Eco Dial Eng

Division - Name - Date - Language 1

1. INTRODUCTION
From Ecodial2 to Ecodial3 :

Windows 3.11, 95, 98 and NT

New products :
Contactors , Circuit breakers (Telemecanique),
Thermal relays, Soft starters, Variable speed drives,
Capacitors

A new calculation standard : CENELEC (R0064-003)
Installation standards : IEC364, C15-100

General characteristics
Drawing
Definition of circuit characteristics
Power sum
Calculation
Results
Output
The main steps of a study

Un Ph-Ph (415V) : sets the LV network voltage. This value corresponds to a
phase-phase voltage

Earthing arangement (TNC) : sets the earthing arrangement at the transformer.
This value can only be changed in a network after an LV/LV transformer, or from
TNC to TNS.

Cascading (YES) : authorises Ecodial to use reinforced breaking capacity to
choose downstream breakers. This can help reduce the cost of an installation.

Discrimination (YES) : displays the discrimination results and chooses breakers
giving better discrimination results.

Smax (240mm) : sets the maximum cable CSA that Ecodial can use when sizing
cables (multiple cables in parallel can always be used though)

Calculation / General characteristics
CSA N / CSA Ph (1) : sets the minimum ratio between phase and neutral
conductors. This is used to allow half neutrals (1/2) or require full neutrals (1).

Tolerance (5%) : Ecodial calculates the theoretical Phase CSA. Tolerance can be
included to allow the choice of cable slightly smaller than the theoretical value.

Standard (IEC947-2) : Allows the user to choose a default product standard
(IEC947-2 or IEC898) according to which the breaking capacity of the circuit
breakers are given. If the standard is set to IEC898, Ecodial automatically chooses
IEC947-2 if no IEC898 are available

Target power factor (0.96) : this is the value Ecodial will use to size the required
capacitor bank. It corresponds to the power factor downstream of the transformer.

System frequency (50Hz) : enables users to choose products that are suitable for
60hz applications (capacitors, ).
Calculation / General characteristics
Sources : Transformer, Generator, Undefined, (Bus coupler)
Busbar : Busbar, (interlock)
Outgoing circuits
Loads : receiver, motor, lighting, variable speed drive
LV transformer (isolating, step-up, step-down)
graphic links - project links
Standard diagrams

Drawing the network - the symbol toolbox
Display / Symbol Toolbox

B2

Switchboard

Q1

Source

C1

T1

Q5

Main lighting

C5

D5

Main lighting

E5

Q4

K4

Main motor

C4

M4

Q3

Main Load

C3

L3
The first study

select circuit and F4, or double-click on circuit
Name all the circuits :
Supply, Switchboard, Main Load, Main Motor, Main Lighting
Enter circuit parameters:
Main Load : 35m, 238A
Main motor : 39m, 110kW (mechanical),
Main Lighting :15m cable, 30m busbar, 20x150W Incandescent
lights, 10 identical circuits

Useful tools
Network / Item lists
faster input of circuit characteristics once the circuits are named.
Display / Network tree (F2)
Network / Logical check (F3)

Definition of circuit characteristics
Network / Circuit description
Automatically calculates the theoretical power of transformer and generator.
(400kVA)

Automatically calculates the currents in the different branches of the circuits. (ex
Total Switchboard feeders = 436.36A)

Ku and Ks coefficients can be used to optimise design.

Ecodial will recommend a transformer size.

Power sum should be run after every modification !

The Power Sum
Calculation / Power Sum
The Power Sum is not compulsory.

But then the user must manually define the currents in every circuits.
Advantage : quicker calculations :
Do not have to draw/enter all the circuits.
Enter only the circuits one wants to calculate, and expected current.
Disadvantage : results can be sometimes surprising !

POWER SUM IS RECOMMENDED IN BIG PROJECTS !

The Power Sum
Calculation / Power Sum
When single phases are connected to a three phase board, Ecodial can
automatically suggest a phase distribution solution
The automatic distribution can be modified.
The logic applied is the following
Ecodial sorts the loads by decreasing intensity.
Starting from the highest load, Ecodial will place the loads onto the first phase
until the sum of these loads is equal to 33% of the total load
Ecodial then tries to load the second phase until the sum of these loads
reaches 50 of the remaining loads.
All the loads that remain are then allocated to the third phase.
This systems gives the best possible distribution in most cases. It is always
possible to modify the result.
The upstream circuit is sized on the highest phase loading.

The Power Sum
Load distribution
Automatic mode
equipment is selected automatically.
No additional entry is required, Ecodial uses default values (installation
method, cable type, )
Manual mode
parameters can be defined by user, and then theyare checked to see if
they verify all the safety criteria.
An unsafe choice will not be allowed to be validated.

Equipment calculated
Circuit breakers (and fuses) and isolators
Contactors and relays
Cable, BTS, and busbar

The Calculation
Calculation / Calculate
Load current and breaking capacity identifies circuit breaker

Choice of circuit breaker sets thermal setting

Thermal setting defines minimum theoretical cable CSA

Verification of cable (Sp, Sn, Spe theoretic)
voltage drop
protection against indirect contact
short circuit currents

Sizing constraint (overload, voltage drop, user, )
The Calculation
Busbar sizing :
For main busbar, size is defined by the circuit breaker protection which is
defined by the nominal current of transformer (and not the sum of the load
currents !)
For other busbar (sub DB) : sizing according to circuit breaker protection,
which is defined by the load current.

Short circuit currents
Ik max : cold short circuit (copper is cold-low resistivity)
Ik min : warm short circuit (copper is warm - high resistivity)
Ik3 : three phase bolted fault
Ik2 : phase - phase fault
Ik1 : phase - neutral fault
Earth fault : phase-earth fault
The Calculation
The Calculation
Resistivity values

o
: resitivity at 20 degrees Celcius (IEC909)
copper : 18,51
aluminium : 29,41
At different temperatures :
PVC

1
= 1,2x
o
at 70 degrees

2
= 1,38x
o
at 115 degrees (if S <= 300 mm)

2
= 1,34x
o
at 105 degrees (if S > 300 mm

3
= 1,30x
o
at 95 degrees (if S <= 300 mm)

3
= 1,26x
o
at 85 degrees (if S > 300 mm)
PR

1
= 1,28x
o
at 90 degrees

2
= 1,60x
o
at 170 degrees

3
= 1,48x
o
at 140 degrees
Linear reactance (non armoured cables)
multi core or single core in trefoil : = 0,08
single core, flat touching : = 0,09
single core, spaced : = 0,13

The Calculation
Short circuit currents (values of resistivity to be used)

Ik3max, Ik2max and Ik1max :

o

Ik2min and Ik1min
for circuit protected by fuses :
2

for circuits protected by circuit breakers :
1

If (earth fault current)
TNC :
2

1

Multicore, PE included
2

1

PE separate
2

1

Voltage drop :

1

B7

Emergency DB
B2

Switchboard

C6

Emergency DB feeder

Q6

Q8

C8

Emergency supply

G8
L9

C9

Vital Load

Q9

M10

C10

Vital Motor

K10

Q10

Q5

Main lighting

C5

D5

Main lighting

E5

Q4

K4

Main motor

C4

M4

Q3

Main Load

C3

L3

Q1

Source

C1

T1
The second study

Define new circuits :
Emergency DB feeder : 45 m , (I = ???)
Emergency DB
Emergency supply
Vital Load (36m, 135A)
Vital Motor (75m, 18,5 kW mechanical)

Run Power Sum
Transformer : 400 to 630 kVA
Generator : 160 kVA (only supplies Emergency board !)

Run Calculation

Modify the circuit

Zoom : drag a box around the area to zoom into

Grid

Alf F3 = search for a particular circuit based on its name or ID

Circuit selection (multiple) : keep SHIFT button pressed while selecting multiple
circuits, or draw a box around the circuits to select.

Moving circuits : drag and drop the selection

Copying circuits (including the characteristics)
select circuit to be copied
CTRL+C and then CTRL+V
Edit / Copy and then Edit / Paste

Enlarge busbars : select busbar, click on , enlarge bars.

Advanced editing

Power (kVA) : the nominal rating of the transformer. It is usually calculated and set
in the power sum, nonetheless it can be manually set by the user here.

Earthing arrangement : a reminder of the earthing arrangement set in the general
characteristics. Modifying the earthing arrangement here does not modify the
earthing arrangement of all the downstream circuits.

Distributed neutral : identifies networks that have or have no neutral conductor.

Un Ph-Ph : a reminder of the system voltage. As for the earthing system, changing
the voltage here does not automatically change the voltage of all the other circuits.

Short circuit voltage : parameter which is used to calculate the impedance of the
transformer (Z). The resistance and reactance are estimated using the CENELEC
guide lines.
Circuit description
Transformer

Circuit description
Transformer (2)

HV Psc : short circuit level on the medium voltage side of the transformer. Enables
Ecodial to calculate the impedance (Z) of the medium voltage network

Connection : the different windings of the MV/LV transformer

Power factor : a result of the Power Sum. The power factor at the downstream
terminals of the transformer.

System frequency

HV operating time : time used to size the transformer to circuit breaker connection
(refers to Electrical Installation Guide table H1-63)

Circuit description
Transformer (3)

Results :

R and X of MV network (using CENELEC R064-003 formulas)
X
Q
= 0,995 x Z
Q
R
Q
=0,1 x X
Q

R and X of transformer (using CENELEC R064-003 formulas)
R
T
=0,31 x Z
T
X
T
= 0,95 x Z
T

Ib : rated current of the transformer (In)

Isc max (maximum short circuit current at the terminals of the transformer)

Copper losses (heat loss)

kQ
Q
S
Un
Z
2
) 05 , 1 (
=
100
) 05 , 1 (
2
kr
rT
T
u
S
Un
Z
=
T
R In Pcu =
2
3
Un
S
In
rT
=
3
upstream
k
Z
Un c
I Isc

= =
3
05 , 1
max
max 3
Circuit description
Generators

Power (kVA) : see previous

Earthing arrangement : see previous

Distributed neutral : see previous

Un Ph-Ph : see previous

Power factor : see previous.

System frequency : see previous

Xo : Zero phase impedance

X : Transient impedance, used to calculate the short circuit current

Circuit description
Source

Un Ph-Ph : see previous

Isc max (kA) : maximum short circuit current (Ik3max) at the point of the LV
connection from which the study will start.

Power factor : see previous.

System frequency : see previous

Energy supplier : Private substation is the only value.

Distributed neutral : see previous

I service connection (A) : Intensity of the connection, in other words the current
rating of the upstream protection device (not drawn on the diagram).

Circuit description
Source (2)

Isc min upstream (kA) : value of the Ik1min short circuit at the point of
connection. This value is used to calculate the warm impedance of the
Phase/Neutral loop.

Earthing arrangement : see previous.

dU initial (%) : The voltage drop from the transformer to the LV connection from
which the study starts. This used to calculate the cumulative voltage drop
downstream of the LV connection.

Circuit description
Capacitor

Power factor before compensation : value of the power factor calculated in the
Power Sum (the Power Sum must be run to calculate a Capacitor bank)

Power of the Harmonic sources : In order to take into account the effect of
harmonics on the capacitors, Ecodial needs the power of all the harmonic
generating (non-linear) loads on the network. This value is used in conjunction with
the transformer size to identify the type (Standard, H or SAH) of capacitor used by
Ecodial.

Power (kvar) : Total power of the capacitor bank needed to attain the target power
factor.

Type of compensation

Step : resolution of the automatic capacitor bank : ex 5x50kvar means the
capacitor bank can go from 0 to 250kvar in steps of 50 kvar (controlled by the
regulator)
Ib : current drawn by the capacitor bank (inclusive of possible harmonic currents
and manufacturing tolerances)
Circuit description
Capacitor

Ih
L,e
C,e
Transformer
(P
T
)
Capacitor
(Q)
Harmonic current
injection
Equivalent impedance of L-C circuit (resistances ignored)
Z= j.L.e / (1-L.C.e)

Resonance when e=(2.t.f)=1/LC (Zmax induces to Voltage max)
order of resonance :

if order of resonance is close to harmonic current injection, filtering devices
could be required.

Harmonic voltage created across the equivalent impedance of the transformer and
capacitor, which causes circulating currents in the L-C loop, which can be a cause
of nuisance tripping in transformer or capacitor protection devices.
c
T
Q ucc
P
n
=
(%)
Circuit description
Capacitor

Circuit description
Capacitor

Vh
Circuit description
Circuit breaker (distribution)

Range : Product range from which the circuit breaker is to be chosen. If Ecodial
cannot find a breaker in that range it will look for a breaker in a predefined range
(function of the demand current)
Designation : name of circuit breaker
Trip unit / curve : name of the trip unit or curve of the circuit breaker
Nb of poles protected : polarity of the circuit breaker that is required.
Earth leakage protection : if earth leakage protection (RCD) is required (by user,
or for a particular application, switch this characteristic to YES).
Fire protection : this is a characteristic that will force an earth leakage device, and
set it to ensure that a leakage current will not be able to cause a fire (threshold <
300mA)
Integrated with the protection device : certain RCDs are integrated (NS Vigi,
) and certain are separated (RH***). The user can choose the type of RCD
required. By default, Ecodial looks for integrated RCDs, and then separated
RCDs if unsuccessful.
Class : (A / AC ) defines the sensitivity of the RCD to continuous and pulsed
DC signals.
Earth leakage protection device : name of the device ensuring the function of
RCD.

Sensitivity (mA) : pickup current of the RCD device
Delay (ms) : time delay before disconnection under earth fault conditions
I thermal setting (A) : Thermal setting of the circuit breaker. This value is set to be
greater or equal to the demand current, and is used to size the cable.
I magnetic setting (A) : magnetic setting of the circuit breaker. This setting s made
to ensure protection against indirect contact in TN, and to ensure correct motor
starting based on start-up currents.
Frame rating (A) : maximum rating of the circuit breaker frame
Trip unit rating (A) : maximum setting of the trip unit.
Ir : position of the thermal adjustment on the trip unit
Io : position of the thermal adjustment on the trip unit
Im/Isd : position of the magnetic adjustment on the trip unit
Motor mechanism : breakers must be able to be fixed with a motor mechanism

Circuit description
Circuit breaker (distribution) (2)

Cascading requested :
YES : circuit breaker is chosen using cascading with the upstream device (only
the device directly upstream)
NO : circuit breaker is chosen based on its stand-alone breaking capacity.

Discrimination requested :
YES : circuit breakers that have better discrimination potential are selected
instead of normal circuit breakers

Installation : Fixed breakers or withdrawable breakers

Circuit description
Circuit breaker (distribution) (3)

Circuit description
Circuit breaker (motor)

Range : see previous
Designation : see previous
Trip unit / curve : see previous
Contactor : name of contactor to be used according to the co-ordination tables
Thermal protection : name of thermal overload (if needed) according to co-
ordination tables.
Soft starter : name of soft starter (if needed) according to co-ordination tables.
Earth leakage protection : see previous.
Fire protection :see previous with the added safety that the tripping time is
delayed by at least 60ms to ensure there is no nuisance tripping on start-up.
Number of poles protected : always 3P3T, as Ecodial does not cover single
phase motors
I thermal setting (A) : Thermal setting of the circuit breaker. This value is set to be
greater or equal to the demand current, and is used to size the cable.
I magnetic setting (A) : magnetic setting of the circuit breaker. This setting s made
to ensure protection against indirect contact in TN, and to ensure correct motor
starting based on start-up currents.
Frame rating (A) : maximum rating of the circuit breaker frame
Trip unit rating (A) : maximum setting of the trip unit.
Ir : position of the thermal adjustment on the trip unit
Io : position of the thermal adjustment on the trip unit
Im/Isd : position of the magnetic adjustment on the trip unit
Motor mechanism : breakers must be able to be fixed with a motor mechanism
Cascading requested :
YES : circuit breaker is chosen using cascading with the upstream device (only
the device directly upstream)
NO : circuit breaker is chosen based on its stand-alone breaking capacity.
Discrimination requested :
YES : circuit breakers that have better discrimination potential are selected
instead of normal circuit breakers
Installation : Fixed breakers or withdrawable breakers

Circuit description
Circuit breaker (motor) (2)

Circuit description
Load

Number of identical circuits : instead of drawing multiple feeders having
EXACTLY the same characteristic, just draw one !

Ib : demand current of the load (calculated from the power and polarity)

Circuit polarity : polarity of the load


Power (kVA) : demand power (calculated from the current and the polarity)

Power factor : power factor of the load (.8 is default value)

Fixed / Mobile :
Fixed : permanent connection from installation to load.
Mobile : terminal load is fed through a power socket (special earth leakage
conditions are then applicable : 30mA and Instanataneous protection is
required)

Circuit description
Motor

Number of identical circuits : see previous
Mechanical power (kW) : rated mechanical power of motor
Type of starting : for Direct on Line or Soft Starting applications
Motor efficiency : ratio between mechanical and electrical power (in kW)
Ib (A) : full load current of motor
Power factor : full load power factor of the motor
Circuit polarity (always 3P)
Power (kW) : demand power (calculated from the efficiency)
Type of co-ordination : Type 1 or Type 2
Starting class : Standard / Long
Start-up current : sets the magnetic setting of the breaker
Circuit description
Lighting
Number of identical circuits
Lighting Source : type of lamp
Individual lamp power :
Number of lamps per light : for each lighting point there can be several lamps
Nb of lights (A) : total number of lamps on the Canalis lighting line
Ib : full load current at the origin of the Canalis lighting distribution
Ballast power : for lamps using ballasts (fluo tubes, )
Circuit polarity
Earthing arrangement
Power (kW) : total demand power (calculated)
Power factor
Circuit description
Variable Speed Drive
Reference : name of VSD
Nominal power of the VSD (kW) : characteristic of VSD
Ib : current drawn by VSD (including harmonics)
Absorbed power : total power drawn by VSD (motor power and heat loss)
Torque (A) : starting torque : High or standard
Form factor : ratio between total RMS and 50Hz signal (characteristic of VSD)
Is permanent : output current
Is max permanent : maximum permanent output current (characteristic of VSD)
Is max 60s : maximum 60s output current (characteristic of VSD)
Earthing arrangement
Circuit polarity

Circuit description
Cable
Length : length of the cable (Short circuit and voltage drop calculations)
Installation method : code for the type of installation. Defines the standard
derating factors and the type of conductors used.
Insulation : sets the insulation material of the cable (impedance calculation)
Type of conductor : output from the Installation method, not an input !
Neutral loaded : source of derating on 3P+N networks
Conductor arrangement : calculation of the linear reactance of the cable
Type of PE : influences the type of cables selected by Ecodial
Number of additional circuits : cable derating
Number of layers : cable derating
K user : additional cable derating (over and above the standards)
Ambient temperature : cable derating
Delta U max on circuit (%) : maximum voltage drop allowed on the cable
Reference : name of cable

Circuit description
Cable (2)
Nb Ph conductor : calculation result
CSA Ph conductor : calculation result
Nb N conductor : calculation result
CSA N conductor : calculation result
Nb PE conductor : calculation result
CSA PE conductor : calculation result
Phase metal : cable characteristic (input)
Neutral metal : cable characteristic (input)
PE metal : cable characteristic (input)
Safety voltage : 50V or 25V

Ecodial and the earthing schemes
Implementing protection against indirect contact
TT
Earth fault current (leakage) calculated using the impedance of the source and
earth electrodes, and the Phase-Earth conductor impedance
Standards require an RCD device on the main incomer
the earth and source electrodes must not be interconnected !
TN
Earth fault current calculated using the Phase-Earth conductor impedance
Protection against indirect contact insured by setting the magnetic under the
Earth fault current
Trip units can be changed to ensure accurate magnetic threshold is used
RCDs can be implemented
IT (2nd fault)
identical calculations as for the TN system
Earth fault current is calculated assuming both fault occur at the same point.
This ensures worse case scenario as if the second fault appears further away,
the real fault current on the 2nd fault would be greater than the calculated fault
current corresponding to the 2nd fault location, and ensuring tripping by the
2nd fault location protection device.

Calculation rules
Phase CSA

a
m
Irth
K
Sth
1
1
|
.
|
\
|
=
Theoretical Phase CSA : calculated by a formula, where (IEC 60364-5-523-B):
K is the total derating (temperature laying method, cables in parallel, )
Irth : is the thermal setting of the upstream breaker
m and a : parameters defined by the laying method and the type of cable
(metal, insulator) andthe number of loaded conductors in the circuit)

Choice of Phase conductor
based on cable database supplied
based on theoretical phase CSA and tolerance
based on installation rules (ex TNC Smini = 10mm)
based on limits implied in the standards (ex Smini for multicore conductors on
perforated tray = 25mm)
based on maximum phase CSA allowed

Voltage drop is calculated on this cable using demand current
CSA could be increased
Calculation rules
Neutral CSA
Theoretical calculation made by Ecodial
minimum theoretical CSA equal Ph or Ph/2

Warning : the Neutral as any cable should be sized according to the upstream
protection setting (this is to ensure safety, not continuity !).
With 4p4t CB, the neutral can be of the same CSA of the Phase
With 4p3t 1/2N, the neutral can be half
With 3p devices (Neutral not protected), there is an unknown, as there is no
direct protection on the neutral

Phase unbalance can lead (worse case scenario) to a phase current equal to
neutral current, so Neutral should be at least equal to Phase

Triplen Harmonics (3rd, 9th, ) add up on the neutral. Therefore, if the phase is
ONLY 3rd harmonics, neutral current = 3x phase current. In reality, the neutral
current will usually be less than 1.7-1.8 times the phase current, example ;
Irms (phase) = (I1, I3 (80%), I5(45%), I7(12%)) = 1.36x I1
Irms (neutral) = 3x I3 = 2.4x I1 = 1.76 Irms (phase)

Calculation rules
Neutral CSA
Recommended actions :
use half neutrals
when there is a 4p3t N/2 circuit breaker protecting the circuit,
and if there is no possibility of excessive phase unbalance and/or triplen
harmonic loading on the circuit.
Note : 3p3t are acceptable solutions, but 4p3t N/2 offer more safety
under unexpected conditions

use full neutrals
when there is a 4p4t circuit breaker protecting the circuit
and if there is a possibility of excessive phase unbalance, or limited
triplen harmonic (max allowed = 33% triplen in the RMS)
Note : 3p3t are acceptable solutions, but 4p4t offer more safety under
unexpected conditions

use double neutrals
with 3p3t circuit breakers
when there is a high risk of excessive triplen harmonic

Calculation rules
PE CSA
Automatic minimum PE :
if Ph s 16mm, PE = Ph x kph/kpe
if Ph s 35 mm, PE = 16mm x kph/kpe
if Ph > 35 mm, PE = Ph/2 x kph/kpe
where kph and kpe function of the type of phase and earth conductor (metal,
insulation, single/multi core, )
in TT, max PE = 35mm

Theoretical minimum PE : the theoretical minimum PE cross section should only
verify the It < kS condition, as no current is ever expected to flow on the PE (as
it is an equipotential link). This condition usually implies small PE cross sections
(+/- 4mm in TN and 1mm in TT). Using such small cables has two bad
consequences :
reducing Earth fault current (due to higher impedance), which could require the
use of earth fault protection devices or lowering the magnetic thresholds to
non efficient levels (motor starting and discrimination problems)
creating a higher voltage differential on the PE due to natural leakage currents
Ecodial chooses automatically the CSA given above, but allows smaller
cables to be selected by the user.
Network
TNC
400V
Transformer
800kVA transformer
Incomer cable length = 0
Load
3P+N
100A
Installation method EJ(1)

Calculate the network with :
Load cable length =30m, 100m, 140m, 170m
Info needed : Irm, If, Sph, Spe, DeltaU, CB, Sizing criteria
Tableau

B2
T1

C1

Circuit

Q1

Q3

Circuit

C3

L3
Calculation examples
the effect of long cables
the effect of long cables
Cable sized on load current

Cable sized on voltage drop

Setting of trip unit to cater for low earth fault current
(protection against indirect contact)
To ensure disconnection in sufficient time, Ecodial verifies that the earth fault
current is higher than the magnetic setting of the breaker (including tolerance).
Trip units can be changed to ensure this :
C curve to B curve
TM to STR
cable size can be increased
If no solution is found Ecodial interrupts the calculation requesting the user to
manually place an RCD on the circuit breaker to ensure disconnection, and
therefore protection against indirect contact.
Non-uniformly distributed load
the Icc and DeltaU can be calculated at each tap-off point, or for worst case
scenario (Icc at source)
Calculation method to be used for distribution systems having loads that vary
substantially in power and location.

Uniformly distributed load
the Icc is calculated at the beginning of BTS.
The voltage drop is estimated as a function of the number of tap-offs
Calculation adapted for distribution systems having evenly distributed loads (in
power and location)

Prefabricated busbar trunking
Uniformly and Non-uniformly distributed load.
800kVA
100A tapoffs
D=5,10,15,20,25
Total length 30m
Info needed :
Icc, deltaU per tap/off.
B2

Tableau
D4

CEP

Q8

Circuit

C8

L8 L9

C9

Circuit

Q9

Q7

Circuit

C7

L7 L6

C6

Circuit

Q6

Q5

Circuit

C5

L5

Q3

Circuit

C3

Q1

Circuit

C1

T1
Prefabricated busbar trunking (2)
Ku : usage coefficient
applicable to a CIRCUIT
% full load current when load is running
example :
motor +/- 80%
Light 100%

Ks : diversity coefficient
applicable to a DISTRIBUTION BOARD
chance of all feeders drawing maximum load at any given time
relative to the number of feeders on DB.
See Electrical Installation Guide
Calculation parameters
Diversity and usage coefficients
Lathe 1 5.5 kW
Lathe 2 5.5 kW
Distribution box Lathe 3 5.5 kW
Lathe 4 5.5 kW
Workshop A Drill 1 2.2 kW
Drill 2 2.2 kW
3x socket outlet circuit (1P+N) 20 A each
6x lighting lines (1P+N) 10x 100W each
Compressor 15 kW
Incomer Workshop B 5x socket outlet circuit (1P+N) 20 A each
Ventilation Fan 1 2.2 kW
Distribution box Ventilation Fan 2 2.2 kW
Oven 1 15 kW
Workshop C Oven 2 15 kW
10x socket outlet circuit (1P+N) 20 A each
Diversity and usage coefficients - example
Apartment blocks :
Consumers 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 49
Ks 1 .78 .63 .53 .49 .46 .44 .42 .41

Distribution Boards (IEC439) :
Circuits 3 5 9 10+
Ks .9 .8 .7 .6

Circuits (Ks or Ku ?):
Lighting 1
Heating, air conditioning 1
Socket outlet circuit .1 to .2 (higher in industry)
Lifts/hoists 1 / .75 / .6
Problem with Ku and Ks
Responsibility of the user
Personal experience
Knowledge of installation
Database of existing installations

Advantage of Ku and Ks
more cost effective installation
not oversized
Example
total installed power : 144kVA
maximum expected demand : 80 kVA

The algorithms used by Ecodial

Formulas, constants
impedance
Icc, voltage drop, ..

Reference to standards

Calculation guides
Special help file
Different types of information :
The front page
Header and footer
The device lists
Equipment display
Calculation notes
The single-line diagram
Printing :
Customise the setup
Choice of language

Output

Open and save a project
How to make a link between projects ?
Choice of interface language
The summary
Different kinds of exports :
DXF
RTF
ECD
Special

Circuit breaker and busbar selection
Discrimation and cascading tables
Tripping curves
Guides and tools

Maximum number of circuits in a project : 70
Maximum number of copied circuits : 20
Maximum number of transformers : 4
Limitations

Normal and emergency sources
Ecodial uses the worst case scenario to select equipment :
max short circuit level from Transformers
min earth fault current from Generators

Complex networks
It is not always possible to draw the exact network. It can be necessary to
draw a simplified network, and define the final network based on these
calculations.

Special applications

Eco Dial Eng

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