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Bachelor of Engineering
Submitted to: Vikas Jain (Electrical Dept.)
Department of Electrical Engineering
The DCS was introduced in 1975. Both Honeywell and Japanese electrical engineering firm Yokogawa introduced their own independently produced DCSs at roughly the same time, with the TDC 2000 and CENTUM[2] systems, respectively.
Local Computer
Local Display
Local Computer
Local Display
PROCESS
DCS Elements-1
Local Control Unit: This unit can handle 8 to 16 individual PID loops. Data Acquisition Unit: Digital (discrete) and analog I/O can be handle. Batch Sequencing Unit: This unit controls a timing counters, arbitrary function generators, and internal logic. Local Display: This device provides analog display stations, and video display for readout. Bulk Memory Unit: This unit is used to store and recall process data.
DCS Elements-2
General Purpose Computer : This unit is programmed by a customer or third party to perform optimization, advance control, expert system, etc Central Operator Display: This unit typically contain several consoles for operator communication with the system, and multiple video color graphics display units Data Highway : A serial digital data transmission link connecting all other components in the system. It allow for redundant data highway to reduce the risk of data loss Local area Network (LAN)
Digital computers are more flexible because they are programmable and no limitation to the complexity of the computations it can carry out. Digital systems are more precise. Digital system cost less to install and maintain Digital data in electronic files can be printed out, displayed on color terminals, stored in highly compressed form.
Advantages of DCS
Access a large amount of current information from the data highway. Monitoring trends of past process conditions.
A sight full engineer can use the flexibility of the framework to implement his latest controller design ideas on the host computer.
Additional Advantage
Digital DCS systems are more flexible. Control algorithms can be changed and control configuration can be modified without having rewiring the system.
APPLICATIONS
Distributed Control Systems (DCSs) are dedicated systems used to control manufacturing processes that are continuous or batch-oriented
such as oil refining, petrochemicals, central station power generation, pharmaceuticals, food & beverage manufacturing, cement production, steelmaking, and papermaking.
A Human-Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus which presents process data to a human operator, and through which the human operator controls the process. The HMI system usually presents the information to the operating personnel graphically, in the form of a mimic diagram. This means that the operator can see a schematic representation of the plant being controlled.
HMI CONTINUE.
For example, a picture of a pump connected to a pipe can show the operator that the pump is running and how much fluid it is pumping through the pipe at the moment. The operator can then switch the pump off. The HMI software will show the flow rate of the fluid in the pipe decrease in real time. Mimic diagrams may consist of line graphics and schematic symbols to represent process elements, or may consist of digital photographs of the process equipment overlain with animated symbols.
(A/D) Transducers convert analog signals to digital signals. (Sensor Computer) (D/A) Transducers convert digital signals to analog signals. (Computer Valve)
DCS Vendors
Thank You