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1- Original purposes
Helping students read and appreciate
the grammar of their native language also write and speak their native language better
Helpful for mental exercise
Objectives of GTM
To be able to read literature written in the target language To be able to translate from one language to another To develop reading and writing skill
native language and are also answered by the teacher also in their native language
The teacher asks students in their
native language
correct answers
If students answer incorrectly, the teacher
Very little teaching is done in the target language. Instead, readings in the target language are translated directly and then discussed in the native language. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation. Grammar is taught with extensive explanations in the native language, and only later applied in the production of sentences through translation from one language to the other.
A class working with the Grammar Translation Method looks like this:
1. Classes are taught in the mother tongue, with little active use of the target language. 2. Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words. 3. Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 4. Grammar provides the rule for putting words together, and instruction often focuses on the form and inflection of words. 5. Reading of difficult classical texts is begun early. 6. Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in grammatical analysis.
5.Student5.Student-Teacher Interaction
Students-teacher interaction (mostly) y Students initation is little
y
Principles
8.View of Language
y Literary language
is superior to spoken
language
12.Role of L1
Classroom language is L1 y Meaning of L2 is made clear by translation into L1
y
13.Evaluation
Written tests ( students translate from L1 to L2, L2 to L1) y Questions about L2 and applying grammar rules
y
Techniques
Translation of literary passage Reading comprehension questions Use of antonyms/synonyms Use of cognates Deductive application of a rule Fill-in-the-blanks Memorization Use words in sentences; and Composition
Techniques
Translation of
a literary passage
and then translate the target language into their native language
Translation may be written or spoken Translation made by the students can show that
Deductive
application of rules
Reading
comprehension questions
language
Answers to the questions may be in the
reading text, or based on the understanding of the students or students own experiences related to the text
Memorization
Students are asked to memorize new words, grammatical
missing
Students should fill in the blanks with the new
Use
words in sentences
target language The topic is based on some aspect of the reading passage
Advantages of GTM
An
Students learn
More Advantages
Easiest for teachers to use Does not require teachers to speak good English or make good lesson preparations.
Only uses the textbook Least stressful for students-teaching occurs in the first language
with the forms of the target language but only in reading and writing
Students lack the ability of listening
Disadvantage of GTM
Wrong
Disadvantages
Students lack comprehension-only translating word-for-word Does not allow students to create meaning in English Students do not learn to read. Extensive memorization Very little student/teacher and student/student interaction
This method gives pupils the wrong idea of what language is and of the relationship between languages. Language is seen as a collection or words which are isolated and independent. Worst effect of this method is on pupil's motivation. Because (s)he cannot succeed - leads to frustration, boredom and indiscipline.
It seemed there was no need for students to master the four skills of English (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) The grammar-translation grammarmethod is the easiest for a teacher to employ. It doesn't require a teacher to speak good English or make good lesson preparations.