In

the last month Presentations

How many presentations were good?

Slides Presentation Content Presenter

Great Bad

Content:

bad Slides will not damage the presentation...

content:

great Slides cannot improve bad Content!

(Osterwalder A, 2006)

Content

Know

standard of the audience.

-Do they have a background like yours?

-Dont assume the audience will all be experts. -Never underestimate your audience!
Time

allotted to you.

New

information Novel discovery Answers an interesting question Describes important ideas Concise& to the point

Slides
1. Outline slide 2. Layout 3. Structure 4. Animation 5. Bullets 6. Fonts 7. Color 8. Illustrations 9. Graphs 10. Video clips 11. Audio clips
12. Spelling& Grammar

13. Conclusion 14. Questions

 The slides should enhance the

presentation, not be the presentation

(Compton K, 2002)

Goals:
Convey the necessary information Be readable/understandable Be interesting (enough)

Avoid:
Over stimulation Boring

1. Outline slide
Start with Main points Follow the order of your outline for

the rest of the presentation

2. Layout
Simple but attractive The same layout

 Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or

difficult to read from

3. Structure
Write in point form (Bullets). DO NOT use

sentences or paragraphs.
Avoid wordiness: use key words& phrases Simple image on every slide. Balance of Slide Elements: text, graphics

{You want the audience to focus on what you present, not the way you present}.

Bad
This page contains too many words

for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated. In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to read this paragraph instead of listening to you.

4. Animation
Show one point at a time:
Audience concentrate on what you are

saying Prevent audience from reading ahead keep your presentation focused

Use

the Slide show - animations -custom-

option
Same

animation Simple "Wipe Left-to-Right" is good Do not use: Distracting animation Move" or "Fly" {too tedious& slow} (used in many presentations today).

5.Bullets
3-6 bullets/ slide 4 if large title, logo, picture Each bullet 1 line, 2 at the

most. This is known as cueing cue the audience in what you are going to say.
This gives the audience a framework to build upon.

 Crowded text: audience will not

read it. Reading speed does not match listening speed: confuse instead of reinforcing each other.

6. Fonts
Size:
Title: at least 28-point. Text: at least 18-point References: 14-point Different size for main points& secondary points
Text can be read from the back of the room.

 You are close to your monitor Your audience is far from the screen
Tahoma TNR Courier Comic Lucida

Sans

32
28
20
18
16
14
12
10

pt

32
28
20
18
16
14
12
10 pt

pt 32 pt
28
20
18
16
14
12
10

32
28
20
18
16
14
12
10

pt32 pt

pt 24 pt
pt
pt
pt
pt

pt 24 pt
pt
pt
pt
pt

pt 24 pt
pt
pt
pt
pt
pt
pt

pt 28 pt 24 pt 24 pt
pt
20
18
16
14
12
10

pt
pt

pt
pt

pt
pt

pt

pt

pt

pt

pt

pt

pt

pt

-Type Main

font: same 2 complementary fonts: Arial& Arial Bold. Serif font: e. g. Times New Roman Used in documents filled with lots of text. {Easier to read at small sizes}

San-serif

fonts

Arial Avoid: Script or Old English Use a standard font: Times New Roman or Arial. Roman& Gothic are easier to read

- Caps Do not use all capital letters

Makes text hard to read Conceals acronyms Denies their use for emphasis

-Italics
Used to highlight thoughts or ideas Used for:

quotes, book, journal, or magazine titles

Bad

If you use a small font, your audience wont be able to read what you have written

CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY .

IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ
Dont use a complicated font

7. Color
Use color to:

Reinforce the logic of your structure Emphasize a point (occasionally)

Font color that does not contrast

with the background is hard to read

Colors: I.Cool:

blue& green best for backgrounds {appear to recede away from us into the background}. II. Warm: orange& red. best for objects in the foreground (such as text) {appear to be coming at us}.

The Color Wheel

Harmonizing: Adjacent colors

e.g. Green& Yellow Contrasting=Complementary: separated by another color Clashing: Colors that are directly opposite e.g. yellow on blue.

 Reds& oranges :

high-energy but difficult to stay focused on. Greens, blues, and browns : mellower, but not as attention grabbing. Color font that contrasts sharply with the background blue font on white background Yellow font on blue background

Avoid color

for decoration {distracting& annoying}. Different color for each point Different color for secondary points Red-green combinations {7 % of population
are red-green colorblind} Glaring colors White font on Light Green, Light Blue or Pale Yellow background

Usually cant read this

Dark

room white or light font on dark background (dark blue, grey, etc.). Good light Rooms: (which is highly advisable) Black or dark font on white background

Colour

- Bad

of people cant read this and even if they could, it makes your eyes hurt.

Lots

8. Illustrations
Diagrams are great communicators (Well-drawn) pictures easier to

understand Use only when needed, otherwise they become distracters instead of communicators They should relate to the message& help make a point

9. Graphs
Use graphs:
Data in graphs is easier to comprehend &

retain than is raw data Trends are easier to visualize in graphs Graphs& figures: large Title High-quality

Types
Pie

Charts. Used to show percentages. Limit the slices to 4-6 contrast the most important slice either with color or by exploding the slice.

Vertical

Bar Charts. Used to show changes in quantity over time. Limit the bars to 4-8 Horizontal Bar Charts. Used to compare quantities.

Line

Charts. Used to demonstrate trends. Tables Good for side-by-side comparisons of quantitative data. lacks impact on a visceral level.

Graphs - Good

Graphs - Bad
100 90

90

80

70

60 Blue Balls Red Balls 38.6 34.6 30.6 30 20.4 20 27.4 20.4 31.6

50

40

10

0 January February March April

Graphs - Bad
Minor gridlines are unnecessary Font is too small Colors are illogical Title is missing Shading is distracting

Pick A Line, Any Line

1.2 1

0.8 Series1 Series2

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

10. Video clips

To

show concrete examples promote active cognitive processing, {this natural way people learn}. Illustrate your point better Increase the interest of audience.

11. Audio clips

As

interviews. Avoid -Cheesy sound effects (sound of a horn or clapping when transitioning slides). -Extra sound effects attached to animations {lose credibility with your audience}.

12. Spelling& Grammar

Checked If English is not your first language:

pls have someone else check your presentation

13. Conclusion
Effective& strong
Your audience is likely to remember your last

words

Conclusion slides:
Bring people back if they zoned out Summarize the main points of presentation Suggest future research

14. Questions??
Avoid ending presentation

abruptly

End with a simple question

slide to:
Invite audience to ask questions

Provide a visual aid during

question period

Presenter
Before At

the start During At the end

Before the talk:

Practice in front of friends or using a video

camera& timer
Take criticism as constructive, not personally

Make changes well in advance Know Your Location

Check the podium& AV equipment How far is audience from screen? Do you need a laser pointer?

At the start of the talk:

Thank the sponsor, panel Start using an emotionally competent stimulus Story Question Anecdote Application

During the Talk: Do not read your notes word for word!
-Its called a presentation & not a
reading of your work -Reading a slide is annoying -Do not read your slides like a script -You should not simply be a text-tospeech converter.

 Do not use the media to hide you Face the audience, not the screen Make eye contact Dont pace up& down but also dont

stand rigid

 Are you hiding behind the podium?

Are your hands/face motionless? Are you staring at your advisor/boss? at your laptop? at the screen? at the ceiling? Is your back to the audience? IF SO youre probably BORING! Dead Man Talking

 Spend between 30sec- 2min/slide Sometimes nerves make for fast talking Calm down.

[Its not a race People need time to absorb information}

Not

exceed your allotted time You were poorly prepared Have bad manners If youre running late: skip Dont just talk faster!

 Do be enthusiastic

Are you interested in your topic? If no, get a different one! If yes, act like it If you arent excited Cant expect other people to be!

 Vary the tone of your voice, Vary your tempo,

volume, gestures Microphone at middle of your chest Not 2mm from your mouth Modulate your voice evenly If not using a mic project your voice!

 Dont wave your pointer all over the slide

Do not point at everything

{Not everything is equally important} Dont point with your middle finger

Orient

the audience: Dont take lots of drinks {distracting& unprofessional} Spend time on graphs, charts, anatomy Memorize the outline Memorize the concluding sentence Be able to recover from interruptions

Careful

use of pause When starting a major result Raising a question Showing a complicated fig Avoid annoying mannerisms Use of OK Interrupting yourself with I mean or you know

At the end of the talk

Be

prepared to get questions! Move towards the person who asked it Repeat or rephrase What if I dont know the answer? Know when to say I dont know Know how to say I dont know Dont be uncomfortabl

Close

by thanking your audience Plan to stay a while after talk Audience may want to talk with you

Conclusion
Good presentation= Good content, slides& presenter

Questions??