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By: M. Shafiee
• Tissue engineering
Basic concepts of NPs
1-Cancer diagnosis
2-Cancer therapy:
a. Systemic administration
b. Local administration
Targeting to Cancer
• Targeting to neovasculature
1- Passive targeting
2- Active targeting
Passive targeting
• Is related to different characteristics of
neoplasm tissue:
1-Open gaps through interendothelial channels.
• Targeted to:
Angiogenesis
Tumor vasculature
Cancer cells specific antigen
Common targets in Active
targeting
• VEGF receptors.
• Integrins, e.g. αvβ3 by NPs with RGD.
• Folate receptor (overexpressed in various
epithelial cancer cells).
• EGF receptor.
• Specific tumor Ag, such as PSA.
• Surface carbohydrates, using lectins.
Various types of NPs
• From last 2 decades:
Gelatin, Ceramic, Liposomes, Micelles
• More recently:
Conventional polymeric NPs
Long-circulating polymeric NPs
Quantum Dots (QDs)
Dendrimers
Aptamers
Metallic and Magnetic NPs
Conventional polymeric NPs
Conventional polymeric NPs for passive
drug delivery
• Cardiotoxicity.
1-Adsorption of surfactants.
e.g. Poloxamine, Polysorbate 80
levels of a material.
QDs characteristics
• Diameter of about 2–10 nm, allows one-on-one
interaction with biomolecules such as proteins.
• Inorganic fluorophores that have size-tunable
emission.
• Strong light absorbance.
• Bright fluorescence.
• High photostability.
QDs’ applications
• Imaging and detection
• Therapy
Multicolor quantum dot (QD) capability of QD imaging in live animal,
using 3 different QDs with the same wavelength in deep organs.
specific mAb attachment to the QD
QDs for imaging and diagnosis
• QDs emit in the IR and near-IR regions, imaging
and diagnostic of cells deep within tissues.
Emission Cy5
670 nm
Emission (QD)
nm 605
Long-circ. NP
Aptamer–NP conjugates for targeted
cancer therapy and diagnosis
• Conjugation to drug encapsulated NPs.
• Binding to optical imaging agents
including:
Fluorophores
QDs (nanocrystals)
MRI imaging agents such as magnetic
nanoparticles.
Aptamer-drug conjugates for
targeted drug delivery
Interaction
+
Doxorubicin
PSA aptamer
Physical conjugate
Conclusion
• NP-based therapeutics for clinical use: