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WIMAX ( WORLDWIDE INTEROPERABILY FOR MICROWAVE ACCESS )

Jonathan Britt Praveen R Gunasekaran Sandeep Ramchandran Srinivas Kamini

Scope of the presentation


 Introduction  Overview of 802.16 protocol for WIMAX  Extensions of the protocol  Brief explanation of the protocol  System components and how it works  Quality of Service ( QoS )  Current Status of WIMAX  Performance review of WIMAX  Comparison of WIMAX with other Wireless technologies  Future of WIMAX

Introduction Overview of 802.16 protocol for WIMAX System components and how it works Quality of Service ( QoS ) Current Status of WIMAX Performance review of WIMAX Comparison of WIMAX with other Wireless technologies Future of WIMAX

Introduction
 Business and residential customers demand:
Data Voice Video distribution Real-time videoconferencing

 Service providers need new value-added services such as:


Video on Demand (VOD) Mobile video telephony Online gaming VoIP TV broadcasting

 The last mile


Fast local connection to network

Introduction Overview of 802.16 protocol for WIMAX System components and how it works Quality of Service ( QoS ) Current Status of WIMAX Performance review of WIMAX Comparison of WIMAX with other Wireless technologies Future of WIMAX

Overview of 802.16 protocol


Developed by IEEE 802.16 working group on BWA Standards in 2001. Developed for internet services over wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN). Two modes of operation : point-to-multipoint (PMP) and MESH. Support for different transport layer protocols such as ATM, IP, IPv6, LAN. Provides QoS similar to that of ATM protocol.

Extensions
802.16 Designed for PMP BWA, 10 66 GHz, LOS, backhaul 802.16a 2-11 GHz PHY layer, NLOS, home and business purpose 802.16b Covers QoS aspects of the standard 802.16c Covers conformance standards for implementation of the standard 802.16d Revised version, introduces the OFDM 256-FFT system. 802.16e Designed for mobile communication. It included a handoff mechanism.

IEEE 802.16 protocol architecture

Downlink subframe

Uplink subframe

Time Division Duplexing (TDD)

Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)

Introduction Overview of 802.16 protocol for WIMAX System components and how it works Quality of Service ( QoS ) Current Status of WIMAX Performance review of WIMAX Comparison of WIMAX with other Wireless technologies Future of WIMAX

WIMAX System Components


 WIMAX Tower  WIMAX Receiver

How it works

Continued

  

WiMAX air interface is based on OFDM/OFDMA OFDM uses multiple sub carriers like FDM Very high rate data stream is divided in to multiple parallel low rate data stream Each data stream is then mapped in to individual datasub-carrier and modulated using PSK or QAM In OFDMA the sub-carriers are again divided into group of sub-carriers called sub channel

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Countering interference is a matter of understanding it and engineering accordingly Up channel and down channel interference Co-channel and out of channel interference Frequency Planning ,Dynamic frequency selection(DFS) OFDMA mitigate interference by breaking the signal into multiple subcarriers Using adaptive antenna system(AAS) and beam steering technologies Multiple in multiple out(MIMO) antenna systems Software defined radios(SDR)

Interference in adjacent cells is addressed by tweaking the frequency reuse one  Cell center operates in all available sub channels  Cell edge operates only on the fraction of the sub channel  Fractional frequency reuse is used  It maximizes spectral efficiency for users at cell center  Improves signal strength and throughput for users at cell edge


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System capacity is dependent on the distribution of the users in the service area. Type of service requested(Video,VOIP,Email). Channel to Interference ratio (C/I). Determining both the worst case and best case capacity. Data rate deliverable is a random variable dependent on the type of uses and the achievable modulation. Similarly the number supported users in a sector is also a stochastic dependent on the achievable modulation and type users . Frequency reuse factor of the zones.

Introduction Overview of 802.16 protocol for WIMAX System components and how it works Quality of Service ( QoS ) Current Status of WIMAX Performance review of WIMAX Comparison of WIMAX with other Wireless technologies Future of WIMAX

IEEE 802.16 standard incorporates the following mechanisms to provide QOS


     

Adaptive Modulation (QPSK to QAM 16 to QAM 64) Time Division Duplexing(TDD) Frequency Division Duplexing(FDD) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Forward Error Correction (FEC)

Introduction Overview of 802.16 protocol for WIMAX System components and how it works Quality of Service ( QoS ) Current Status of WIMAX Performance review of WIMAX Comparison of WIMAX with other Wireless technologies Future of WIMAX

Current status of WIMAX




Is WIMAX a failure What are the Current goals of WIMAX What companies are involved Is this technology global or just national What is WIMAX currently capable of What WIMAX ready devices are currently available

Is WIMAX a failure


Lies solely on Sprint and Clearwire In the United States Has a jump on LTE but LTE has started to make progress On and off Talks with Clearwire Soft Rollout to employees in cities CTIA Show 2008 Expectations have not been met Mixed reactions Internationally Delayed Rollout

Cisco Systems Google ClearWire (Partnering with Sprint in the U.S.) Sprint (Leader of United States WiMAX rollout) Juniper Qualcomm Comcast

 Time Warner Cable  Ericsson  Intel (Chipmaker for WiMAX integrated notebooks)  Nortel  Xohm ($5B pricetag for Sprints WiMAX)  Motorola (Makers of Wireless Gateways, Heavily involved internationally 44 countries, 19 contracts)

Australia (Has been called a miserable failure 1000ms latency, no signal within 2km) Thailand (Large Market Within Asia, successful MOBILE tests) India(10 Cities, 5k Businesses, Largest in the World) Puerto Rico(600 customers Signed up) South Korea (Wibro mobile WiMAX)

Chicago

(Rollout pushed back to Summer 08)

DC (Rollout pushed back to Summer 08)


Washington

(Rollout pushed back to Summer 08)


Saudi Arabia(165M

Baltimore

with Motorola)

contract

Blocked)

Indonesia

(Previously

 Cell Phones  USB Dongles  UMPCs (Ultra Mobile PC)  MIDs (Mobile Internet Device)  Laptops  Cameras  Access Points/Gateways


Nokia Samsung Intel

Introduction Overview of 802.16 protocol for WIMAX System components and how it works Quality of Service ( QoS ) Current Status of WIMAX Performance review of WIMAX Comparison of WIMAX with other Wireless technologies Future of WIMAX

Performance review of WIMAX

Continued


Chicago Speed Test & Base Station Numbers

Introduction Overview of 802.16 protocol for WIMAX System components and how it works Quality of Service ( QoS ) Current Status of WIMAX Performance review of WIMAX Comparison of WIMAX with other Wireless technologies Future of WIMAX

Comparison of wireless technologies

Growth potential for wireless users

Growth potential for BWA subscribers

 

   

Affordable last mile broad band internet service Variable bandwidths from 1 to 28 MHz with 256 subcarriers as against 52 with fixed 20MHz bandwidth in Wi-Fi. Wi-MAX supports sub channelization. Variable length guard interval thus improving performance. Wi-MAX standard requires a 50 dB transmit dynamic range. First mobile major standard to offer all IP as a standard feature set. Ability to offer multiple services over a single platform.

Introduction Overview of 802.16 protocol for WIMAX System components and how it works Quality of Service ( QoS ) Current Status of WIMAX Performance review of WIMAX Comparison of WIMAX with other Wireless technologies Future of WIMAX

Communications
Multi megabit broadband connections. Data rich applications. VoIP,VoD Telediagnostic, remote clinic data access. Hot zone

Security
Tele-surveillance(private ,public areas, traffic) Fire gas Detection Intrusion Detection system

     

Tourism: information services Education: e-learning Smart card based health services Disaster recovery Telemetering Gaming(high bandwidth enables high speeds)

 

http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070925-whenwireless-dsl-sprint-motorola-show-off-wimax-on-the-chicagoriver.html?rel http://www.commsday.com/node/228 IEEE Standard 802.16:A Technical Overview of the WirelessMAN Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Carl Eklund, Nokia Research Center Roger B. Marks, National Institute of Standards and Technology Kenneth L. Stanwood and Stanley Wang, Ensemble Communications Inc. http://www.conniq.com/WiMAX/fdm-ofdm-ofdma-sofdma02.htm

 http://www.wimax.com/education/wimax/interfere

nce  An Analysis of the Design Implementation of QOS over IEEE 802.16 Mark C. Wood

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