Module 1 Safety Induction

To successfully complete this module, delegates must be able to:

Identify the main offshore hazards, explain their potential consequences and how they are controlled. Explain the potential environmental impact of offshore installation operations. State key offshore installation safety regulations and explain the basic concept of these regulations. Explain the principles of managing safety on offshore installations. State the procedures for prescribed medicines offshore Explain the alcohol and substance abuse policy Explain PPE requirements of commuting to, and working on an offshore installation. Explain how to report incidents, accidents and near misses on an offshore installation. Explain the role of the Offshore Medic.

Offshore Oil & Gas Activities

Exploration and Production (1): Oil Traps

Impermeable Some rocks are permeable and allow oil and gas to freely pass through them Other rocks are impermeable and block the upward passage of oil and gas Where oil and gas rises up into a dome (or anticline) capped by impermeable rocks it can t escape. This is one type of an Oil Trap. Dome Trap Permeable

Exploration and Production (2): Reservoir Rocks

The permeable strata in an oil trap is known as the Reservoir Rock Reservoir rocks have lots of interconnected holes called pores. These absorb the oil and gas like a sponge

This is a highly magnified picture of aAs oil migrates it rockup the pores sandy reservoir fills (water-filled (oil-filled pores in blue) pores are shownshown in black)

Exploration and Production (3): Seismic Surveys

Drill here!

Seismic surveys are used to locate likely rock structures underground in which oil and gas might be found Shock waves are fired into the ground. These bounce off layers of rock and reveal any structural domes that might contain oil

Exploration and Production (4): Drilling the well

Once

an oil or gas prospect has been identified, a hole is drilled to assess the potential The cost of drilling is very great. On an offshore rig, it may cost $10,000 for each metre drilled. A company incurs vast losses for every dry hole drilled

Exploration and Production (5): Enhanced Recovery

Although oil and gas are less dense than water and naturally rise up a well to the surface, in reality only 40-50% of the total will do so. To enhance recovery, a hole is drilled adjacent to the well and steam is pumped down. The hot water helps to push the oil out of the rock and up into the well.

Deep Water Drilling Well Design

1500m Water Depth

36 conductor @ 1570m 26 Hole 20 Csg @ 2100m

17-1/2 Hole

13-3/8 Csg @ 3000m

3150m

12-1/4 Hole

9-5/8 Csg @ 4000m

Types of Offshore Installation

Submersible Rigs
 These rigs are towed on location and are capable of working in water depths from 18 to 70 feet.  They are composed of an upper deck and lower hull connected by beams.  On some types a large bottle, or something similar, is located on each corner of the rig for stability.  These bottles, as well as the lower hull itself, are filled with water to set the rig on bottom and stabilize against movement.

JackJack-up Rigs
 These rigs are normally towed on location, but a few are self-propelled.  They are composed of an upper deck supported by either three or more legs attached to mats or spud cans and are capable of working in water depths from 30 to 350 feet.  These mats or cans rest on the ocean floor with the deck jacked up into drilling position.

SemiSemi-Submersible / Drill Ships

Use anchors or dynamic positioning to remain in location. location. Dynamics use several special propellers called thrusters which compensate for sea movements such as waves and tides thus allowing the vessel to or installation to hold the position even in the severe weather condition. condition. The computer allocates the engine power to the different thruster under the hull after calculating the desired position. position. The information needed for the calculation are fed into the computer by satellite navigators, beacons on the seabed, electronics positioning systems, wind , wave and current indicators. indicators. Drill Ships SemiSemi-Submersible

Fixed Platform
Used in swamps, bays, inland water, shallow offshore. Floated and towed to location On location these rigs are submerged Well is drilled Personnel and supplies are brought in by boat.

FIXED PLATFORM

FPSO
The FPSO is designed to receive, process and store oil or natural gas and can be maneuvered to serve different locations. They are effective in remote or deepwater locations where seabed pipelines are not cost effective. FPSOs eliminate the need to lay expensive long-distance pipelines from the oil well to an onshore terminal.

FPSO

Semi submersible Platform

Semi-submersible platforms can be moved from place to place; can be ballasted up or down by altering the amount of flooding in buoyancy tanks; they are generally anchored by combinations of chain, wire rope or polyester rope, or both, during drilling or production operations, or both, though they can also be kept in place by the use of dynamic positioning. Semi-submersibles can be used in water depths from 200 to 10,000 feet (60 to 3,000 m).

Tension-leg platform or Extended Tension Leg Platform (ETLP)

is a vertically moored floating structure normally used for the offshore production of oil or gas, and is particularly suited for water depths greater than 300 metres (about 1000 ft) and less than 1500 meters (about 4900 ft)

TENSION LEG PLATFORM

Construction Heavy lift Barges

With lifting capacities greater than 10,000 tons, heavy lift cranes are used in single-lift operations. I The equipment, such as topsides, are lifted from the barge and mated with the facility jacket in one heavy lift.

Float over Installation

This method of marine installation requires a vessel with a hydraulic pumping system that allows the vessel to submerge itself under the water, and then reemerge.

Construction contd.
A pipe laying ship is a maritime vessel used in the construction of subsea infrastructure. It serves to connect oil production platforms with refineries on shore. To accomplish this goal a typical pipe laying vessel carries a heavy lift crane, used to install pumps and valves, and equipment to lay pipe between subsea structures. Lay methods consist of S-lay and J-lay and can be reel-lay or welded length by length. Pipe-laying ships make use of dynamic positioning systems or anchor spreads to maintain the correct position and speed while laying pipe.

PIPE LAYING SHIP

PIPE LAYING SHIP

Specialist Vessel
Offshore Supply Transports and stores materials, equipment and/or personnel (excluding crew boats) to, from and between offshore installations. Anchor Handling & Towing Handle anchors of offshore floating installations and/or towing operations. Fire fighting Carry out fire fighting operations. Diving & ROV Support Provide support for diving system and underwater remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs). Oil Spill Recovery Recover oil from the water and near shorelines in response to an oil spill in the marine environment. Safety Standby Rescue Adapted with special features for evacuating and receiving personnel from an offshore installation, these vessels are also used in the rescue and care of people from another vessel at sea. .

Specialist Vessels in Offshore

Offshore Supply Vessel

Offshore Firefighting vessel

Offshore Firefighting vessel

Diving & ROV Support Vessel

Well Intervention Vessel

Wind turbine installation

Specialist vessel contd..

Pipe Laying Used in subsea pipeline installations. Heavy Lift Lift heavy loads in oil drilling and production operations, offshore construction and/or salvage operations. Heavy lift OSVs have a lifting capacity of 160 metric tons and above. Well Intervention, Stimulation & Test Designed and equipped, either permanently or temporarily, to carry out well intervention, well stimulation and/or well test services. Escort Provide assistance to disabled vessels in emergencies involving impaired maneuverability due to loss of propulsion or steering or both. Wind Turbine Installation, Maintenance & Repair Used for installing, maintaining and repairing wind turbines

FLOATEL

A floatel is made up of a semi submersible It can be attached to a semi submersible and give extra accommodation for added employees. It provides a place for catering and leisure activities

UNIQUE HAZARDS TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

Poor Machine Guarding Catheads Rotary Tables

Gases

Falls

Slipping

High Pressure Hoses

Tripping
23

Definition Of Hazard, Risk And Control Measures

Hazard is a biological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that has the potential
to cause harm

Risk is the likelihood of identified hazards causing harm in exposed population s in a

specified time frame, including the magnitude of that harm and/or the consequences. Risk control Taking actions to eliminate or reduce the likelihood that exposure to a hazard will result in injury or disease.

Barrier
Measure which reduces the probability of releasing a hazard s potential for harm or which reduces its consequences. (Barriers are Controls or Defenses.) The hierarchy of barriers is: a) prevention, b) detection, c) control, d) mitigation, e) emergency response.

OFFSHORE HAZARDS Pressure hazards Offshore oil and Gas workers are exposed to various pressure
hazards that are inherent to the area of work. These include : Oil/gas reservoir Process/drilling pipe work Water and gas injection Jacking and skidding Gas compression and noise

Motion hazards are created by

Drilling tubular engaged in boring activity. Exposed machinery parts such as on drill floors, shell shakers, etc.. Moving heavy equipment and Manual handling

Chemical hazards

Offshore Installation use a variety of chemicals that includes:

drilling chemicals, process chemicals and Solvents, etc.. These chemicals are poisonous, corrosive and can cause  fire and explosion Narcotic effects of reservoir fluids/gases including hydrocarbon gas and deadly gas like Hydrogen Sulphide H2S is produced during drilling and production process.

OFFSHORE HAZARDS Contd

Electrical hazards :
Electricity is a non-obvious hazard for non-electricians. One cannot see, smell or feel it. Exposure to electric hazards usually occurs due to negligence. A precaution to work maintenance of electrical equipment, faulty electrical equipment

Gravity hazards :
These includes: working under suspended loads, working at heights Working over the sides and slips & trips etc..

Well Control Incident Explosion and fire Accommodation fire Helicopter incident Pipeline incident Collision or wave damage causing structural collapse Loss of stability (Mobile installations)

Consequences of failure to control the risks Major Accidents in Oil & Gas Industries
Piper Alpha
1988 Major fire and explosion 167 people died Caused by PTW failure, PFP flaws and layout issues

Bombay High
2005 MSV collision with platform and major fire 11 People died Caused by riser damage from MSV impact

Texas City Refinery

2005 petroleum distillate overflowed causing explosion & flash fire 14 People died Caused by maintenance & process start-up flaws

Consequences of failure to control the risks

Surface Blowout

Riser / Pipeline Releases

Process HC Releases Fires / Explosions Structural damage

1) 2) a) b) c) d) 3) a) b) c) 4) a) b) c) d) 5) a) b) c) d)

The Hierarchy of Controls includes: Hazard Elimination or Substitution (Design) Engineering Controls Barriers Guards (Fixed, Movable w/interlocks) Safeguarding Devices Complementary Protective Measures Information for Use Hazard Warnings Manuals HMI* & Awareness Devices (lights, horns) Administrative Controls Training SOP s, Hazardous Energy Control Procedures (see [5, 14]) Authorization Personal Protective Equipment Specification Fitting Training in use Maintenance

Principle of Crocodile
Identify the risk

Principle of Crocodile
Evaluate the risk

Principle of Crocodile
Eliminate the risk

Principle of Crocodile
Substitute the risk

Principle of Crocodile
Isolate the risk

Principle of Crocodile
Use Personal Protective Equipment

Principle of Crocodile
Or else .Run away !

HANDLING TUBULARS
Hazards: Being struck by rolling or falling tubular. Being struck by or caught between tubular and other objects during movement (for example, being struck by tubular being tailed into the rig floor). Slips, trips, and falls. Getting struck by falling tubular due to lifting equipment failure. Controls: Use powered industrial truck (forklift) properly. Work the tubular from the ends from ground level. Chock or pin tubulars on the racks properly. Level your pipe racks properly. Stand clear of suspended, hoisted, or moving loads. Be aware of tubulars or equipment being lifted through the V-door. Be familiar with proper use, inspection, and maintenance practices. Before each tour inspect the: Wire rope and slings, Catlin ropes and knots (do not allow a rope to lie in standing water), and Chains and hooks. Stand clear of suspended, hoisted or moving loads And be aware of your surroundings.

Generator, Electric Motors and Electrical Systems

Hazards: Receiving flash burns or shocks when servicing motors, generators, and breaker panels. Being caught in moving equipment. Controls: Do not wash down generators, electric motors and breaker panels with water hose. Use proper lockout/tag out procedures. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Avoid wearing jewelry. Do not stand directly in front of breakers when operating. Use dielectric mat in front of control panel or breaker panel. Avoid wearing jewelry. Use proper lockout/tag out procedures. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Cover with appropriate shields or guards all exposed revolving parts such as belts, flexible drives, generators, shafts and other moving parts to prevent contact and injury.

BOP
Hazards: Receiving injuries caused by loss of well control.

Controls: Appropriate training for tasks performed. Example topics include the following: Causes of kicks, including detection Pressure concepts and calculations Well control procedures Gas characteristics and behavior Fluids Constant bottom hole pressure well control methods Well control equipment Regulatory information Use of appropriate well control equipment per API RP 53 Specification Installation Maintenance

MATERIAL HANDLING
1. Material handling is one of the most hazardous activities associated in offshore 2. Personnel must be alert, keeping eyes on the crane operator, crane block, load and rigging. 3.Positions where you can become trapped should be avoided. 4. Keep your body, hands, and feet out from under loads. 5. Use tag lines on all suspended loads if possible. 6. When a crane operator cannot see all operations, a signal man must be used to give visual direction. 7. Extreme care should be used when loosening ties on pipe bundles. 8. Where a special sling or container is provided for a particular job, they must always be used for that task. 9.Do not improvise rigging. SCAFFOLDING All scaffold access systems must be erected by competent and approved erectors and inspected prior to use.

SLIPS AND FALLS

Slips and falls are another hazard that can be prevented by personal care. The following are rules you should follow: a. Personnel shall keep the working area clean and orderly. Tools shall not be left lying on the floor or decking where they present tripping hazards. b. Walkways and grating shall be kept in good condition. Damaged or deteriorated grating shall be repaired or replaced as soon as possible and shall be roped off or closed until repairs are completed. c. Oil spills and slippery areas shall be immediately cleaned. d. Extra precautions shall be taken when walking on wet surfaces. e. As a routine practice, personnel shall not walk or climb on piping, valves, fittings or any other equipment not designed as walking surfaces. Work stands shall be designed and used for working on specific equipment. f. Stairways, ramps or stiles shall be installed where personnel must walk or step over pipe in the course of normal duties.

GENERAL SAFETY RULES

1. Accident Prevention

Responsibility 2. Reporting Personal Injuries and other Incidents 3. Station Bills 4. Drills 5. Emergency Duties 6. Platforms, Drilling Rigs & Storage Barge 7. Housekeeping 8. Permit To Work (PTW) & Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 9. Lockout/ Tag out (Energy Isolation)

10. Electrical 11. Open Flames and Welding 12. Machinery

13. Operational Changes 14. Hazardous Chemicals 15. Working Over Water 16. Ladders/ Stairway 17. Guards & Handrails 18. Temporary Railings and Barricades 19. Gambling, Liquor & Narcotics 22. Horseplay Smoking Portable Lifting Equipment Suspended Loads Mechanical Lifting (crane hoist etc.) Material Storage Doors and Escape Routes Nothing to be Thrown Overboard Signs and Tags

THE IMPORTANCE OF CORRECT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS

Cover All: 100% cotton fiber Long pants and shirt or coveralls are required Loose or ragged clothing shall not be worn at work locations. Clothing (including shoes) saturated with petroleum products or chemicals shall be removed immediately to prevent skin irritation and possible ignition. Personnel handling hazardous chemicals or substances shall wear suitable protective clothing as specified on the label or MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet). SAFETY HARD HATS An approved plastic safety hard hat, equipped with a chin strap for windy conditions, Metal hard hats are forbidden. EYE PROTECTION Adequate eye and face protection devices must be worn when there is a danger of flying particles (when grinding, chipping, buffing, welding, etc.) or when handling corrosive liquids or Eye protection with dark lenses must be worn near burning, cutting, arc welding, or wherever light or heat rays can cause eye injuries. Welding operations produce ultra violet light which may damage the eye. Screens should be used by the welders to protect other personnel in the area.

The importance of correct personal clothing contd

HEARING PROTECTION
All personnel working in areas where noise levels exceed 85 decibels A(dBA) for 8 hours. While offshore, it is recommended that hearing protection be worn at all times outside the quarters and especially while riding on crew boats.

GLOVES
Wear the correct protective gloves when handling: wire ropes and slings (use leather gloves) corrosive materials (use rubber gloves) hot items (use welders gloves) sharp materials (use general work gloves) WORK VESTS All employees will wear work vests while riding crew boats, supply boats and personnel baskets and prior to entering areas below cellar deck level.

LIFE JACKETS
All personnel will wear life jackets when traveling by helicopter, during an emergency or a drill on Drilling Rig, and Construction Barge or in the lifeboat/life raft/rescue boat.

RESPIRATORS AND BREATHING EQUIPMENT

Appropriate dust or canister masks must be worn when working with dusty materials, paint spraying, grit blasting, etc. Any hindrance, such as beards, that will not permit a tight seal of the breathing apparatus to the face is not allowed

Regulating Offshore Safety

Safety in the offshore environment is controlled and monitored at various but distinct levels. Government controls safety offshore, with legislation such as the Health and Safety at Work Act, the Mineral Workings (Offshore Installations) Act and the Merchant Shipping Act. The requirement of these Acts of Parliament are then applied to the industry through the government departments concerned, such as the Offshore Installation Safety Directorate through Statutory Instruments such as Petroleum Rules, META regulations, DGCA training directives, etc. These statutory instruments are regulations which control all standards ranging from standard for equipment used, mandatory training and height of railings to the speed of lifeboats. The government monitors the application of the regulations through its industry inspectors and surveyors, who make spot checks and flying visits, investigate complaints and accidents. Surveys and certification complete the governmental monitoring system.

Offshore regulator for safety:

Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) :Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) is a technical directorate under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas that formulates and coordinates the implementation of a series of self regulatory measures aimed at enhancing the safety in the oil & gas industry in India. The rules make references to standards in general, with statements such as: Designing, constructing, installing and maintaining the installation in accordance with recognized standards; Ensure safe storage, transport and handling of toxic and radioactive substances Accumulator for surface and sub surface well control equipment shall have minimum usable fluid capacity as per industry standards in order to perform closing and opening sequences as applicable to secure the well. The blow out preventer with associated valves and other pressure control equipment on the facility The floating facilities are in accordance with the requirements contained in the applicable standards concerning stability, water tightness and watertight and weather tight closing means on mobile offshore units.

National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority

Diving Safety Management Systems (DSMS), Well Operations Management Plans (WOMPs), and Applications For Approval To Undertake A Well Activity (AAUWAs). Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response Regulations (PFEER) Design and Construction Regulations (DCR) Statutory Instrument (SI) Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) Health and Safety Executive Sector (HSE)

HIERARCHY OF LEGILATION 1.

HIERARCHY OF LEGILATION
EU directives Acts/ regulations/ACOP s etc HASAWA supported by regulations Goal setting rather than prescriptive

2. HASAWA Duties of employer & employees Concept of ALARP

3. REGULATIONS Mostly risk assessment based MHSW COSHH Noise Environment

4. USE OF ISO STANDARDS ISO 9001-2008 Quality Management System ISO 14000 ISO 18000

EMS OSHA

5. SAFETY CASE REGULATIONS Identification of major hazards, risks and control measures Demonstration of how safety is managed (SMS) How safety is audited Acceptance by HSE Verification of safety critical systems and performance standards

HIERARCHY OF LEGILATION
6. Prevention of Fire and Explosion, and Emergency Response Regulations (PFEER) Goals for prevention/protection & emergency response Emergency response planning Performance standards

7. ROLE OF THE HEALTH & SAFETY EXECUTIVE

HID/ Offshore division Scope Activities Powers of the HSE inspector

HIERARCHY OF LEGILATION
EU directives: The Directive establishes a hierarchy, a strategy for prioritizing management of waste as follows: a) Prevention (b) Re-use (c) Recycling (d) Processing or recovery (e) Disposal
Acts/ regulations/ACOP s etc This Approved Code of Practice gives practical advice on the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (HSWA) and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999 (COSHH) (a) identify and assess sources of risk (b) prepare a scheme for preventing or controlling the risk; (c) implement, manage and monitor precautions (d) keep records of the precautions; and (e) appoint a person to be managerially responsible.
HASAWA supported by regulations The Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA) places general duties for health and safety on all people at work - employers, employees and self-employed, manufacturers, suppliers, designers and importers of materials used at work, and people in control of premises. Individuals, as well as or instead of the Practice itself, may be prosecuted for breaches of the Act. Goal setting rather than prescriptive: The legislation sets the broad safety goals to be attained and the operator of the facility develops the most appropriate methods of achieving those goals. A basic tenet is the premise that the ongoing management of safety is the responsibility of the operator and not the regulator.

ALARP Triangle

Earlier risk IR 1 Risk after Safety System performance Assessment IR 3 Base case risk IR 2

Potential residual risk after improvements IR 4

Regulations :Mostly Risk Assessment Based

Management of Health and Safety of Work (MHSW) Regulations, 1999 The aim of the regulations is to reduce damage by assessing all potential risks and to create action plans for emergencies. Risk assessments periodically and making modifications if there are any significant changes in working practices or equipment If safety procedures can ever be improved, appropriate steps should be taken accordingly. Familiarize yourself with the hazards and risks in your workplace. Training to avoid hazardous situations. Lengthening of working day, removal of taking screening breaks etc for meeting deadlines should be avoided. The significant hazards are identified, and that the actual working practices are addressed and if need be, changed so as to reduce any risk

Environmental Laws
RIA
The Water Act - 1974 The Water Cess Act - 1977 The Air Act - 1981 The Environment Protection Act - 1986 The Hazardous Waste (M & H) Rules-1989 The Hazardous Chemicals (MSI) Rules, 1989 Environment Impact Assessment-1994 & 2006 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification-1991 The Chemical Accidents Rules, 1998 Recycled Plastics (M & H) Rules-1999 Biomedical Waste (M & H) Rules-1998 Ground Water Management Notification-1997 Noise Pollution (R & C) Rules-2000 Ozone Depleting Substances (R & C) Rules-2000 Batteries (M & H) Rules-2001

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations [COSHH)

Precautions to be taken while handling Chemicals Smoking, eating and drinking is prohibited while handling chemicals. Ensure all chemicals are segregated by type and properly labeled. Use only containers and materials known to be suitable to the chemical. Do not mix chemicals unless following written instructions. Properly neutralize and dispose of unused chemicals and their containers. Clean up and immediately give special attention to your personal hygiene after handling chemicals. If a chemical contacts your body, immediately go to the nearest emergency shower or source of clean water and flush the exposed area with large quantities of water. Immediately remove all contaminated clothing. Obtain first aid and follow-up medical attention.

Emergency Actions For Hazardous Substances Notify control room/ radio room. Remain calm. Consider any leak or spill of unknown substances to be dangerous. Put on personal protective equipment. Do not act hastily. Do not breath, taste, or touch it. Identify the material first. Consult MSDS for proper handling precautions - actions. Work in pairs and have a back-up. Do not be over-confident.

Emergency shower and eyewash

Familiar yourself with the locations of emergency shower and eyewash.

Material Safety Data Sheets

1. Identification of material and supplier 2. Composition/information on ingredients 3. Hazards identification 4. First-aid measures 5. Fire fighting measures 6. Accidental release measures 7. Handling and storage 8. Exposure controls and personal protection 9. Physical and chemical properties 10. Stability and reactivity 11. Toxicological information 12. Ecological information 13. Disposal considerations 14. Transport information 15. Regulatory information 16. Other information

NOISE
Turn the noisy machine around Do proper m aintenance and lubrication of the noisy equipment Use ear PPE (ear plugs or ear muffs) Use equipment with no or very little noise Have silencers on engine exhaust Have absorptive materials (engine mountings) Have screens wherever possible Stay away from noisy equipment if possible Reduce the time of exposure to noise

Items forbidden
Do not take these items to offshore. Drugs, Alcohol or empty alcohol containers Firearms or fire works Weapons or explosives Pressurized containers Such as WD-40, Spray Paints etc Mobile phone Camera of any kind Knives Matches, lighters Magnetic Materials Radio Active Materials or Mercury High Powered Radio Equipment

Employee Responsibilities:
Employees have a responsibility to maintain safe work practices to the extent that they are capable and is dependent on adequate induction, training and supervision by the employer. (a) Performing the risk assessments of hazardous substances in the workplace. (b) Induction and training programs. (c) Use the control measures provided for hazardous substances, plant and processes. (d) Wear, in a proper manner, the personal protective equipment provided. (e) Store personal protective equipment in the accommodation provided when it is not in use. (f) Remove any protective equipment that could cause contamination, and wash before eating, drinking or smoking. (g) Practice a high standard of personal hygiene, and make proper use of the facilities provided for washing, showering or bathing and for eating and drinking. (h) Report promptly to their employer, through their supervisor, any defects discovered in any control measure, device, facility, label or item of personal protective equipment that may affect compliance with the provisions of the OHS Regulation. (i) Cooperate with their employers in the conduct of appropriate monitoring or health surveillance programs that arise from risk assessments.

Employer Duties
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Installation under their management or control Hazard identification and control of risk Information, instruction and training Consultation with health and safety representatives Review of risk control measures Safe methods for handling, storage, use and transport of articles and substances Specific risk control duties in relation to: guarding operator controls and emergency stop warning devices installation, erection and commissioning of plant records of inspection and maintenance powered mobile plant electrical hazards scaffolds Lifts

Roles and Responsibilities of Work Safe Inspectors

Monitor and enforce compliance with OHS legislation Provide information and advice to workplace parties Assist in resolving OHS issues and disputes Investigate incidents and complaints Initiate prosecutions, as required
Technology Area eg. Inspectors may be looking for Unsafe machinery Storage of hazardous substances Storage of materials Safe work practices

Safety Inspectors General Powers of Entry

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

inspect, examine and make enquiries inspect and examine any thing bring any equipment or materials seize any thing (including documents) seize any thing for further testing or examination take photographs and measurements, make sketches and recordings exercise any other power any other thing that is reasonably necessary

Directions Verbal or written Directions if there is an immediate threat to health and safety Non-Disturbance Notice Stop use, movement of, interference with any plant, substance or thing (no more than 7 days) Improvement Notice Situation must be remedied by a given date, can include directions and interim directions and conditions Prohibition Notice Prohibits the carrying on of an activity, or the carrying on of the activity in a specified way Directions and Notices issued by Inspectors

Managing Offshore Safety

There are multiple barrier model and systems in place to prevent hazards contacting targets, including : Safe systems work includes: Risk assessments Procedures Training Competency assurance Communications Permit to work

SAFETY OBSERVATION PROGRAMMES

These include : Behavioral safety programmes Elements of PRfS:

Hydro Carbon Releases

Performance Indicators (Leading & lagging)

Maintenance Checks/test Calibration Loop Checks Simulation Audits MOC/ECR

Sreejith Offshore Training pack

Prevention barriers

Explosion / Fire Swiss Cheese Model

PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION

HAC Static Electric Audits

IGNITION CONTROL
Loop checks for BD Audits/Inspection CFIs on Relief Valves

BLOWDOWN & RELIEF SYSTEM

Loop Checks Detector Calibrations Audits MOC/ECR

Mitigation barriers

FIRE & GAS DETECTION

CFT on ESDV Loop Checks Audits/Inspection

EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN

Fire Drills Audits

CFT on Fire Pumps & Valves Testing of foam concentrate MOC

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

Integrity Inspection of PFP firewalls Audits MOC

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

EXPLOSION

PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY The individual is not only responsible for his own safety but, his safe conduct, the safety of all personnel on the installation. The equipment is supplied and it falls to the individual to use and maintain it correctly. The procedures are laid down (in the Company Operations/ Safety Manual, Permit to Work system, etc) and it is the responsibility of the individual to follow them correctly. If you do a disaster results, you should know that criminal negligence does not stop with the company or with the O.I.M. but applies to all personnel. Self monitoring is easy. You are the best person to know if you are using and maintaining equipment correctly and that procedures are being followed correctly.

Ask if you are not sure.

Living and Working Offshore FITNESS REQUIREMENT

The site may be remote from shore-based medical services. Adverse weather conditions may prohibit or delay medical access to or evacuation from the offshore location. The physical structure of an offshore installation, with numerous stairways and ladders, requires a reasonable degree of physical stamina and agility. Emergency situations, including abandonment, may involve the individual being exposed to extremes of physical exertion, to thermal/smoke exposure, as well as cold water immersion and severe sea states.

MEDICAL STANDARD The seafarer should not suffers from (a) An impairment that could cause unpredictable loss of consciousness and that cannot be controlled through medication; (b) A disorder that could prevent the seafarer from reacting efficiently, while on watch, in an emergency; (c) A condition that could endanger others, taking into account the confined living conditions on board / for Fitness to Work Offshore (d) A condition that is likely to require emergency medical care and that cannot be controlled through medication; or (e) an active psychiatric disorder. HEARING - AUDIOMETRY PULMONARY FUNCTION

PROCEDURE FOR TAKING PRESCRIBED MEDICINES OFFSHORE

Prescribed medicines are permitted in a controlled manner. Personnel should be aware that there is an active substances abuse policy.

OFFSHORE ROUTINES REPORT IN On arrival on the platform report to the administration Allocation of a cabin and Muster Station. Familiarize yourself with the layout of the installation as soon as possible. It is important to know where to go and how to get there in case of emergency. The Station Bill will give you instructions on the alarms and how to respond to them.

Installation Induction
Personnel arriving on the installation for the first time will be given a safety tour. Key places to know on the installation are Safe Refuge, Life boat station/muster location,  Life raft station,  Helicopter deck, Sick bay etc.

Installation Induction
When you arrive offshore at your work location for the first time you will receive an orientation covering the following: 1. Safety orientation VIDEO 2. T-Card System 3. Smoking 4. Personal Protective Equipment 5. Living Quarters 6. Person(s) in Charge & SSE Program 7. Station Bill & Emergency Procedures 8. Offshore Transportation 9. Safety and Emergency Equipment 10. Alarm Systems 11. Communications 12. Tour of the Facility 13. Work Permit & JHA Procedures 14. General Safety Rules 15. First Aid and Medical Facilities 16. Hygiene 17. Recreation 18. Alcohol and Substance Abuse If you have any questions, be sure to discuss them

ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE POLICIES

Substance abuse is defined as the harmful or improper use of any substance which chemically modifies and potentially impairs an individual s mental or physiological functions. The Company supports its safety programs by striving to ensure that employees and contractors do not operate equipment or perform their duties whilst impaired by the use of any substance including, but not limited to, alcohol, drugs and medication. Controlled Substances Alcohol Illegal drugs are drugs, narcotics, inhalants and other controlled substances which are not legally obtainable, or which are legally obtainable but not obtained or used in a lawful manner.

Suspension from Work The company reserves the right to disallow any contractor employee who violates the substance abuse program from working on the company Facilities.

Safety Colors Red Danger Orange Warning Yellow Caution Blue Information Green Safety Black & Yellow Diagonal Stripes Radioactive White Traffic areas White & Black Stripes Traffic Markings Gray - Floors

Slip, Trip, Fall

Use proper footwear (Only Ankle or Rigger boots allowed) Have proper steps and handrails for CT Cabin Use Safety harness while working at height Have proper working platforms for work at height Clean up the spills immediately Remove obstacles from walkways Secure mats, rugs and carpets that do not lay flat Cover cables that cross walkways Keep working areas and walkways well lit Take your time and pay attention to where you step in Use hand rails

GETTING ON WITH OTHERS

Company policy is designed to provide a working environment free from discrimination or harassment based on race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, physical or mental disability, political preference , family status, marital status, citizenship, or other status protected by law or regulation. All employees are to conduct themselves in a manner to ensure that they comply with the provisions of the company s policy to maintain a working environment free of harassment. The term harassment refers to any unwelcome conduct, either explicit or implicit, that by its nature has the effect of interfering with an individual s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment. Harassment includes offensive, hostile or intimidating words or actions, as well as inappropriate conduct such as sexual advances.

Smoking
Smoking is only permitted in designated areas. Smoking is prohibited on wellhead platforms, near oil & gas processing and compression equipment, wellheads, separation or treating equipment, and in all areas containing crude oil or fuel storage. Smoking is prohibited on any aircraft (rotary or fixed-wing). Smoking is only permitted on crew change vessels in designated area as identified by the Captain. Smoking is also prohibited on vessels within 500 feet of an offshore installation, drilling rig or FSO/ FPSO. In addition, lighters and matches are not allowed to be carried to any offshore installation, FSO/FPSO, drilling rig, or construction vessel. Means of ignition will be provided in the designated area.

Organization Structures Offshore LINE OF REPORTING

Drilling department Senior Tool-pusher (Probably Offshore Installation Manager O.LM.) Night Tool-pusher Drillers\ Assistant Drillers Derrick-men Roughnecks Welders Storekeepers

Marine / deck department :

Barge master (sometimes O.I.M.) Barge Engineers/Control Room Operators Crane Operators Roustabouts Deck Foreman/Bosun Able Seamen The Engineering department : Chief Engineer Mechanics Motormen Instrument Technician Electricians Sub Sea Engineer

Radio Operators, medics and hotel services staff such as Chief Stewards/Camp Boss, Stewards and Cooks are, since the industry crash in 1986, less likely to be directly employed and are now supplied as a service through agencies.

Cabin, Laundry, Bond, Recreation

Accommodation: The construction of the whole installation will be to certain standard specifications and it will be inspected, tested and certified as a sound structure in order to ensure that it remains a safe working environment and habitat. Accommodation in general will be isolated from the workplace and may even be on a completely separate structure joined only by a bridge or walkway. Its internal construction will split it into subsections bounded by bulkheads of fire resistant classification. Alleyways which break these should not give off toxic fumes when burning. In this way fire can be contained. The atmosphere within is filtered and cleaned, and is maintained at a positive pressure to prevent the ingress of gas, smoke or fumes outside. To facilitate this air locks exist at all exits using a double door system. These, an all fire doors, must be misused by leaving them open if they are not being used.

Cabin, Laundry, Bond, Recreation Contd..

Fire fighting equipment (FFE) plan on each level of the accommodation show the location of portable and fixed extinguishing systems, breathing gear and hoses. Muster and abandonment lists indicate the meaning of alarms and the make-up and actions required of emergency teams. Live saving appliance (LSA) plans are displayed in the accommodation. These show the location of lifeboat and life raft, safe routes for exit (also indicated by wall and floor stickers) and the location of distress signaling apparatus. All of this safety information is supplemented by the PUBLIC ADDRESS (PA) system audible throughout the accommodation. Keep your accommodation clean. Should fire break out within the accommodation, heat or smoke detectors will activate the alarms and fixed fire fighting systems.

WORKING ROUTINES There are many designated hazardous areas in the working environment offshore and these will be indicated on FFE and LSA plans. Know where they are and why they are hazardous
The atmosphere of the workplace may be monitored for heat, smoke or gas and ventilation may be routinely required during entry. Tools used must be intrinsically safe and correct for the job and workplace cleanliness is imperative Know the position of first aid stations, shower and eye wash points, safe routes and exits. Listen to PA announcements as they may relate to points of safety and procedures required to comply with issued permits to work.

BOP
BLOW-OUT: When drilling an exploration well, we are
penetrating a potential oil reservoir for the first time. If the reservoir is turned loose, it often has sufficient pressure to cause an uncontrolled flow of large amounts of oil to the surface. This is called a blow-out..

Drilling mud is a mixture of water, clay and weighting substances. During drilling, mud is pumped down through the drill string. It lubricates and cools the drill bit, helps prevent the wall of the borehole from collapsing and it transports cuttings out of the hole and up to the rig. keeps the pressure in the reservoir under control and prevents oil and gas from penetrating into the well.

The drilling mud keeps the pressure in the reservoir under control, and prevents oil and gas from penetrating into the well.

CONTROLLING OIL SPILL

Edge that collects rainwater and possible oil spillage, preventing it from running into the sea. Double valves on systems that could cause leakage. Blow-out preventers (BOPs) close and prevent the flow of oil and gas up to the rig, if there is an unexpected change in the well pressure.
The casing acts as an anchor point for the BOP, helping to prevent an uncontrolled flow of oil and gas up to the surface.

Drilling mud is pumped down through the drill string, keeping the pressure in the reservoir under control and preventing oil and gas from penetrating into the well.

PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEMS

Procedures have been introduced which require permits to be issued before any hazardous work commences. This permit to work systems ensures that all reasonable steps have been taken to make the work safe. Work permit ensures : 1. Advanced planning of the work is carried out in cooperation with other interested parties. 2. Communication of the plans to those who perform the work and all other personnel who could be influenced or affected by it. 3. Careful check and implementation of precautions to be taken, including the making the system and equipment safe for men to work on, the provision of protective gear and extra personnel for safety monitoring etc. 4. Requirement for control and observation of safe working practices during work process. 5. Requirement to leave the work site clean, clear and safe upon completion of the work, and that nothing is left unfinished which might endanger any personnel or affect the overall safety and integrity of the installation.

Permits will specify particular procedures to be followed depending on the category of work and will require the following information to be entered.
1. NATURE of the work 2. POSITION of the work 3. PERSONNEL carrying out the work or informed 4. EQUIPMENT to be used. This may include fire fighting appliances for hot work, harness and lifejacket for over side work or breathing apparatus for entry work. 5. PRECAUTIONS to be taken, for instance, checking adjacent compartments for hot work, testing atmospheres/ventilating spaces to be entered or rigging staging over the side. 6. TIME issued and period of validity. 7. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS related to the work involved. This may include the control of all radio transmissions and welding for explosive/hot work, calling the standby boat into close standby for over the side or the setting up of communications for entry into enclosed spaces. 8. The use of signs and bulleting boards may be required and areas may have to be cordoned off to persons not directly involved. 9. ASSOCIATED PERMITS issued and relating to the work involved. 10. SIGNATURES of persons authorizing, issuing and supervising/carrying out. 11. ISOLATIONS made related to the work involved. These may be electrical or mechanical isolations and must be carried out in the correct manner and only by those persons qualified to do so.

ISOLATIONS:
Mechanical isolations may involve the closing and locking off automatic or manual valves Would require the person in charge of the piping systems in question to follow the correct procedures, label and mark the valves themselves or the related mimic boards and to inform the appropriate personnel. Any pumps in operation would require deactivating and action would be taken to relieve any pressure in the lines involved before work could commence. Electrical isolations should only be carried out by the technician responsible and in accordance with the required procedures. Switch boards will normally be locked and any breakers which are opened for isolation purposes will be padlocked and labeled.

This issuing and monitoring function of Permit to Work including lockout/tag-out is generally centralized around the installations control room or safety office. The control room operators/safety officers will supervise the issue of permits and will set in motion those special requirements and precautions relating to the permit in question. Once issued, and signed on by all parties, the permit copies are distributed as a means of communicating the fact that the work is about to commence Original Control room / safety office for monitoring and relating to other permit requests. 1st copy At work site with personnel carrying out the work for their information and for inspection by a third party if requested. 2nd copy It is retained by offshore installation manager (OIM). He initially authorizes the issue and retains absolute power of suspension. 3rd copy To section head initiating/responsible for the work involved.

LOCK-OUT/ TAG-OUT
The purposes of LO/TO are to: Protect workers from the release of hazardous energy Guard against the accidental start-up or movement of equipment during service and maintenance. Typical sources of energy that may need to be controlled using a LO/TO system include: Electrical (primary energy source for many machines and motors) Hydraulic (e.g. pressurized fluids in hoses/pipes) Mechanical (e.g. gravity systems, or spring energy) Chemical (e.g. storage vessels or pipelines containing toxic/hazardous chemicals and hydrocarbon/petrol products) Thermal (e.g. hot oil lines used to heat heavy fuel oil tanks/pipe work) Vapors (e.g. hydrocarbons/petrol, steam) Locks shall always be used. (There are lock-out accessories now available to lock out older equipment not originally designed to take a lock.) Lockout locks should only to be used for LO/TO purposes. Each lock should have a unique key (to prevent people from inadvertently removing someone else s A Master Key for LO/TO locks may be considered as an emergency backup, but it must be strictly controlled by the Facility Manager. The use of a lock and a tag is preferable. Tags are generally utilized in tandem with a lockout system to provide information about why the lock is in place.

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General Sat
Wear personal protective equipment Be aware of the slipping and falling hazards when working on the drilling floor, servicing rig floors or other platforms. Keep all work areas clean and clear of oil, tools, and debris. Use non-skid surfaces where appropriate. Use guardrails and guards around work areas that are prone to slips, trips, and falls. Install, inspect, and secure stairs and handrails. Instruct workers on proper procedures for using and installing ladders. Use only ladders in good repair that do not have missing rungs. Do not install stairs with missing or damaged steps. Repair them before installing them.

Keep walkways clean and free of debris and tripping hazards. Keep all cords and hoses orderly and clear of walking spaces. Cover open cellars. Conduct a pre-job inspection to identify, then eliminate or correct hazardous work surfaces. Walking/Working Surfaces Standard requires Keep all places of employment clean and in an orderly condition. Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good repair, with no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard Provide floor plugs for equipment so power cords need not run across pathways. Use waterproof footgear to decrease slip/fall hazards.

The Stop Work Authority Card has been developed to be used to stop any work that does not comply with these tenets, and there will be no repercussions.

SHORT SERVICE EMPLOYEE (SSE) PROGRAM

SHORT SERVICE EMPLOYEE (SSE) PROGRAM

The purpose of this program is to ensure that all Short Service Employees are correctly identified, properly inducted, adequately trained and supervised in OE/ HES polices/ procedures and continuously monitored prior to assuming full job responsibilities. The objective is to prevent incidents and injuries to themselves or others, and damage to the environment or company property.