SE 341 Web Application Development Lecture 2

SPRING 2009 Muneera Bano Assistant Professor DCS, FBAS, IIU muneera@iiu.edu.pk

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Communication
It is any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic system.

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Communication
A communication model comprises of following subsystems:
Source Generates the data to be transmitted Transmitter Converts the data into transmittable signals Transmission system Carries the data. Receiver Converts received signals into data. Destination Takes incoming data.

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Data and Computer Communication

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Computer Networks
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected to each other. The network allows computers to communicate with each other and share resources and information.

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Network Model

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World Wide Web
 The World Wide Web (commonly abbreviated as "the Web") is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.  With a Web browser, one can view Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using hyperlinks.

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World Wide Web Viewing a Web page on the World Wide Web normally begins either by typing the URL of the page into a Web browser, or by following a hyperlink to that page or resource. The Web browser then initiates a series of communication messages, behind the scenes, in order to fetch and display it. First, the server-name portion of the URL is resolved into an IP address using the global, distributed Internet database known as the domain name system, or DNS. This IP address is necessary to contact and send data packets to the Web server.

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URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
 In computing, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it.  In popular language, a URL is also referred to as a Web address.  E.g. http://www.yahoo.com

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DNS (Domain Name Server) A name server (also called 'nameserver') consists of a program or computer server that implements a name-service protocol. It will normally map (i.e. connect) a humanrecognizable identifier of a host (for example, the domain name 'en.wikipedia.org') to its computerrecognizable identifier (such as the Internet Protocol (IP) address 145.97.39.155), and vice versa

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IP Address An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical identification (logical address) that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes. The role of the IP address has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."

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Web Clients and Web Browsers A Web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos, music, games and other information typically located on a Web page at a Web site on the World Wide Web or a local area network. Text and images on a Web page can contain hyperlinks to other Web pages at the same or different Web site. Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily access information provided on many Web pages at many Web sites by traversing these links. Web browsers format HTML information for display, so the appearance of a Web page may differ between browsers.

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Web Servers
Web servers are able to map the path component of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) into:
a local file system resource (for static requests); an internal or external program name (for dynamic requests).

For a static request the URL path specified by the client is relative to the Web server's root directory.

E.g IIS for Windows XP

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Working of the WEB First, the server-name portion of the URL is resolved into an IP address using the global, distributed Internet database known as the domain name system, or DNS. This IP address is necessary to contact and send data packets to the Web server. The browser then requests the resource by sending an HTTP request to the Web server at that particular address. In the case of a typical Web page, the HTML text of the page is requested first and parsed immediately by the Web browser, which will then make additional requests for images and any other files that form a part of the page. Having received the required files from the Web server, the browser then renders the page onto the screen as specified by its HTML, CSS, and other Web languages

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Protocols
 It is a set of rules governing the format and meaning of frames, packets, or messages that are exchanged by peer entities within a layer.  Protocol are used for communications between entities in a systems.  Entities use protocols in order to implement their service definitions.  The key elements of a protocol are:  Syntax : Include Time data formats and signal levels  Semantics: Includes control information and error handling.

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HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is an application level protocol for communication over WWW. HTTP Request HTTP Response

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Web Pages / Web Sites / Web Application
 Web page is a document stored on web server s directory.  Web site is collection of web pages interconnected through hyperlinks.  Web application is a software system to be accessed over internet through web protocols.

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Static and Dynamic Web Sites
Static web pages have predefined contents and predefined behavior prior to execution by web server. Dynamic web pages, will define their contents and behavior after execution from web server.

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Client Side Scripting
Coding in which web server may not be required. Web Browser/ Web Client can execute the instructions. Static web pages are almost all coded in client side scripting.

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Server Side Scripting
Web Server is required to execute the instructions. Web browser will only display results from web server. Dynamic web pages are mostly coded in server side scripting.

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Web Services
 A software application identified by URI in distributed environment.  They can be discovered and utilized based on user requirements.  It is evolution to web 2.0 from traditional web pages of web 1.0

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WSDL (Web Service Description Language)
Used for registering and Discovery of web services over internet. Used to describe the behavior of web service.

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SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
Used with HTTP for web service access. Part of web service architecture. Used for retrieval of data in request and response.

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Web Service Architecture

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Web Engineering
Systematic system of steps for developing web applications. Contains the traditional steps of software engineering from requirement engineering till testing and deployment.

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Tools for Web Development
MS Front Page Dreamweaver .NET Framework etc

Q&A

TASK # 1
Visit following web site;
 www.geocities.com

Explore how you can upload a page from your computer on Geocities Server. Create a Page in MS Front Page [showing your name, registration number, class and insert any picture on web page] and upload it to Geocities Server. Submit only URL of your web page on 16th Feb 09 [BSSEF06] and 17th Feb 09 [BSCS F06].