A PRESENTATION ON SCAFFOLDING

By: Tushar Tyagi(42) B.Tech I.F.E Semester - III

DEFINITION

Scaffolding is a temporary structure used to support people and material in the construction or repair of buildings and other large structures. It is usually a modular system of metal pipes or tubes, although it can be from other materials. A temporary frame usually constructed from steel or aluminium alloy tubes clipped or coupled together to provide a means of access to high-level working areas as well as providing a safe platform from which to work.

SCAFFOLDING IN THE ANCIENT WORLD

The Berlin Foundry Cup depicts scaffolding in ancient Greece (early 5th century BC). The ancient Egyptians and Chinese are also recorded as having used scaffolding-like structures to build tall buildings. The ancient Africans have also used wooden scaffoldings to support mosques.

FUNCTIONS
As a safe working platform so that the worker can do the work safely and easily. As a platform for placing material and logistics needed by the workers to carry out their job. As a walking passage used by the workers to transport the materials and logistics.

FACTORS NEEDED TO BE CONSIDERED FOR

THE DESIGNING OF SCAFFOLDS

It should be easy to erect. It should be strong enough to support itself and to support the weight of the materials and the workers. It should be light weight so that it is easy to erect, dismantle and transport for further use. It should follow all the safety standards to ensure the safety of the workers. It should provide adequate passage connecting to other areas.

MATERIAL
Scaffolds can be made of the following materials:

Tubular Steel Tubular Aluminium Alloy Timber

STEEL SCAFFOLD

Steel tubes are nearly 3 times heavier than aluminium alloy tubes but are far stronger. Longer span can be used since its deflection is approximately 1/3 of aluminium alloy tubes. There are 2 types of steel tubes used: - Galvanized steel tubes - Ungalvanized steel tubes that need special care (painting, varnishing or oil bath after use)

ALUMINIUM SCAFFOLD

Aluminium is lighter than steel hence it is easier to carry and erect. It needs protective treatment when it is to be used in contact with materials such as damp lime, wet cement and sea water to prevent corrosion. In such a case the tubes are coated with bitumastic paint before using them.

TIMBER SCAFFOLD

It is extensively used in developing countries.

The members are lashed together using ropes or wires instead of the coupling fittings used in the metal scaffolds.

SCAFFOLD ELEMENTS
Standards Ledger Transom Double Coupler Swivel Coupler Putlog Coupler Base Plate Split Joint Pin Reveal Pin Putlog End

DOUBLE COUPLER

TRANSOMS

LEDGERS STANDARD

BASE PLATE

Double Coupler
- The only real load bearing fitting used in scaffolding - Used to join ledgers to standards

Swivel Coupler
- Composed of 2 single coupler riveted together so that it is possible to rotate them and use them for connecting 2 scaffold tubes at any angle.

Putlog Coupler
- Used solely for fixing transoms to the horizontal ledgers.

Base Plate
- It is used to distribute the load from the foot of a standard on to a sole plate or firm ground.

Split Joint Pin

- A connection fitting used to join scaffold tubes end to end. - A centre bolt expands the 2 segments that grip on the bore of the tubes

Reveal Pin
- Fits into the end of a tube to form an adjustable strut

Putlog End
- A flat plate that fits on the end of a scaffold tube to convert it into a putlog

Double Coupler

Putlog Coupler

Swivel Coupler

Base Plate

BASIC FORMS OF SCAFFOLDS

There are two basic forms of scaffolds:

Putlog Scaffold
- Single row of uprights / standards set outside the perimeter of the building. - It is partly supported by the structure

Independent Scaffold
- It has 2 rows of standards that are tied by cross members called transoms.

PUTLOG SCAFFOLD

It consists of a single row of uprights or standards set away from the wall at a distance that will accommodate the required width of the working platform. The standards are joined together with horizontal members called ledgers. The ledgers are tied to the building with cross members called transoms. It is erected as the building rises & mostly used for buildings of traditional brick construction.
Putlog Scaffold tied into the brickwork using transoms

INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLD
This scaffold has 2 rows of standards that are toed by cross members called transoms. This scaffold doesnt rely upon the building for support. Suitable for use in conjunction with framed structures.

Independent Scaffold

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Standard must be on the same level and vertically straight on the base plate. The supporting platform wood must be supported properly. Working platform must be equipped with safety elements such as hand rail. Scaffold must be inspected at certain times. Use of safety tools such as safety boots, safety helmet, etc when using platform.

T HANK Y OU