Review of state policy in sphere of for radioactive waste management of Ukraine

Mykola PROSKURA Ukraine,

Ministry of Emergencies ; The State Agency for the Exclusion Zone Management
1

General information

September 29, 1997 - Ukraine signed the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management April 20, 2000 the Law of Ukraine On Ratification of the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management was approved by Parliament June 18, 2001 - Joint Convention entered into force for Ukraine

General information
Huge activities are being accomplished on the territory of Ukraine in the field of peaceful use of nuclear energy. It includes:


At the objects of nuclear power engineering (nuclear power plants operation, termination of their operation, plants and factories of the fuels cycle); With the use of ionizing radiation sources and radioactive materials in non-nuclear industry, medicine and science (including research nuclear reactors); As a consequence of the accident at the 4th block of Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant and its aftermath elimination, including wastes generated due to the termination of operation of 1, 2, 3 power units and conversion of the object Shelter (the so-called Chornobyl radioactive wastes); As a result of military programmes implementation; According to the acting legislation waste of uranium mining and uranium-processing industry are not included into the category of radioactive waste
3

Radioactive waste in Ukraine:

Location of the major sources
Chernobyl accident

Nuclear power plants

Research reactors and centres Radon facilities

General information
At the state level authorizations for radioactive waste management are distributed by the following way: state management Ministry of Emergencies/ The State Agency for the Exclusion Zone Management (radioactive waste management in the field and on the stage of radioactive waste long-term storage and disposal), Ministry of Fuel and Energy (radioactive waste management in the field up to the moment of transfer for disposal); state regulation State Nuclear regulatory Inspection (establishment of norms, licensing, supervision) and the Health Ministry (establishment of norms, sanitary passports, supervision); development and implementation of the single technical policy in the field of radioactive waste management Ministry of Emergencies/ The State Agency for the Exclusion Zone Management; institutional control (as for enterprises-producers being in the sphere of management) Ministry of Emergencies, Ministry of Fuel and Energy, ministry of Industrial Policy, other ministries and institutions.
5

General information


Formation of state policy in the sphere of RW management the Supreme Rada (the Parliament), Taking decisions about location, designing and constructing of nuclear facilities (including RW facilities and geological disposals) - the Supreme Rada (the Parliament)

Legislative Basis
Achievement of safe level of radioactive waste management in Ukraine is based on implicit adhering to legislation in this sphere. The Parliament of Ukraine on January 25, 1994 approved Concept of state regulation of safety and management of the nuclear industry in Ukraine and put this Concept as a basis of legislation in the field of nuclear energy use and radiation protection of Ukraine. Universally recognized principles of general safety at radioactive waste disposal: a radioactive waste producer does not have a right to perform their disposal; a polluter must pay for decontamination of harmful effluents. Legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of radioactive waste management developed provisions of the Concept and defined basic principles of state policy and legal principles of state administration in the sphere of radioactive waste management, jurisdictions of public authorities, responsibility of local authorities, regulations for the system of radioactive waste account, rules for radioactive waste management, etc.
7

Legislative Basis

State administering in the field of nuclear energy use and radioactive waste management is based on the principle of differentiating of these spheres of activity. According to decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 480 dated April 29, 1996 the Ministry for Emergency Situations and Affairs of Protection of Population against Consequences of the Chornobyl Catastrophe is defined as an executive public authority in the field of radioactive waste management.

Legislative Basis
The Law of Ukraine "On Nuclear Energy Utilisation and Radiation Safety; The Law of Ukraine On Radioactive Waste Management; Law of Ukraine On Settlement of Nuclear Safety Issues, entered into force in 2005; Law of Ukraine On Procedure for Making Decisions on Siting, Design and Construction of Nuclear Installations and Radioactive Waste Management Facilities of National Importance entered into force in 2005; On Licensing Activities in the field of Nuclear Energy Utilization

Legislative Basis
    

Normative Documents: General Provisions on Ensuring of the Nuclear Power Plant Safety Safety Rules for Storage and Transportation of Nuclear Fuel at Nuclear Power Industrial Installations Basic Provisions for Safety Ensuring of Interim Dry Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facilities Recommendations on the Structure and Content of the Safety Analysis Report for Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facilities Industrial Documents and Utility Standards: Industrial Program NPP Spent Nuclear Fuel Management" Action Plan for the Spent Nuclear Fuel Management for the period till 2010
10

  

Regulatory Infrastructure
According to Decrees of the President of Ukraine the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine (SNRCU) is the state nuclear regulatory body empowered with the implementation of the legislative and regulatory framework in compliance with Article 19 of the JC provided with adequate authority, competence and resources for fulfilment of its functions and responsibilities in compliance with Article 20 of the JC; SNRCU is independent of central executive bodies, enterprises and establishments in the sphere of nuclear energy use and spent fuel and radioactive waste management; SNRCU is funded from the State Budget. The Ministry of Health take an activities in area of protection of population

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Regulatory Infrastructure Enhancement

Regulatory body strengthening  New Laws on decision making and funding  Security regulation strengthening


document "Basic Sanitary Rules for Radiation Safety of Ukraine" (OSPU-2005) entered into force 20 May 2005. OSPU-2005 applies to all production (industrial) activities including radwaste management and establishes new radwaste classification.

The

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Funding of Liabilities
Radwaste management for all nuclear legacy, including Chernobyl legacy, is funded from State Budget; All legal instruments are in place to establish Decommissioning Fund for nuclear facilities under operation; Producers of radioactive waste from non-power applications pay directly to the Radon regional centres; Development of legal instruments for establishing Radioactive Waste Management Fund is under way. The State Radioactive Waste Management Fund - 2009

13

PRESIDENT

CABINET

PARLAMENT

MINISTRY of ENERGY

MINISTRY of HEALTH

MINISTRY of INTERIOR

STATE COMMITTEE of NR

MINISTRY of ENV. PROTECT.

MINISTRY of EMERGENCIES

DEPARTMENT NE DIVISION of RW MANAGEMENT LICENSEES (ENTERPRISES) SE NAEC ENERGOATOM ZAP NPP KHM NPP STATE PRIVATE STATE SPECIALIZED SSE SSE ChNPP COMPLEX TC SSE LV KH DO DN

STATE AGNCY DIVISION of RW MANAGEMENT

UKRAINIAN STATE CORP. RADON KY OD ST

RIVNE YU-UKR NPP NPP

DESIGN, RESEARCH, SCIENTIFIC, EXPERT and INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT

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16.02.2012

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Main Principles of the State Policy in the Field of RAW Management

Priority of life and health protection of personnel and residents and environmental protection against radioactive waste impact Reliable environmental confinement of radioactive waste State regulation of RAW management Sharing of state regulation and state administration powers on RAW management Sharing of powers and responsibilities between state authorities at different stages of RAW management General public, civil organizations and local authorities are involved in decision making on RAW storage facilities placement Ban for import of RAW to the territory of Ukraine for storage and disposal International cooperation in the area of RAW management
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Radioactive Waste Management Policy

Measures to be taken in the radwaste management field are stipulated by Comprehensive Programme for Radioactive Waste Management which is approved by the Cabinet of Ministers; Comprehensive Programme for Radioactive Waste Management is to be reviewed and revised as minimum each 5-year period Comprehensive Programme implementation is supervised by high-level Interagency Commission Updated national strategy for RW management is under development.

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Spent Fuel Management Policy

The Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the Period until 2030 (Governmental Resolution No. 145 of 15.03.06) defined: for SF from NPP deferred decision is realized long-term (50 years and more) storage with future defining and approving final decision about SF reprocessing or deposition; centralised dry storage facility for WWER-440 and WWER-1000 SF to be created; Research reactor SF transportation to the country of origin is under consideration.

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Current practice storage and disposal radioactive waste in Ukraine

1.Reactors operational SL and LL waste is stored in the special buildings at reactor sites 2. Radon facilities - storage and disposal of waste and spent IRS from industry, medicine and research institutions and SSC Technocentre is constructing Vector facilities for storage and disposal of waste from NPP, SO and ChEZ :  disposal SL-LILW SL Conditioning LL-LILW for interim storage LL Interim storage of vitrified HLW and LL-LILW LL3
   

SSC Complex - waste management in the ChEZ: waste collection in the ChEZ operation of RWDP Buryakivka (disposal SL-LILW) SLmonitoring of RWDPs Pidlisny (storage HLW) and ChNPP III Stage (storage of LL-LILW) LLRWTSP (disposal SL-LILW) SL19

20

Surface soil 137Cs contamination of the Exclusion zone (for 01.12.2002)

Belarus

Prypiat
SSSIE Ecocentre, 2004
Vilcha

ChNPP

Dibrova Poliske

Paryshiv

Chornobyl
Conventional signs
Scale of the contamination density of 137Cs kBq/m2
40 000 20 000 7 500 4 000 2 000 Railway 7500 400 200 Earth road Forest and field roads 100 40

State Border of Ukraine Border of territory handed over under jurisdiction of the Administration of the Exclusion zone in 1997 Western border of the Exclusion zone before 1997 Chornobyl NPP

Isolines of the contamination density of 137Cs, kBq/m2 a) main b) auxiliary c) conventional

Dydiatky

Settlements of radioecological monitoring

Roads with blacktop coating

Kilometres

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Radioactivity stocks distributed in natural and technogenic objects at the Chornobyl exclusion zone

Activity, PBq Object Total

SSSIE Ecocentre, 2006
137

Cs

90

Sr

TRU 0.13 0.002 0.09 0.04 0.26 10

Territory of the exclusion zone Cooling pond of the Chornobyl NPP Near surface radwaste disposal facilities (RWDF) Near surface points for temporary localization of radwaste (PTLRW) TOTAL Object "Shelter (damaged nuclear fuel) Spent nuclear fuel of the Chornobyl NPP (reactor blocks Nos. 1,2 and 3, and SNFDF1)

8.13 0.22 5.49 2.14 16 740

5.5 0.19 3.6 1.4 10.7 480

2.5 0.03 1.8 0.7 5 260

Spent fuel assembly 21284, spent additional absorber 1753

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Locations of radioactive waste in the Chernobyl exclusion zone

RWDP Podlesny RWTSP SO + ChNPP RWDP ChNPPs 3rd turn

Vector Complex

RWDP Burjakovka

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CEZ

~ 90% of total volumes of HLW and LL RAW are located in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) (CEZ) Inside Shelter ~ 200 200 tons SNF

Summer, 1986

Now
FCM inside the Shelter

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RWTSP: general attributes

(status = non-operated, monitoring is being conducted)

Number of facilities = about 1000 1000 Waste = disposal of short-lived shortLLW and ILW in the bulk form Volume = 1 400 000 m3 Activity = 1,9 v1015 Bq
Ref = [Sobotovich,2005], [Antropov,2005], [NNC,2001] [Sobotovich,2005 [Antropov,2005

Problems: Problems:  Incomplete information  Underflooding  Nuclides release  Risks, safety Risks,
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RWDP Podlesny

(status = non-operated, monitoring is being conducted) In operation = XII 1986 XI 1988 Waste = storage of HLW and LL-ILW in the bulk form Volume = 11000 m3 Activity = 2,6v1015 Bq (?) Problems:  Integrity of barriers  Assessment of waste activity  Safety assessment  What to do?
Ref = [NNC, 2001]

25

RWDP ChNPPs 3rd turn

(status = non-operated, monitoring is being conducted)
Problems: Problems:  Underflooding  Barrier integrity (rain rills, suffosion) suffosion) GWL  Safety assessment  What to do? do?

In operation = X 1986 XII 1988 Waste = storage of short-lived ILW shortand LLW in containers and in the bulk form Volume = 13400 m3 (bulk form) form) 12800 m3 (in containers) containers) Activity = 5v1014 Bq
Ref = [NNC,2001]

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Site of location radiation the contaminated technics Rosocha

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Shelter Object: RCM inventory

The all of SOs radioactively contaminated materials (RCM) = radioactive waste Nuclear fuel (NF) NF) Spent fuel (SF) SF) Core fragments (CF) CF) Fuel-containing material (FCM): FuelFCM): LavaLava-like FCM Dust Materials formed in 1986: Lead Dolomite Concrete Reactor equipment Reactor materials Building structures Water Soils within the industrial site

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Shelter Object: waste and problems

 Total volume of waste = 400 1700 thousand m3  Total activity = 4,1v1017 Bq (as of 2006)  Volume of long-lived waste = 44 thousand m3

Problems: Problems:  Prolongation of term for NSC construction  Insufficient substantiation of NSC safety  Deviation from initial plan on early start of FCM removal

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RWDP Buriakovka
(status = in operation) In operation = since II 1987 Number of trenches = 26 Waste= disposal of short-lived ILW and shortLLW in the bulk form Volume = about 700000 m3 700000 Activity = 2,45v1015 Bq 2,45
Ref = [Antropov,2005], [NNC,2001] [Antropov,2005

Problems: Problems:  Lack of capacity  Formation of secondary liquid waste

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Vector surface storage

(is being under construction) [www.technocentre.com.ua] Type I - for container disposal of short-lived waste

Type II - for disposal of shortlived waste In bulk form Quantity: Type I = 16 storages Type II = 40 storages Waste: SL-LILW disposal SLHLW, LL-LILW storage LLVolume = 540,000 m3 Activity = ?
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16.02.2012

32

Site to the complex "Vector"

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Chernobyl NPP waste

Operation waste
 SF (RBMK-1000) = over 2400 t by uranium (HOYaT-1, cooling ponds)  Liquid waste = 19450 m3 or 3,5v1014 Bq ( liquid and solid waste storages)  Solid waste = 2500 m3 or 1,3v1014 Bq (solid waste storages) Waste resulted from ChNPP dismantling  Total volume = 22000 to 90000 m3  HLW and LL-ILW = to 5000 m3 (60%- graphite, 30%- concrete, 10% - equipment)

Total = 50

120 thousand m3

Accident waste
 Within Industrial site up to 500 thousand m3 of LLW and ILW (soil, metal, concrete, )
Ref = [Fomin, 2002], [Sobotovich, 2003], [IAEA:TD-1133, 2000]

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Radioactive waste generators:

Nuclear power plants (198 000 cubic m). Chornobyl NPP (more than 800 000 cubic m of solid RW for NPP, more than 300 000 cubic m of solid RW for Shelter and more than 80000 cubic m of solid RW during NSC construction). Chornobyl catastrophe (In the exclusion zone located near 2 million cubic m and outside of the exclusion zone - near 0.5 million cubic m). Industry, medicine, science. RIS encapsulated in the biologic protection shield (in total 30118 units with total activity 1074 TBq) are stored at 5 enterprises of USC Radon. In the well-type storage of SSE Radon 45040 sources with a total activity 560 TBq is stored. 13 HASS of RITEG type with a total activity 15 000 TBq of strontium 90 are in the Odessa enterprise of USC Radon. In storages of SSE Radon disposed 4532 cubic m of solid RW with total activity 200 PBq and 638 cubic m of liquid RW with total activity 2.4 TBq. There is unaccounted quantity of RW of military origin stored on the former Soviet Army bases inside of Ukraine. As a trouble spot for potential RW generation an orphan radiation sources should be regarded.

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General view of SDRW of Kharkiv IRSE

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ChNPP Radioactive Waste Management Current Practice



Liquid radwaste, including that from the Shelter, is collected with the ChNPP designed piping system and stored. Solid radwaste:
High-level is collected into special containers, which are transported in a specialised vehicle to the HLW temporary storage facility. Low- and intermediate-level solid radwaste is collected into storage containers, which are loaded into a specialised vehicle and are transported for disposal to the Buryakivka Radwaste Disposal Point.

Temporary storage of radwaste takes place in designed storage facilities which are equipped with systems for radiation monitoring, specialised ventilation, radioactive drainage, physical protection and alarms.
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Normative Documents on Decommissioning Fund (financial reserve)

The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated April 27, 2006 approves the following normative and legislative acts:
   

Regulation on special account of the operating body (utility) for accumulation of special financial reserve; Procedure of review and approval of the project of decommissioning of nuclear facility; Procedure of determining amount of utilitys deductions to the special account; Procedure of establishing the Supervisory Board to monitor use and spending of funds of financial reserve.
38

Chornobyl NPP decommissioning.

Spent nuclear fuel management.
After the final shutdown of the Chornobyl NPP in 2000 several international projects were launched at the site on creation of infrastructure for decommissioning, i.e. facilities for management with hard and liquid radioactive waste, and spent nuclear fuel. However, none of large international projects on decommissioning of the Chornobyl NPP was completed in planned term. A lag from the initial terms of completion for each of these projects makes a few years. The cost of their realization also substantially exceeds the initial value (2 times in average). The most critical situation exists with a project for constructing of a new spent nuclear fuel storage SNFS-2. Absence of SNFS-2 does not enable a start of decommissioning of reactor units of the Chornobyl NPP.

39

ChNPP Issues


  

Commissioning of Liquid Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant (LRTP) is foreseen in 14 July 2006, completion of the project 21 September 2007; Industrial Complex for Solid Radioactive Waste Management (ICSRM) construction is going on; According to the Shelter Implementation Plan the basic projects were implemented or are under implementation; Complex overview of radwaste management activities at ChNPP was done. In particular, special set of measures for graphite GR 280 (graphite stack) of power unit 2 is under way.

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A general view of SNFS-2 construction

41

Construction of a New Safe of Confinement over the Object Shelter

Creation of new protective shell - New Safe of Confinement (NSC) is a major task, which is being realizing within a framework of Shelter Implementation Plan (SIP). Conceptual design of the NSC was approved by the Government of Ukraine in March, 2004. In the nearest century this Confinement (a protective shell in form of arch), will guarantee a barrier against spreading of possible radioactive effluents from the object Shelter and will give possibility of carrying out of works for dismantling of building constructions and extraction of fuel containing materials, radioactive wastes from the ruined 4th reactor unit of the Chornobyl NPP.
42

A lot of equipment will be placed inside the Arch, i.e. lifting cranes, mechanisms and other industrial facilities. This equipment will provide dismantling, fragmentation, packing into containers and disposal of building constructions and fuel containing materials of the destroyed reactor unit.
43

New Safe Confinement Challenge

New Safe Confinement purpose is: to protect personnel, the public and the environment for 100 years from radiation sources of Object Shelter; and create conditions for Object Shelter transformation in the ecologically safe system. -----------------------------------------------------------------To achieve this goal:  Development of technologies of retrieval and management of fuel containing material, nuclear fuel fragments, radioactive wastes should be started;  Financial resources for retrieval and management of fuel containing material, nuclear fuel fragments, radioactive wastes should be found;  International cooperation should be continued.

44

Nuclear Facilities Radioactive Waste Management Current Practice

 

Each NPP constructs a complex facility for radioactive waste treatment. NPP radioactive waste is collected, sorted and preliminary treated and stored for a long period prior to transfer to the national repository (to be built) Solid radwaste from research reactors WWR-M (Kiev) and DR-100 (Sevastopol) is collected in situ, sorted, transported, accounted for and stored in the temporary storage facilities on the sites of the research reactors and then transported to the Radon regional centres. Industrial documents and utility standards: -Program of NNEGC Energoatom on RAW Management -Program on NPP RAW Minimization
45

Existing System of On-site RAW Management

ZNPP RNPP
transportation Deep evaporation

KhNPP

SUNPP

separation

incineration centrifuge

Sub-compaction

Oil incineration

46

Minimization of RAW Generation

Filling of solid RAW storage facilities*, %
100
58,7

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Filling of liquid RAW storage facilities, %

81,6 71,5 48 69,6 80 60

29,7 21,4

40
26

20 0 Z NPP RNPP KhNPP SUNPP

Z NPP

RNPP

KhNPP

SUNPP

*- with salt fusion cake placed in solid RAW storage facility

Activities on minimization of RAW generation establishing reference levels of RAW generation thorough in-situ separation with the aim to separate non- radioactive waste re-use of thermal insulation materials decontamination of tools and equipment to be re-used implementation of modern and optimized processing methods at NPPs
47

Waste of Ukrainian NPPs and UkrSA Radon

In Ukraine there are 5 NPPs and 15 operating reactors (2 VVER-440 + 13 VVER-1000) as well as - 3 decommissioned reactors (RBMK-1000). Total capacity 13,8 GW. About 50% of electric power is produced by NPPs. In the course of operation up to 230 000 m3 , during dismantling up to 150 000 m3 waste. 97% of waste volume short-lived LLW and ILW. During NPP operation the following amount of SF will be accumulated (t U): 750 (VVER-440), 8200 (VVER-1000). At the ChNPP - about 2400 t RBMK-1000. Total activity of SF (after 40- years cooling) 1,5v1020 Bq. Volume and activity of waste and SF will increase in proportion to capacities of new reactors and prolongation of operation life of present ones. Within 6 sites of the UkrSA Radon up to 6 000 m3 of liquid and solid waste as well as SIRS of total activity to 2,7v1016 Bq are located.
Ref = [Steinberg, 2004], [Bradley,1997], [Fomin, 2002], [SNRCU, 2004]

48

Total volume of waste in Ukraine

49

Volume of Long-Lived Waste in Ukraine

50

Preliminary schedule of development of the mine-type DGR

[draft of State program of DGR development, 2005]

51

Sites for Long-lived RAW disposal in CEZ

[STCU, project 1396, 2003]&[STCU, project 3187, now]

Why in the CEZ?  Acceptable geology  Lack of population  Short transport routes  Security  Advanced infrastructure

52

Distribution of waste in Ukraine according to disposal options

 A total volume of waste in Ukraine = 3,3 4,6 Mil m3  The Chernobyls origin have 2,9 to 4,2 Mil m3 (90%) of radioactive waste  97 98 % of waste can be disposed in the surface repositories  Approx. 76000 m3 of long-lived waste must be disposed in the geological repository  80 % of total volume of long-lived waste are localized in ChEZ Information: more than 90 % RW is in the Chernobyl zone Total activity of SF and HLW is 3 orders of magnitude higher than waste activity

53

Comparison of waste volume for different countries (thousand m3)

Ref = [SKB, 2002, Kuznetsov, 2004] 2002,

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IAEA CLASSIFICATION

[DS 390]

Basic approach is to divide radioactive waste into categories according to possible option for their disposal/storage
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Good Practice
 

   

Comprehensive legislative and regulatory framework; Comprehensive Programme for Radioactive Waste Management that is systematically revised and constantly supervised by high-level Interagency Commission; Improved decision making process including stakeholders involvement; Coordination by Regulatory Authority of the activities of involved in regulation state bodies; Comprehensive system to ensure radioactive sources security; Control of radioactive discharges of NPP.

56

Good Practice/Improved decision making process good practice

 Clear, precise and transparent procedure is established    
by the Law for making decisions on creation of new nuclear installations and radwaste facilities; Public consultations (including local referendum) is obligatory step of this procedure; Neighbouring countries consultations is obligatory step of this procedure; Local authorities approval is obligatory for siting; The decision on siting is to be made by the Parliament in the form of specific Law.

57

Planned Activities to Improve Safety/SF and Radwaste Management at Operating NPPs

The first-priority tasks in this area for the next 3 years are as follows:

modernise the existing ones and install new

equipment for preliminary and extensive processing of solid and liquid radwaste at NPPs;

create systems for retrieving and sorting of nonprocessed solid radwaste accumulated in solid radwaste storage facilities at NPPs;

develop and implement tools and methodologies for

monitoring of radwaste physical characteristics.
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System of RW management in Ukraine

Exclusion zone criteria PSRW Buriakivka SRWF 1 (container)
Vector 1

Preserved disposals and temporary storages of Exclusion zone SSE ChNPP

NAEC Energoatom

Other sources

UkrSC Radon

C L A S S I F I C A T I O N

criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria

SRWF 2 (in bulk) SRWF 3 (SHL IRS) SRWF 4 (HL RW)

Vector 2

5 (LL RW) Lot 3 (for ChNPP) Deep geological repository Regional storages of 6 special enterprises
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Storages of 6 special enterprises (reprofiling)

criteria

SRW N LRW P P HLRW HASS SRW

Ch

Storage on the Industrial site of NPP

RW Retrievel

SRW Package LRW Solidification HLRW Package

RW Disposal

RW Transport Storage Treatment

Disposal

Transfer to RADON

N LRW P HLRW P HASS

RWEZ

Storage on the Industrial site of ChNPP

SRW Retrievel LRW Retrievel HLRW Retrievel

SRW Conditioning LRW Solidification

SRWP Transport SRWP Transport HLRWP Transport

RW Disposal RW Disposal

HLRW Package

Storage

Treatment

RW Disposal

Transfer to RADON LLRW Retrievel

LLRW Transport LLRW Disposal

P PTRWL A PRWD R SHELTER W

RWCR

Monitoring

RW Retrievel LLRW Retrievel SRW Retrievel LRW Retrievel

RW Package

SRWP Transport LLRW Transport

Storage

Treatment

RW Disposal LLRW Disposal

R SRW A LRW D O ISIR HASS N other

Collection and Storage

SRW Package LRW

Solodification

SRWP Transport SRWP Transport SIR Transport

Storage

Treatment

RW Disposal RW Disposal

SIR Package

Storage

Treatment Hot Cells

RW Disposal

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Development of National Strategy

As an indicator of proactive position of the Government of Ukraine, development of a modern National Strategy of Radioactive Waste Management has been started within a framework of the Action Plan Ukraine-EC, including strategy of radioactive waste management for Energoatom company The National Strategy has to take into account leading experience and principles of legislation in the field of radioactive waste management of European countries. Leading specialists of Ukraine, Germany, France, Netherlands, Great Britain, Sweden are engaged to development of the National Strategy of Radioactive Waste Management.
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Development of National Strategy

This strategy is based on basic principles from IAEAs Principles of Radioactive Waste Management: A Safety Fundamental:
        

Protection of human health Protection of natural environment Protection outside national borders Protection of future generations Burden onto future generations National system of legislation Controlling the radioactive waste formation Interdependence of radioactive waste formation and management Safety of depositories
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Development of National Strategy

National Strategy of Radioactive Waste Management will define modern approaches to:


Radwaste management at the Chornobyl NPP and the object Shelter for all stages, including radwaste storage Estimation of radwaste safety, together with development of strategy of management of radwaste arisen in a result of the Chornobyl accident Waste management at uranium mining and processing industry Radioactive waste management at Energoatom company, including radioactive waste resulted nuclear fuel processing Temporal storage of radioactive waste at industrial sites Radioactive waste management resulted management of untight nuclear fuel assemblies of reactors of RBMK reactors
63

 

 

Development of National Strategy



Strategy of management and temporal storage of radioactive contaminated materials and low-level radioactive waste, arisen in result of the Chornobyl accident High-level radioactive waste management Management of radioactive waste from NPPs and other facilities of nuclear cycle, subject to decommissioning Management of radioactive waste of other origins (e.g., hospitals, research laboratories, universities, industrial enterprises, etc.) Management of radioactive waste of military industry State system of account and control of radioactive waste transportation, including prevention of illicit traffic Infrastructure of radioactive waste management, including depositories in deep geological structures
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Optimum variant of RWM system in Ukraine



Conditioning and interim storage of RW on the sites of its formation (NPP, research reactors ) Regional facilities on conditioning and interim storage of RW of industrial medical and scientifical establishments on the basis of specialised enterprises of Ukr.SSE Radon For disposal of very low-level waste th surface repositories of trench type should be used (2nd turn of Burjakovka RWDP) Storage of HLW and LL-ILW and disposal short-lived waste are planned at the Vector Complex. For this purpose it is necessary to create National Centre for treatment, storage and disposal of waste For disposal of HLW and LL-ILW it is necessary to create geological repository

65

Conclusions
For creation of national system of radioactive waste management and solution of Chernobyls waste problem it is necessary to:     Establish State fund Develop strategy of radioactive waste management Develop the national new special program of radioactive waste management The State Agency and The Operator

66

Thank you for attention

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