THE EFFECT OF ALOE VERA (Aloe barbadensis Miller) GEL ON YEASTINDUCED ALBINO RATS (Rattus Norvegicus strain Wistar)

Nor Aimi Binti Mohd Shairy 0610714019

Supervised by: 1) Dr drg Nur Permatasari, MS 2) dr BP Putra Suryana, SpPD Examiner: Dr. Mudjiwijono Handaru Eko, SpPA

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.

Introduction Review of Related Literature Conceptual Framework Research Methodology Data Analysis Discussion Conclusion and Suggestion

1. INTRODUCTION

Increase in frequency Triggered by physical or chemical trauma, invading organisms, or antigen-antibody reactions Result in swelling or edema, pain ,or even cell damage
INFLAMMATION

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS (STEROID & NSAID)

Reduce inflammation but have some side effects Long term usage lead to serious complication

Use as treatment and management of inflammatory conditions. Contain sterols, salicylic acid, polysaccharide, vitamin and other compounds antiinflammatory effects Not cause any unwanted side effect. ALOE VERA (ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER)

Does Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel can reduce the paw edema on the albino rat which will be induced by yeast?

1.3.1 General Objective

To prove that Aloe vera gel has the effect on the rat induced by yeast.

1.3.2 Spesific Objectives

1. To prove the effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel in several dosages in reducing the paw edema volume of the rat induced by yeast. 2. To explore the dosage-response relationship between Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel and paw edema inhibition of the rat induced by yeast.

1) To support previous studies conducted on Aloe vera gel that have the effect in reducing the inflammation process. 2) Providing the knowledge on how the mechanism of inflammation that occur in human body system. 3) To provide some justification for the folkloric use of the Aloe vera gel in several communities for inflammation conditions.

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

ACUTE INFLAMMATION (Local physiological response to tissue injury consist of vascular, cellular and systemic reactions) ( Rapid and early response to an injurious agent) CHRONIC (The subsequent tissue reactions following the initial response)

TREATMENT (Steroid and NSAIDs)

2.1.1 Acute Inflammation

Physical agents
CAUSES

Chemical agents Microbial infections Immune reaction/hypersensitivity Foreign bodies Necrosis Rubor (redness) Color (increased heat) Tumor (edema/swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio laesa (loss of function) Vascular response (Figure 3) Cellular response

CARDINAL SIGNS

COMPONENTS

CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

Vasoactive amines Arachidonic acid NO Neutrophil factors Plasma derived mediators

Figure 3 : The major local manifestations of acute inflammation, compared to normal. 1. Vascular dilation and increased blood flow (causing erythema and warmth), 2. Extravasation and deposition of plasma fluid and proteins (edema), and 3. Leukocyte emigration accumulation in the site of injury. (Robins, Cotran 2005) and

2.1.2 Chronic Inflammation Causes: follow acute inflammation or primary chronic inflammation Morphologic features: Infiltration with mononuclear cells, tissue destruction and attempts at healing by connective tissue replacement of damaged tissue Macroscopic appearance: Granulomatous inflammation, abscess, ulcer.

2.1.3 Treatment

Kingdom : Plantae Subkingdom : Tracheobionta Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Liliopsida Subclass : Liliidae Order : Liliales Family : Aloeaceae Genus : Aloe L. Species : Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

 Wound healing Antifungal activity Antidiabetic effects Antiinflammatory Anticancer Immunomodulatory Gastroprotective properties.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

Salicylic acid Sterols Polysaccharides  Vitamins  other substances

3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK & HYPOTHESIS

: inhibit
: inhibit

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel can reduce the paw edema on the albino rat which will be induced by yeast.

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Formula used
(Lukito,1998); P(n1) 15. There are 4 groups of albino rats (n=5) consist of one positive control group (yeast induced without Aloe vera gel given, 3 dosages groups (yeast induced with Aloe vera gel given in 1%, 2% and 3%)

Research Design

True experimental design (one group pre test, post test design) aimed to know the effect of Aloe vera gel in reducing the paw edema volume on yeast-induced albino rat.

Population and samples

Methods

Research time and location

Pharmacology lab October 09 to January 10

Research variables

Independent variable: Dosage of Aloe vera gel given (1%,2%,3%) Dependent variable: Paw edema volume measured (ml) Control: Gender, age,weight,species.

Inflammation

Induced by 0.2 ml of 5% Yeast

Causes Inflammation

Aloe vera gel

Obtained from the leaf pulp or mucilage obtained from the parenchymal tissue that make up the inner portion of the leaves.

Aloe vera gel was blended without adding any water.

Effect of Aloe vera gel

Parameter: Inhibition of Paw Edema Volume

In every dosage groups (1%,2%,3%) in duration of time

Yeast-induced edema test

5. RESEARCH RESULT AND DATA ANALYSIS

% of inhibition = (Vt

V0) control (Vt V0) treated x100 (Vt V0) control

The paw edema volume was calculated by subtracting the volume of the paw before the yeast was injected. The result obtained then calculated for the percentage inhibition using the formula below:-

Assumption test data 1) Normality test (p>0.05): Data were normally distributed 2) Test of Homogeneity of Variances (p>0.05): three variant of sample were homogen

One Way ANOVA Analysis (p>0.05): the paw edema volume towards three Aloe vera gel dosage were significantly different.

Post Hoc Test Tukey (LSD test) : p<0.05 = there were significant differences between groups

Correlation Test (p<0.05) = significant relationship between 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% of Aloe vera gel and its effect in reducing the paw edema volume. (r) = -0.197

6. DISCUSSION

Injection 0f 0.2 ml of yeast 5%

Effect of Aloe vera gel

Pattern of the graph

Provoked acute inflammation Characterized by edema Disturbance phospholipid membrane and lead to formation of AA PG formation Control group

Showed the effect in reducing paw edema volume Assumed that AVG has the antiinflammation effect Contain sterols, salicylic acid, vitamins and other subtances. Dosage groups

Duration of action shortened with the increased of dosage Showed that there are no dose-dependent and timedependent effect

Mechanism of action of Aloe vera gel:Unknown mechanism Inhibit Phospholipase A2

Other substances

Sterol

Polysaccharide

Salicylic acid

Decrease migrated neutrophils

Inhibit cyclooxygenase

7. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) gel could reduce the paw edema volume of the yeastinduced albino rat.

- No dose-dependent relationship shown between variables because after administration of yeast at 60 minutes, the dosage of 3% of Aloe vera gel shows no increment or plateau phase recorded after it reached the peak effect. - not showing any time-dependent effect because Aloe vera gel has many active constituents that have different activity and acted at different duration of action.

There are many active constituents in the Aloe vera gel such as salicylic acid, sterols, polysaccharides, vitamins and other substances that act as anti-inflammatory agents.

Further research is needed to know the exact mechanism of action of Aloe vera gel in reducing the inflammation process.

Further research is needed to elucidate the components or active constituents in Aloe vera gel that responsible in reducing the inflammation process.

Further study is needed to know the effect of Aloe vera gel on the other kind of inflammation signs such as color, rubor and function laesa.