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M.A.

Leading Innovation and Change Creativity


Joyce Mackay York St. John University j.mackay@yorksj.ac.uk

Some definitions
Creativity Coming up with and expressing, new ideas and perspectives

Some definitions

Inventing Creating something that is completely new

Some definitions
Innovating
Applying ideas, processes, products or procedures, which are new to the people and places where you are introducing them

The relationship between creativity, innovation, invention and change


Creativity

Innovation

Invention

Change

The Scientific Method of Investigation


Observe Hypothesize Experiment Evaluate

Creativity is about

thinking outside the box

The Scientific Method


Tries to understand existing things and put them in a box

The Creative Method


Tries to make new things and forget there ever was a box

It is about ACTION and DEVIATING from a default path to create something new

Creative Thinking Puzzle No. 1


Below are nine dots arranged in a set of three rows. Your challenge is to draw four straight lines which go through the middle of all of the dots without taking the pencil off the paper
.

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

What are the lessons of this puzzle


Investigate the boundaries What are the boundaries which the solution must fit into?

Are the boundaries your own perceptions or reality? What are the possibilities if you push the boundaries?
What are the benefits of small boundary changes?

What are the lessons of this puzzle


Hard work is not the solution Repeating the same wrong process again and again with more vigour does not work. You can be very close to a solution while not getting any closer to it. Thought is the solution, physical hard work alone will not work

Creative Thinking Puzzle No. 2


Have a look at the picture below.

It shows a person holding a block of wood. What will happen to the piece of wood when the person lets go of it?

Solution to Creative Thinking Puzzle No. 2


On Earth Under Water

In Space

The block of wood will drop DOWN to the ground as it is drawn to earth by gravity.

The block of wood will float UP to the surface of the water because it is less dense than water.

The block of wood will NOT MOVE because there are no overall forces in any direction.

How did you think about an answer?

Inevitably, the most common answer people give is that the block of wood will fall DOWN to the floor. While this answer is the most appropriate answer for everyday living, this puzzle shows how easy it is to give the most obvious answer first and to ignore alternative possibilities like the context

How did you think about an answer?


Different situations may need different answers.

Some Thoughts

You are probably already living in a different world to the world which existed yesterday. How have you changed your view of life to take the changes into account?

Remember

We do not see the world as it is, we see it as we are.

Lessons to be Learned from this Puzzle


Think about the current situation
If you see the world from only one angle you will struggle to change it.

What assumptions have you made?


What rules have you assumed?

How do your own perceptions influence the world you inhabit?


How do you see the world and how is your view different to that of other people? What advantages and disadvantages are there of each way of thinking?

Lessons to be learned from this puzzle


How can you think differently?

Imagine the problem from someone else's angle.


What happens in other countries, cultures and companies? How can you change the situation to make a solution work? Visit other organizations or read about other people's lives and try to understand why they think in the way they do

So Why Is Creativity So Hard


Left Hemisphere
Number skills 12345 Reasoning

Right Hemisphere
Insight 3-D forms

Art Awareness

Spoken language
Imagination

Scientific skills
Right Hand Left Hand

Musical Awareness

Creative Thinking Puzzle No. 3

Look at the chart on the next slide and try to say the colour out loud not the word

Creative Thinking Puzzle No. 3

Yellow Blue Orange

Black Red Green


Purple Yellow Red Orange Green Black

Creative Thinking Puzzle No. 3

Could you do it?

It would have been especially difficult if you have a strong preference for using your right hand because this is an example of right left brain conflict.
Your right brain tries to say the colour, but your left brain insists on reading the word.

Lets practice looking at things from a different angle

What can you see a vase or two faces ?

What can you see?

What can you see?

A mans face or a mermaid

What can you see?

What can you see?

A fish or a girl?

Some myths about Creativity

Some Myths about Creativity

The smarter you are, the more creative you will be The young are more creative than the old Creativity is reserved for a few the flamboyant risk-takers

Creativity is a solitary act

Stretching Your Mind

S-T-R-E-T-C-H-I-N-G

Your Mind

Take The brick and Blanket Test

This is a divergence test and requires you to use your imagination and take your mind in as many directions as possible.
With a divergence test there are no right answers, what we are looking for is the number and uniqueness of the responses. Divergence tests do not measure analytical intelligence, but something different - something closer to creativity.

Take The brick and Blanket Test

In 1 minute write down as many uses you can think of for a brick and a blanket.

Answers given by Boy A and Boy B


Boy A (brick)
To use in smash and grab raid Help hold a house together Use in game of Russian Roulette and keep fit at same time, bricks at 10 paces turn and throw no evasive action allowed To hold the eiderdown on a bed, tie a brick to each corner As a breaker of empty coca cola bottles Boy B (brick) Build things Throwing

Boy A (blanket)
To use on a bed As a tent Make smoke signals with Sail for boat, cart or sled As a substitute for a towel As a target for shooting practice for short-sighted people As a thing to catch people falling out of a burning skyscraper

Boy B (blanket)
Keeping warm Smothering fire Tying to trees to sleep in Improvised shelter

What do their answers reveal about the boys?


Do their answers reveal anything about their intelligence levels?

Both of these boys, at elite public schools, have a high IQ but Boy B is considered a prodigy with a stellar IQ

(Taken from Malcolm Gladwells book Outliers)

So what is creativity? Here are a few peoples thoughts.


What do you think do you agree?

Whats your own creative style?

Whats your own creative style

I prefer structure in my work I solve problems by refining, extending, improving the current accepted paradigm I prefer incremental change I want to do things better

I prefer an unstructured work routine I solve problems by breaking, eliminating, replacing the current accepted paradigm I prefer transformational change I want to do things differently

For more information www.kaicentre.com

Whats your own creative style

Adaptive Style
I prefer structure in my work I solve problems by refining, extending, improving the current accepted paradigm I prefer incremental change I want to do things better

Innovative Style
I prefer an unstructured work routine I solve problems by breaking, eliminating, replacing the current accepted paradigm I prefer transformational change I want to do things differently

For more information www.kaicentre.com

How others can see extreme adaptors or innovators

Adaptive Dogmatic, compliant, stuck in a rut, timid conforming and inflexible

Innovative Unsound, impractical, abrasive, undisciplined, insensitive, and one who loves to create confusion

Thinking about your organization..

Think about your own organisation:

What are the main blocks to creativity?


How many barriers to people have to overcome before a creative idea is accepted?

Blocks and Blockbusters to Creativity

Making Assumptions

Check Assumptions

Following the rules

Break the Rules

Blocks and Blockbusters to Creativity

Over-reliance on logic

Use imagination and intuition

Fear of Failure

Risk-taking culture

Conceptual Blocks?

They are:
The mental obstacles that constrain the way the problem is defined and limit the number of alternative solutions thought to be relevant

What are your conceptual blocks?


The more formal education individuals have the less able they are to solve problems in creative ways because they may be looking for the right answer or trying to apply analytical rules or thinking boundaries

Conceptual blocks continued

The more experience people have in a job the less able they may be to solve problems in creative ways because they are looking at the proper way of doing things, they have specialized knowledge or rigid expectations of appropriate actions

Conceptual blocks continued

The more complacent people are the less willing they are to be inquisitive or think about things/systems/processes in their job

Strengthen your weakest elements

Build creative teams by combining the creative strengths of individuals

Generating Lots of New Ideas

There are lots of ways of doing this, including


BRAINSTORMING

There are no absolute rules about brainstorming, but here are a few things you might like to consider:
Get a group of people together who can generate lots of ideas Have plenty of supplies such as pens and paper ready Establish a sense of urgency by setting a strict time limit, e.g. 5 minutes Each person shouts out lots of ideas in turn. Each idea is written down without stopping at this stage to consider them just keep the ideas coming Capture everything

After the Brainstorming Session filter the ideas

Ideas that can be refined to give workable solutions

Some Common Barriers to Working This way Time Doubts and fears about new ways of working Giving employees the power to input their ideas Would the brainstorming session raise uncomfortable issues such as areas in the organization which are not working well at the moment

Organizational Characteristics that Support Creativity and Innovation

A final thought from an expert in invention and innovation

And I leave you with this final thought from Thomas Edison - the man who is widely credited with inventing the light bulb .

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