THE MISSION OF THE FIELD ARTILLERY

The mission of the field artillery is to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket, and missile fire, and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations.

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE



ACTION: Formulate and Transmit a Call for Fire (Task 01-2660.00-2003) 01-2660.00CONDITIONS: Given a tactical situation, shoot map, call for fire clipboard, binoculars, M2 compass, and OF fan STANDARDS: Determine accurate target location within 250 meters and correctly transmit a call for fire within 45 seconds of target identification IAW FM 6-30 6-

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
SAFETY REQUIRMENTS: NONE  RISK ASSESSMENT: LOW  ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: NONE  EVALUATION: All material presented will be evaluated through examinations, homework, graded shoots, and practical exercises.


ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. 2.

3.

4. 5. 6.

Identify the elements of the call for fire Determine appropriate abbreviations for use during the call for fire Determine and transmit observer identification Determine and transmit warning order Determine and transmit target location Determine and transmit target description

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES (cont)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Determine and transmit method of engagement Determine and transmit method of fire and control Identify and receive a message to observer Determine proper shell/fuse combination for selected targets Determine lateral/vertical shift and OT factor using the Mil Relation Formula

THE CALL FOR FIRE



The Meat and Potatoes of what Observers do!!! Why do you need to know this???

Elements of the Call For Fire

I. Observer identification  II. Warning order  III. Target location  IV. Description of target  V. Method of engagement  VI. Method of fire and control


FM 6-30 pg 4-1

Abbreviations
de = this is  K = over  i/e = in effect  i/o = in the open  i/a = in adjustment


1 = 1 round

I. Observer Identification
FDC Callsign is S40  Observer Callsign is S30
 

S40 de S30

Use Phonetic Alphabet

II. Warning Order

a.

Type of Mission: (1) Adjust Fire (2) Fire For Effect (3) Suppress (4) Immediate Suppression/ Immediate Smoke
FM 6-30 pg 4-1/2

Adjust Fire


S40 de S30, AF, K

Fire for Effect



S40 de S30, FFE, K

Suppress


S40 de S30, suppress, AD1011, K

Immediate Suppression / Smoke



S40 de S30, IS, grid 123456, K

II. Warning Order

(Continued)

b. Size of the Element to Fire:

 

[1] Battery (callsign S40) (2) Battalion (callsign T38)

S40 de S30, FFE ,T, K

Note: [ ] is standard

FM 6-30 p. 4-2

II. Warning Order (Continued)

c. Method of Target Location:
[1] Grid (2) Polar (3) Shift KN PT/ TGT (4) Laser Polar
FM 6-30 pg 4-2

II. Warning Order (Continued) Example Transmissions:

(1) S40 de S30, AF, K (2) S40 de S30, AF, Polar, K (3) S40 de S30, AF, Laser Polar, K (4) S40 de S30, AF, Shift Known Point 1, K

FM 6-30 pg 4-2

III. Target Location

Grid: Grid 123456, K Polar: Dir 3710, Dis 3200,U90, K Shift: Dir 1670, L190, +400, K Laser Polar: Dir 1899, Dis 3960, VA -7, K
FM 6-30 pg 4-2

IV. Target Description

Word picture of the target: # of Elements Type of Element What is it doing Degree of protection Infantry Platoon, i/o, K
FM 6-30 pg 4-3

IV. Target Description (Continued)

Word picture of the target: # of Elements Type of Element What is it doing Degree of protection Size and Shape, If Significant
LENGTH (OR RADIUS IF A CIRCLE) WIDTH ATTITUDE
FM 6-30 pg 4-3

Attitude
1600

0000

Measured Between 0000-3199; sent to nearest 100 mils FM 6-30 pg 4-3, 7-10

IV. Target Description (Continued)



Example Transmission:

Enemy Command Post i/o, 400 by 200, Attitude 2800, K

V. Method of Engagement

. Type of Adjustment: 
[1] Area Fire (2) Precision Fire: Used only with
Registration / Destruction

FM 6-30 pg 4-3

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)



Danger Close: Once announced in a mission, is in effect until cancelled or mission is ended.

3 BMPs i/o, Danger Close, K

FM 6-30 pg 4-3

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)



Mark: Used to orient observer / personnel, identify targets for Aircraft or ground troops

4 T-72s dug in, Mark, K

FM 3-09.30 pg 6-5/FM 6-30 pg 4-4

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

 Trajectory

[1] Low

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Low Angle

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

a. Trajectory [1] Low (2) High: Once announced is in effect until cancelled

T-62 behind hill, High Angle, K

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

High Angle Fire

FM 6-30 pg 7-3 / FM 3-09.30 pg 9-8

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

e. Ammunition (1) In adjustment/In effect projectile [HE] (2) In adjustment/In effect fuze [Q] (3) Volume of fire in the FFE [1]

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Ammunition
Example Transmissions: 2 Mi-24s fueling, WP, 3 rds i/e, K 3 BMPs i/o, WP i/a, ICM i/e, K

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Ammunition
(4) Distribution (Manual FDC) [a] Parallel Sheaf
SHEAF planned fires that produce a desired pattern of bursts with rounds fired by two or more weapons. FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Parallel Sheaf

Parallel Sheaf

Parallel Sheaf

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Ammunition
(4) Distribution (Manual FDC) [a] Parallel Sheaf (b) Converged Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-7 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Converged Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 5-7

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Ammunition
(4) Distribution (Manual FDC) [a] Parallel Sheaf (b) Converged Sheaf (c) Open Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Open Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Open Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Open Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Ammunition
(4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Circular Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Ammunition
(4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (ii) Rectangular Sheaf Length > 250 meters and Width > 250 meters
FM 6-20-20 pg 1-26

Rectangular Sheaf
WIDTH

LENGTH & ATTITUDE

FM 6-20-20 pg 1-26

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Ammunition
(4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (ii) Rectangular Sheaf (iii) Linear Sheaf Length > 250 meters < 600 meters
FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / Square to FM 6-20-20 pg 1-26

Linear Sheaf
OR TWO END POINTS

CENTER GRID ATTITUDE & LENGTH FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / Square to FM 6-20-20 pg 1-27

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Ammunition
(4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (ii) Rectangular Sheaf (iii) Linear Sheaf (iv) Irregular Sheaf Describe target by best means. Length, Width, and Attitude, or Multiple Grids. FM 6-30 pg 7-10

Irregular Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 7-10

Distribution

T-72 i/o, converged sheaf, K

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Ammunition
(1) Distribution (e) Spread (i) Range (ii) Lateral

FM 6-30 pg 6-8, 6-9

VI. Method of Fire and Control

a. Method of fire (IN ADJUSTMENT) [1] One Gun (2) PLT / BTRY Left /Center / Right (3) Time Interval between rounds

Inf PLT in open, VT i/e, PLT right, K

FM 6-30 pg 4-4

VI. Method of Fire and Control

b. Method of Control (1) At My Command Once established it is in effect until cancelled. T-72 i/o, ICM i/e, AMC, K In this example every adjusting round will be at the observers command
FM 6-30 pg 4-5

VI. Method of Fire and Control

b. Method of Control [1] When Ready (2) At My Command (3) Cannot Observe Radar site, ICM, cannot observe, K (4) Time on target Inf Co AA i/o, ICM, TOT 0900, K
FM 6-30 pg 4-5

VI. Method of Fire and Control

b. Method of Control
Types of Method of Control normally not sent in initial CFF
(4) Contin. ILLUM (6) Contin. Fire (8) Check Firing (10) Followed by (5) Coord. ILLUM (7) Cease Loading (9) Repeat (11) Splash
FM 6-30 pg 4-5

Hind refueling, HE followed by WP, SPLASH, k

Sample Polar Plot Mission

1st Transmission: H16 de H34, AF, polar, k 2nd Transmission: Dir 0390, Dis 3100, U40, k 3rd Transmission: Infantry sqd in the prone, ICM i/e, k

FM 6-30 pg 4-8

Sample Grid Mission

H16 de H34, AF, k Grid 634328, k POL site i/o, WP i/e, k

FM 6-30 pg 4-7

Sample Shift Mission

H16 de H34, AF, shift KN PT 1, k DIR 3210, L 320, + 400, U 60, k 2 BMPs i/o, ICM i/e, k

FM 6-30 pg 4-5

Scrambled CFF
Given: VT i/e, AF, F23 de G46, grid 462374, troops dug-in Answer: F23 de G46 AF k Grid 462374 k Troops dug-in, VT i/e k

Scrambled CFF
Given: BMP with dismounts, FFE, ICM, DIS 4600, polar, DIR 0200, W18 de Z24 Answer: W18 de Z24, FFE polar, k Dir 0200, Dis 4600, k BMP with dismounts, ICM, k

Scrambled CFF
Given: AF, shift KN PT 3, R 400, ZSU 23-4 i/o, + 800, Dir 6330, ICM i/e, J33 de K42 Answer: J33 de K42, AF, shift KN PT 3, k Dir 6330, R 400, + 800, k ZSU 23-4 i/o, ICM i/e, k

Message to Observer (MTO)

1. Unit to fire 2. Adjusting unit 3. Changes or additions to CFF 4. Number of rds in FFE 5. TGT number 1. Additional information VT i/e 3 AA7503 TOF 62 Angle T PER
FM 6-30 pg 4-6

Delta Tango

Message to Observer (MTO)

Example Transmission:
MTO, D, T, VT i/e, 4 , TGT # AA7732, K

EFFECTIVENESS COMPARED TO LENGTH OF ADJUSTMENT

MASSED HIGH SURPRISE FIRES E F F E C T LOW
FM 6-30, Pg. 1-2

LENGTHY ADJUSTMENT

RDS IN ADJ

TIME

AMMO EXPENDITURES AND RELATIVE EFFECTS C

A S U A L T I E S

R O U N D S

FM 6-30, Pg. 1-4

Q VT ICM SAME NUMBER OF SAME NUMBER OF CASUALTIES ACHIEVED RDS FIRED

VT ICM

NUMBER OF ROUNDS REQUIRED FOR EQUAL EFFECTS

TARGET EFFECTS
300 250 200 150 100 50 0
BDE (1)

EXPENDED

ROUNDS

TOTAL

BN (10) BTRY (43) FM 6-30, Pg. 1-3

Considerations In Choice Of Shell / Fuze Combination

Nature of target Cover available Mobility of target Is adjustment required?

FM 6-30 pg 4-9

HIGH EXPLOSIVE (HE)

FM 6-30 pg 4-9

HIGH EXPLOSIVE (HE)

HE PRIMARY KILL MECHANISM: SECONDARY: BLAST &
CONCUSSION
FRAGMENTATION

USES FOR HE: ADJUSTING FIRE ANTI-PERSONNEL UNARMORED VEHICLES LIGHT MATERIAL

FUZE QUICK

FM 6-30 pg 4 -9

FUZE DELAY

FM 6-30 pg 4-9

FUZE DELAY

FM 6-30 pg 4-9

FUZE DELAY

FM 6-30 pg 4-9

FUZE TIME

20 M

FM 6-30 pg 4 - 10

FUZE VT

7M

FM 6-30 pg 4 - 10

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

FM 6-30 pg 4 -11

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

WHITE PHOSPHOROUS (WP)

FM 6-30 pg 4 -11

WHITE PHOSPHOROUS (WP)

FM 6-30 pg 4 -11

PRIMARY USES FOR WP: MARKING SIGNALING SCREENING OBSCURATION SECONDARY USES: INCENDIARY ANTIANTI-PERSONNEL

M825 (FELT WEDGE)

FM 6-30 pg 6 -13

SMOKE AND M825

ALLOWS A MANEUVER COMMANDER TO MINIMIZE HIS EXPOSURE TO THE ENEMYS OBSERVATION BY: OBSCURATION SCREENING DECEPTION

FM 6-30 pg 6 -12

SHELL ILLUMINATION

FM 6-30 pg 4 - 11

SHELL ILLUMINATION

SHELL ILLUMINATION

SHELL ILLUMINATION

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

FM 6-30 pg 6 - 1

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS

DISPENSE GRENADE LIKE BOMBLETS: DP VARIANT CAN PENETRATE APPROXIMATELY 2.75 RHA USES: ANTI-PERSONNEL ANTI ANTI-MATERIAL ANTI EFFECTIVE ON MOST BATTLEFIELD TARGETS NOT UNDER COVER
FM 6-30 pg 6 -1

FM 6-30 pg 6 -1

SPECIAL MUNITIONS

COPPERHEAD (CLGP) Sense And Destroy ARMor (SADARM)

FAmily of SCAtterable Mines (FASCAM)

FM 6-30 Ch 6

CALL FOR FIRE SHEET

CALL FOR FIRE 1 k GRID GRID: 2 POLAR DIR: DIS: U/D: VA:+/k SHIFT DIR: L/R +/U/D 3 TGT DESC: k SH/FZ MTO_________________OUT/ BRK DIR:__________ k OT FAC_________ SHIFT FAC_____________
SEQUENCE OF SUBS CORRECTIONS

a. DIS TO BURST

b. a/1000 HOB

SPOTTINGS

b. to whole number DEV

CORRECTIONS IAW SEQ OF SUB CORRECTIONS

RNG

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 RREMS R/L SURV: +/U/D EOM EST___ CAS k

k k k k k k k k k

1. DIRECTION 2. DANGER CLOSE 3. TRAJECTORY 4. METHOD OF FIRE 5. DISTRIBUTION 6. PROJECTILE 7. FUZE 8. VOLUME 9. DEVIATION 10. RANGE 11. HOB 12. TGT DESCR 13. METHOD CTRL 14. SPLASH 15. REPEAT EXPRESS DIR = 10MIILS DIS = 100 METERS U/D = 5 METERS SMOKE L = LENGTH M= MTL DIR D I = WIND DIR R T = TIME/DURATION

FUZE TIME
CORRECT HOB 20 METERS

REQ TI WHEN YOU SPLIT THE 100M BRACKET AND ADJUST THE HOB

GRAZE BURST WITHOUT PREVIOUS AIR = U40

GRAZE BURST WITH A PREVIOUS AIR = U20

NEVER FFE FROM GRAZE BURST

FFE IF CORRECTION IS 40M OR LESS

SMOKE CANISTERS
MINIMUM CORRECTIONS

HE BOUNCE=UP 50, FFE GRAZE= UP 100, FFE SPREAD= D 50, FFE DEV RNG 30 M 50 M

SMK

ILLUM

50 M 100 M

200 M 200 M

Call For Fire Sheet

CALL FOR FIRE 1
de AF/FFE/IS/S(POLAR,L. POLAR,SHIFT KNPT_____) k

GRID 2

GRID: DIS: L/R U/D: +/SH/FZ VA:+/U/D k k

POLAR DIR: SHIFT DIR:

TGT DESC:

MTO_________________OUT/BRK DIR:__________ k

Shift Known Point 1 Call For Fire

H16 de H34, AF, SHIFT KNPT 1, k DIR 3210, L 320, + 400, U 60, k Inf SQD i/o, ICM i/e, k

CALL FOR FIRE SHEET

CALL FOR FIRE

1 H16 de H34 AF/FFE/IS/S(POLAR,L. POLAR,SHIFT KNPT_____) k GRID GRID: DIS: L/R 320 U/D: +/- 400 VA:+/U/D 60
k k

POLAR DIR: SHIFT DIR: 3210

TGT DESC: INF SQD i/o

SH/FZ ICM i/e

M Q i/e 2 AA 3405 MTO_________________OUT/BRK DIR:_________ k

Mil Relation Formula

Direction
An azimuth is a horizontal, clockwise angle measured from a north baseline. A grid azimuth is measured from grid north. A magnetic azimuth is measured from magnetic north and a true azimuth is measured from true north. The azimuth is the most common military method to express direction. Direction can be measured in mils (preferred) or degrees.

Mil Relation Formula

Degrees
Degrees: A degree is a unit of horizontal clockwise angular measurement that is equal to 1/360 of a circle. Degrees may be converted to mils by multiplying the number of degrees by approximately 17.78 (mils = number of degrees X 6400 z 360).

Mil Relation Formula

Mils
Mils: A mil is a unit of horizontal clockwise angular measurement that is equal to 1/6,400 of a circle. The mil is used because of its accuracy and the mil relation formula, which is based on the assumption that an angle of 1 mil will subtend an arc of 1 meter at a distance of 1,000 meters.

1m

1 Meter

2 Meters

3 Meters

1000 meters

2000 meters 3000 meters

Mil Relation Formula

Cardinal Directions
00 or 3600 0 o r 6 ,4 00 M IL S

3 1 5 0 o r 5 ,6 0 0 m ils NW

N NE

4 5 0 o r 8 0 0 m ils

2 7 0 0 o r 4 ,8 0 0 m ils

9 0 0 o r 1 ,6 0 0 m ils

SW 2 2 5 0 o r 4 ,0 0 0 m ils S

SE 1 3 5 0 o r 2 ,4 0 0 m ils

1 8 0 0 o r 3 ,2 0 0 m ils

Mil Relation Formula

W = R x mils
The mil relation formula (W = R X m) has several applications in observed fire procedures. It can be used to determine the width of a lateral shift (W) from a known point to a new target. The mil relation can also be used in determining deviation corrections in adjustment of fire procedures based on deviation spottings in mils and OT distance factor.

Mil Relation Formula

W = R x mils
Target W Observer- Target (OT) Line

W = R X m, where m R W = Lateral shift in meters (nearest 10 meters) R = Range to target to the nearest 100 meters expressed In thousands m = angular deviation in mils (to nearest 1 mil) Observer

Mil Relation Formula

W = R x mils
W = R X m, where W = Lateral shift in meters (nearest 10 meters) R = Range to target to the nearest 100 meters expressed In thousands m = angular deviation in mils (to nearest 1 mil) W Observer- Target (OT) Line

Target

Distance Dis/1000 OT Factor 2.4 2400 2 3.5 3500 4 1.6 1600 2

mils 50 50 50

Shift 100 200 100

Observer