Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Bio – life
ology - study
Definition Microbiology
branch of biology which deals with the study of
minute living microorganism usually not visible to
the naked eye
Scope of Microbiology
John Tyndall
proved that dust carried germs
also found out that bacterial spores could be killed
by successive heating
tyndallization (Fractional sterilization) - heating
with free-flowing steam for 30-60min for 3
consecutive days at 100°C
By 1860, the debate had become so heated
that the Paris Academy of Sciences offered a
prize for any experiments that would help
resolve this conflict
The prize was claimed in 1864 by Louis
Pasteur, as he published the results of an
experiment he did to disproved spontaneous
generation in microscopic organisms
Giving rise to the
Theory of Biogenesis
The Theory of Biogenesis
Experiment showed that life did not spontaneously
appeared
Meat broth was boiled in a flask to kill microorganisms
The neck of the flask was heated and bent into the shape of
an S
Microorganisms could not get into broth because they
would settle in S shaped neck before contact with broth
No growth was in discovered in the broth
Kingdom Protista
members of this kingdom are distinguished from plants and
animals
Algae
Protozoa
Fungi
Molds (multicellular)
Yeasts (single-celled)
Kingdom Monera
Monera is the only "kingdom" containing prokaryotic
organisms
Bacteria
Kingdom Protista
↓
members of this kingdom are distinguished from
plants and animals by their following
characteristics
1. Simple organization
2. Unicellular or Multicellular
Protist
- undifferentiated unicellular organisms that do not form the
specialized tissues and organ systems of higher plants and
animals
• lower protists
• bacteria,
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
archaebacteria (methanogens,
extreme halophiles,
thermoacidophiles)
• characteristics:
- lack a nucleus or nuclear membrane
- has a ribosome
- have no organelles, histones and
only in rare cases complex phospholipids,
sphingolipids and sterols
- chemical activities takes place in the cytoplasm
- have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan with muramic acid
- are haploid with a single chromosome composed solely of DNA