GONAD : organ dwifungsi sel benih & h seks ke 2 fungsi berkaitan konsentrasi h seks tinggi diperlukan perkembangan sel

benih fungsi gonad penting proses reproduksi OVARIUM : ovom, h steroid (estrogen & progesteron)

TESTIS

: spermatozoa & h testosteron

TESTIS
Memproduksi testesteron & spermatozoa 1.Spermatogenia & sel benih 2.Sel Leydig 3.Sel sartoli

Gross and microscopic anatomy of human testis

Testis
Function:
1. Spermatogenesis (spermatozoa) 2. Androgen synthesis and secretion (h. testosteron)

Consists of:
1. Seminiferous tubules: nurtures the sperm as they develop. Each tubule is made up of germ cells and Sertoli cells 2. Leydig cells: steroid synthesizing cells.

Androgens
In males, androgens are secreted by Leydig cells of the testis, with only a small contribution from the adrenal. In male embryos androgen secretion by the Leydig cells is initiated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). T is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5 reductase in peripheral tissues. Embryonically, T stimulates the male external genitalia, while DHT is responsible for the development of the internal genitalia In adolescence, androgens stimulate skeletal growth and muscle protein synthesis. Androgens induce aggression and libido They also promote the development of both primary and secondary male sexual characteristics

HORMON SEKS LAKI-LAKI

3F OHSD DAN H
5,4

ISOMERASE

PREGNENOLON
17ALFA OH ase

PROGESTERON
17 ALFA OH ase

17 ALFA OH PREGNENOLON

17 ALFA PROGESTERON

C17,20

LYASE

C17,20

LYASE

DHEA
17 BETA OHSD

ANDROSTENEDION
17 BETA OHSD

ANDROSTENEDIOL

TESTOSTERON

TESTOSTERON

16 OHsilasi Estriol

Testicular biosynthesis and hepatic metabolism of testosterone

Action of LH and FSH on Sertoli and Leydig Cells

TESTIS
SEL SPERMATOGONIA : PENGHASIL SPERMATOZOA : PENGHASIL TESTOSTERON : PENGHASIL INHIBIN DAN ABP FUNGSI INHIBIN : PENGENDALI FSH SEL LEYDIG

SEL SERTOLI

E2

TESTOSTERON
ESTRADIOL ANDROSTANEDIOL DHT

ORGAN SASARAN
DHT ( 5 ALFA REDUKTASE ): PROSTAT,
VESIKULA SEMINALIS, GENETALIA EKSTERNA DAN KULIT GENETALIA.

TESTOSTERON

: STRUKTUR DARI
WOLFFIAN EMBRIONIK, SPERMATOGONIA, OTOT, TULANG DAN GINJAL.

FUNGSI ANDROGEN
1. ANDROGENIK 2. ANABOLIK : SINTESIS ABP, ALFA 2u GLOBULIN ( MALE MICE ) , DAN SINTESIS ENZIM DI GINJAL YANG BERPERAN PADA PROSES ANABOLIK .

METABOLISME HORMON SEKS

ANDROGEN
MELIPUTI 2 CARA : 1. Oksidasi posisi C 17 terutama HATI terbentuk senyawa

17 KETO STEROID :
ANDROSTERON & ETIOKOLANOLON 2. Reduksi IKATAN RANGKAP pada CINCIN A DHT ( DIHIDROTESTOSTERON ) adanya 5 alfa reduktase & NADPH [prostat, genetalia eksterna & kulit]

ESTROGEN : terbentuk ESTRIOL PROGESTERON : terbentuk PREGNANEDIOL

TERAPI
T 5 alfa reduktase + NADPH ANDROSTENEDION Inhibitor 5 alfa reduktase

BPH
DHT

TESTOSTERON

DHT Anti Androgen Flutamid RESEPTOR ANDROGEN E2 + DHT / T HIPERTROFI PROSTAT ( BPH : benign prostatic hypertrophy)

E2 ( 17 BETA ESTRADIOL )
PADA LAKI - LAKI BERASAL :
1. AROMATISASI ANDROGEN DI PERIFER ( 90% ) 2. SINTESIS DI TESTIS ( 10% )

FUNGSI 17

ESTRADIOL [E2]

1. REGULASI FSH 2. TINGKAH LAKU SEKSUAL PADA BINATANG ( KARENA DISINTESIS DI OTAK ). 3. INDIREK MEMPENGARUHI SPERMATOGENESIS

PENINGKATAN SHBG
I. HIPERTIROID, SIROSIS HEPATIS DAN PENUAAN : BERAKIBAT TERJADINYA PENINGKATAN E2 BEBAS : T BEBAS SHG TERJADI E S T R O G E N I S A S I II. PADA LAKI-LAKI DAN WANITA : ENZIM AROMATASE MENINGKAT ( SEL LEMAK, KULIT DAN HATI ) DIDAPATKAN PADA : SIROSIS HEPATIS, HIPERTIROIDISME,

PENUAAN, OBESITAS,

Zn