INTRODUCTION

It is a wireless system for delivering television programs directly to the viewers house. In DTH television, the broadcast signals are transmitted from satellites orbiting the Earth to the viewers house. The viewers dish picks up the signal from the satellite and passes it on to the receiver located inside the viewers house. The receiver processes the signal and passes it on to the television.

PROBLEMS WITH BROADCAST TV

The main limitation of broadcast TV is range. The other problem with broadcast TV is that the signal is often distorted, even in the viewing area.

SATELLITE TV SOLUTION

Satellites are higher in the sky than TV antennas, so they have a much larger line of sight range

SATELLITE TV SYSTEM
Components of DTH: 1. Programming Source, 2. Broadcast Center, 3. Satellite, 4. Satellite Dish, 5. Receiver.

STELLITE TV SYSTEM

Programming sources are simply the channels that provide programming for broadcast. The broadcast center is the central hub of the system. At the broadcast center, the TV provider receives signals from various programming sources and beams a broadcast signal to satellites in geosynchronous orbit. The satellites receive the signals from the broadcast station and rebroadcast them to Earth. The viewer's dish picks up the signal from the satellite and passes it on to the receiver in the viewer's house. The receiver processes the signal and passes it on to a standard TV.

SATELLITE TV PROGRAMMING
Satellite TV providers get programming from two major sources:

national turnaround channels (such as HBO, ESPN and CNN) various local channels

ADVANTAGE OF SATELLITE TV OVER CABLE TV

Cable TV

Satellite TV

Cable has limited access in rural areas, increased service costs, subject to local taxes.

Satellite offers movie-quality audio and picture display readily available in rural and urban areas provides access to more digital and high definition programming.

ADVANTAGES OF CABLE TV OVER SATELLITE TV

CABLE TV

SATELLITE TV

Improved audio and picture quality additional channels at a lower cost than satellite access cable channels from multiple rooms

expensive to purchase all the equipment access satellite TV in multiple rooms, extra fees will be charged. subjected to weather-related malfunctions.

SATELLITE TV SIGNAL

Satellite signals have a long path to follow before they appear on TV screen. impossible to transmit them without compression. Compression means that unnecessary or repetitive information is removed from the signal before it is transmitted. The signal is reconstructed after transmission.

STANDARDS OF COMPRESSION

MPEG-1: encoding and decoding streaming video and audio files. MPEG-2: the standard for digital television, for transmission of high-quality video. MPEG-4: compressing high-definition video into smaller-scale files that stream to computers, cell phones and PDAs (personal digital assistants). MPEG-21: also referred to as the Multimedia Framework.

SATELLITE TV ENCODING
Each frame can be encoded in one of three ways:

As an intraframe, which contains the complete image data for that frame. As a predicted frame, which contains information to tell the satellite receiver how to display the frame based on the most recently displayed intraframe or predicted frame. As a bidirectional frame, which displays information from the surrounding intraframe or predicted frames.

ENCRYPTION AND TRANSMISSION

Encryption scrambles the digital data in such a way that it can only be decrypted if the receiver has the correct decryption algorithm and security keys. Once the signal is compressed and encrypted, the broadcast center beams it directly to one of its satellites.

SATELLITE DISH

The curved dish reflects energy from the feed horn, generating a narrow beam

 The

curved dish focuses incoming radio waves onto the feed horn.

SATELLITE RECEIVER

The end component in the entire satellite TV system is the receiver(set top box/unit). The receiver has four essential jobs:

It de-scrambles the encrypted signal. It takes the digital MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 signal and converts it into an analog format. It extracts the individual channels from the larger satellite signal It keeps track of pay-per-view programs and periodically phones a computer at the provider's headquarters to communicate billing information.