TRANSGENIC ANIMALS

PREPARED BY: GUNJAN LAKHANPAL

INTRODUCTIO N
A transgenic animal is an

organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. These techniques, generally known as recombinant DNA technology use DNA molecules from different sources which are combined into one molecule to create a new set of genes. This DNA is then transferred into an organism, giving it modified or

First transgenic animal The first transgenic animal was Rudolf .

Jaenischs mice. Jaenisch is a professor of biology at MIT. In the 1970s he successfully introduced an outside gene into the mice embryos. The mice and their offspring developed leukemia.

Red flouroscent cats

South Korean scientists have cloned cats that look reddish under ultraviolet light by modifying a protein gene to change their skin color.

Glowing pup

Methods of transfection
Microinjection DEAE dextran method Lipofection Electroporation Particle gun delivery Calcium phosphate precipitation

MICROINJECTION

DEAE dextran method

This method is used in the delivery of proteins and drugs. Positively charged DEAE dextran binds with the negatively charged DNA. The complex adsorbs to negatively charged cellular membrane and is taken into the cell by endocytosis.

Liposome mediated method

Electroporation
Electromechanical process We just disturb the charge of plasma membrane, it causes transient entry of molecules. Due to this disturbance, the plasma membrane opens temporarily and molecules moves inside

Particle Gun Delivery

It is a device used for injecting the cells with genetic information.

 Altered dna to be put in the cells, and dna containing a special marker gene are dissolved in phosphate buffer. A solution of calcium chloride is added slowly, and a precipitate(CaPO4) formed with the DNA attached to it

Calcium phosphate transfection

Advantages
Increased growth rate Improved quality Disease resistant nutritional supplements and pharmaceuticals- Products such as insulin, growth hormone have already been obtained from the milk of transgenic cows, sheep etc. Xenotransplantation- Patients die every year for lack of a replacement heart, liver, or kidney , Transgenic pigs may provide

Disadvantages
Inserted gene has more than one function Breeding problems Expensive Sometimes lead to mutagenesis and functional disorders Low survival rate of transgenic animals.

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