness, or heavy alcohol within the past 72 hours. Any alcohol within the past 6 hours New medications within the past 72 hours. Pregnancy

Chemical Resistance/Compatibility
Three principle manners by which chemical protective clothing materials can be compromised: 1. Penetration 2. Degradation 3. Permeation

Bio Isolation PPEs

Cover all skin Use with respirator and eye protection Should be rated for biological (bloodborne pathogen) protection by manufacture

Problems in the Agricultural Setting

Improper Use
Using inappropriate concentration (more is better) Mixing compounds together

Improper Storage
Next flammables No ventilation Stored next to incompatibles Compressed Gasses indoors

Problems in the Agricultural Setting

Limited or no PPEs
Eye & Face Protection Apron Gloves Respiratory Protection

Poor or no Signage/Markings
Hazard areas Safe areas

Problems in the Agricultural Setting

Limited or no Training
PPEs Proper use

HAZCOM standard (29 CFR 1910.120)

No MSDS Dont know standard

No Emergency or Spill Plan Poor Housekeeping Safety equipment not maintained

Problems in the Agricultural Setting

Usually a failure of multiple safety processes Complacency Performance before safety Profit before safety (safety to expensive)

Example of Spill Procedures When Spill Occurs

Stop operations and equipment Isolate or evacuate area affected Emergency Notification If trained, contain and control spill Provide first aid and assistance to injured Clean up, decontamination

Natural Disasters
Hurricane/Typhoon Earthquake Tsunami Fire Flood Disease Outbreak
Agriculture Wildlife Human

Man Made Disasters

Transportation Unintentional Releases Civil Unrest Terrorism Technological
Electrical Communications Water (Fresh and Waste)

What is an emergency?
An Event that is- Unplanned Uncontrolled Chaotic Life, Property or Environmental Threat Requires a rapid response to bring the event under control

What is an emergency response?

Rapid or timely mitigation of events Best use of resources Trained personnel Favorably changes the outcome

Planned Response
Control
Isolation and Quarantine

Notification
Local, Law Enforcement, National and International Aid

Have a written plan Test and Periodically Practice

Incident Command System

Management System
Whos in charge? Whats our goals? Whats my tasks? Where do I fit in the organization? Whom do I report?

Incident Management
Places one person in charge Clarifies objectives Guides deployment of personnel & resources Organizes personnel & tasks so that IC is not overwhelmed Eases communications & identifies chain of command

Incident Management
Limits high risk activities & establishes resources to provide immediate assistance Allows for growth and reduction of organizational structure For some emergencies, it is a requirement of law, 29 & 40 CFR Used by the Federal Government (NIMS)

Management Concepts
Division of Labor Work is assigned based on functions, equipment available and training/capabilities of personnel Qualified individuals are assigned the proper tasks Lines of Authority Personnel and functional groups know their roles within the organization and their relationship with other personnel participating in the emergency

Management Concepts
Delegation Higher level of authority gives personnel or unit an assignment or tasks Authority is delegated but responsibility is still with the IC Unity of Command One immediate supervisor Prevents multiple and conflicting directives

Management Concepts
Span of Control Number of personnel or units supervised at one time Emergency operations, 4-7 personnel or units Factors include, degree of difficulty, level of danger, amount of authority given Line Functions - functions directly associated with actual implementation of tasks Staff Functions - functions associated with the support of incident operations or IC

Features of ICS
Common Terminology uses common language clear text pre-designated language from standard operating procedures Integrated Communications Common communications plan trunking system Modular Organization Organizational structure develops as-needed Increases and reduces in size as needed

Features of ICS
Comprehensive Resource Management
Knows the status of available units Analyses incident requirements and deploys available resources in a well-coordinated effort Tools in a tool box, only take out the tools you need to get the job done - need to know what tools are needed and when to use them, in correct combination Single Command Structure (single jurisdiction) Unified Command Structure (multi-jurisdiction or responsibility)

Features of ICS
Consolidated Action Plans - Unified Command
A single plan of objectives Efforts undertaken are conducted in a coordinated manner Prevents duplication of tasks and contradictory work assignments

Designated Incident Facilities

Command Post, Staging Area, Rehab Area

Transfer of Command
Proper procedures to transfer to higher authority

Incident Command System

IC & Staff
PIO, Safety, Liaison

Operations Planning Logistics Finance Division, Group, Branch

Incident Command System

IC Public Information Safety Liaison

Operations Section

Planning Section

Logistics Section

Finance/ Administration Section

FireFighting

HAZMAT

Ventilation

Entry

DECON

Research

Scene Management
HAZMAT Sectors
Hot Zone - Contaminated area Warm Zone - Contamination reduction zone or decon area Cold Zone - Contamination Free Zone Safe Zone - to facilitate nuisance free area

The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace

Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop
Carter Davis Pacific EMPRINTS Program hazmat@hawaii.rr.com