ART NOUVEAU

18901890- 1914

Presented by : Bharti sharma  Ileshaa Khemani  Rachita Malhotra  Sonal sharma  Soubam Tikendrajit Singh  Surabhi Rai

A French term for "The New Art . A new style in the visual arts and architecture that developed in Europe and North America at the end of the nineteenth century at the 1900 World s Fair in Paris. An international art movement and style of decoration and architecture. Characterized particularly by the curvilinear depiction of leaves and flowers, often in the form of vines. These might also be described as foliate forms, with sinuous lines, and non-geometric, "whiplash" curves. INSPIRATION: - Arts and Crafts movement (William Morris) - Structural rationalism- Developments in wrought iron technology - Japan, the Middle Ages, Rococo

 This movement was the first attempt to replace the classical system of architecture and the decorative arts (The Beaux Arts academies teaching). The aim of Art Nouveau was to eliminate the distinction between the major and minor arts. They wished to unify all arts in order to settle on the theme of man s place in life and the world.

Characteristic features of Art Nouveau buildings :- Asymmetrical shapes - Extensive use of arches and curved forms - Curved glass - Curving, plant-like embellishments - Mosaics - Stained glass - Japanese motifs

 Art Nouveau was mainly a response to the Industrial Revolution. An attempt to create an international decorative style that was appropriate for the modern age, the movement straddled the fence between the past and future. Artists fused together elements of the new urban life with traditional spirituality, myth, and fantasy. Urban style, created to decorate the streets and interiors of modern industrial cities, which had expanded rapidly during the last third of the 19th century. Art nouveau flourished in a number of European countries, many of which developed their own names for the style:France Italy - Guimard, after French designer Hector Guimard - Stile floreale (floral style) or stile Liberty, after British art nouveau designer Arthur Lasenby Liberty Spain - Modernisme Austria - Sezessionstil (secession style) Germany - Jugendstil (youth style)

Architecture during Art Nouveau : Like most design styles, Art Nouveau sought to harmonise its forms. Hyperbolas and parabolas in windows, arches and doors are common, and decorative mouldings 'grow' into plant-derived forms. Art Nouveau in architecture and interior design avoided the eclectic revival styles of the 19th century. Though Art Nouveau designers selected and 'modernised' some of the more abstract elements of Rococo style, such as flame and shell textures, they also advocated the use of very stylised organic forms as a source of inspiration, expanding the 'natural' repertoire to use seaweed, grasses, and insects New MaterialsGlass - Glass art was a topic in which the style found tremendous expression, for example, the works of Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, and mile Gall and the Daum brothers in France. Ceramic - Art nouveau ceramics were influenced by the work of Japan. It was a period where lost techniques were rediscovered, such as the oxblood glaze, and entirely new methods were developed. Major French potters include: Ernest Chaplet, Taxile Doat etc.

PARIS, FRANCE
Most important artistic center in Europe at this time. The World's Fair (Exposition Universelle) held in Paris in 1900 announced Art Nouveau as a significant new style in architecture and design

Famous architectHector Guimard (1867- 1942)

Most prominent architect of French art nouveau movement Integrated the new decorative principles into a coherent architectural style Stronger allegiance to Viollet-le-Duc ( structural rationalism) even than Horta s designs

MAJOR WORKS Hector Guimard Castel Beranger, Paris ( 1890)

Paris Metropolitan Entrances ( 1899- 1905)

Pushed the analogy between metal structure and plant form

Graceful asymmetrical wrought iron entry gate

Structure made of iron and glass carefully crafted into graceful organic forms

BRUSSELS, BELGUIM
Many earliest and most important creations were either made or exhibited in the city. The city underwent great change, and Art Nouveau became the style most representative of the transformation. Belgian designers created a new style, free from the historical references of prevailing traditions. They utilized standard wrought iron and cast-iron technology, but employed it to create distinctly new forms

Famous architectVictor Horta Henry van de Velde

Famous painterHenry van de Velde

Major work -Victor Horta Tassel House, Brussels (1892-1893)

Street facade

plan of entry and vestibule showing mosaic floor

First fully developed example of Art Nouveau architecture Revealed the structural column that supports the second floor transformed its cast-iron form into a plantlike stem that terminates in a burst of intertwined tendrils as it connects with other structural elements.

Section

GLASGOW, SCOTLAND
Elements of vigorous industrialism, modernity, and ethnic pride all played their part in the particular strain of Art Nouveau that emerged there. Inspired by Japanese art, highly stylized blend of figurative and plant forms; severe rectilinear geometry, decorative value of the line; light pastel colors, use of white, occasional deep tones

Famous architectCharles Rennie Mackintosh

He proposed a revolution against the Victorian style that dubbed the city with its geometric shapes and lines, in favour of more curvatures and free lines of the Art Nouveau movement. Mackintosh created buildings notable for the elegance and clarity of their spatial concepts, the skillful exploitation of natural and artificial lighting, and skillful detailing. He felt that each design should work as a whole to which each carefully contrived detail contributes

Major works - Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Willow tea room, Scotland

Stucco white with small paned windows, iron standards and window braces, and ornamental tile inserts give an elegance and lightness appropriate for its purpose. Subtly crafted asymmetric facade

Glasgow school of arts, Glasgow

Compositional extrusions in the simple major volumes which focus views and bring in light.

Hill house, Helensburgh, Scotland

VIENNA, AUSTRIA
It is known as the Secession style Broke free from the conventions and constraints of existing Viennese art establishments by breaking down the barriers between art, design, and craft. Influenced by the geometry of the Glasgow school and the simplicity of Japanese design, Characterized by a restrained linearity and elegance.

Famous architectJosef hoffmann Otto wagner

Famous painterGustave klimt

Tree of life by Gustav Klimt

SPAIN
Famous architectAntoni Gaudi
Casa Mil apartment complex (1905-1907, Barcelona) Floral designs cover the building faade Broken tiles glitter on the rippling surface of the towers. Gaud created the illusion of a limestone reef hollowed out by centuries of seawater. Although the entire complex was executed in cut stone, there is not one straight line in the faade. Structure imitates irregular forms found in nature. Cultural and personal anxieties at the core of his architecture will fascinate the surrealists in 1930s. Intimate, subjective architecture that became a popular symbol of national identity.

PLAN

MUNICH, GERMANY
Jugendstil was the name given to Art Nouveau in Germany. The term came from the title of the Munich periodical Die Jugend (The Youth). In Munich, as elsewhere, Art Nouveau was a complex style that found expression in a number of different approaches The style uses precise and hard edges, an element that was rather different from the naturalistic style of the time. One feature of Jugendstil is the typography used, the letter and image combination of which is unmistakable. The combination was used for covers of novels, advertisements, and exhibition posters. Designers often used unique display typefaces that worked harmoniously with the image.

Famous artistOtto Eckmann Hermann Obrist August Endell

The villa Schutzenberger in Strasbourg by Berninger & Krafft

A sculpture by Hermann obrist

Five swans by otto eckmann

The Impact of Art Nouveau

Represents the beginning of modernism in design. It occurred at a time when mass-produced consumer goods began to fill the marketplace, and designers, architects, and artists began to understand that the handcrafted work of centuries past could be lost. While reclaiming this craft tradition, art nouveau designers simultaneously rejected traditional styles in favor of new, organic forms that emphasized humanity's connection to nature. As art nouveau designers erased the barrier between fine arts and applied arts, they applied good design to all aspects of living from architecture to silverware to painting. In this integrated approach art nouveau had its deepest influence. A variety of ensuing movements continued to explore integrated design, including De Stijl, a Dutch design movement in the 1920s, and the German Bauhaus school in the 1920s and 1930s. Although the stylistic elements of art nouveau evolved into the simpler, streamlined forms of modernism, the fundamental art nouveau concept of a thoroughly integrated environment remains an important part of contemporary design.

WOOD IRON STOOL ART NOUVEAU INDIA MUCHA MOTIF 1910 Constructed from recycled materials around 1910, this is a genuine Art Nouveau period stool with a carved seat and legs in wood, with an Alphonse Mucha Art Nouveau cartouche of huge blooming sunflowers burnished right into and on the smoothly carved wooden seat topped with Devan gar abugida script.

La Sagrada Familia
The style of la Sagrada Familia is variously likened to Spanish Late Gothic, Catalan Modernism and to Art Nouveau or Catalan Noucentisme

The Sagrada Familia has a great complexity of parts, which include double aisles, an ambulatory with a chevet of seven apsidal chapels, a multitude of towers and three portals. Glory Faade The largest and most striking of the facades will be the Glory Faade, on which construction began in 2002. It will be the principal faade and will offer access to the central nave. Dedicated to the Celestial Glory of Jesus, it represents the road to God: Death, Final Judgment, and Glory, while Hell is left for those who deviate from God's will