TITLE : HARMONIC ELIMINATION BY USING HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTERS.

BY BATCH:12 T.VIJAY KUMAR. R.SUMANTH. S.UDAY KIRAN. P.VINUSHA.

Contents:
      

Abstract. Introduction. Harmonics. Filters. Matlab /simulink. Simulation results. Conclusion.

ABSTRACT:

This paper present a novel schematic for hybrid active power filter algorithum which is based on harmonic extraction.

INTRODUCTION :


WHAT IS LOAD ? Load is an output device. It uses the energy from power source. TYPES OF LOADS: Linear loads. Non-Linear loads.

Linear Loads :


A linear element in a power system is a component in which the current is proportional to the voltage.

Non linear loads :



In a non-linear load the current wave shape is not the same as the voltage.

How facts devices can be used : Based on following the facts devices can be used :  Loads  Harmonics  Reactive power  Voltage sag / voltage swell.

For:

Non-linear load<Effect of harmonic>-APF. Linear load Linear loads Both loads Both loads <Effect of Q >-STATCOM. >-DVR. >- DSTATCOM. >-UPFC

<Vol sag/swell <Effect of har + Q <All the above

Harmonics:
 

Harmonics are sinusoidal component of a periodic wave having a frequency that is an integer multiple of fundamental frequency. Usually defined as periodic steady state distortions of voltage/current waveforms in power systems.

Contd


It is electric power pollution. When a non linear load draws the current that passes through all of the impedance that is between load and system impedance. As a result of the current flow harmonic voltages are produced. Distorted sine waves associated with currents and voltages of different amplitude and frequency.
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Sources of harmonics
    

Solid state devices Rectifier circuits Thyristor switches High switching loads Short circuits of motors and generators

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Effects of harmonics
      

Equipment heating Equipment malfunctioning Equipment failure Communication interference Transformer over heating Effect on synchronous motor Effect on transmission lines

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TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION



Ratio of rms value of the harmonic components to the rms values of fundamental frequency
Vh2 THDV ! h!2 V1 I h2 THDI ! h!2 I1
g g

 

It is generally expressed in percentage. This will measure the deviation of harmonic wave from fundamental sin wave.
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Methods to reduce Harmonics

Passive filters

Series Shunt Series Shunt Hybrid

Active power Filters

Load monitoring

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Why Active Power Filters?

    

Filtering of harmonics that change in frequency and size is efficient Many harmonics can be filtered with one filter Rapid response and requires small space. The rating of active filter is less than passive filter for same load. It will not introduce system resonances that can move a harmonic from one frequency to another.
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Advantages of shunt active filters:



Viable and cost-effective for low to medium kva industrial loads. Supply side inductance L does not affect the harmonic compensation capability of parallel active filter system. controlled as a harmonic current source and its controller implementation is simple. Performance, controlled as a harmonic current source is not affected by supply voltage harmonics.
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Different Topologies of Active Power filters



Shunt Active Power Filter

Compensate current harmonics by by injecting equal but opposite harmonic current.

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Ideal solution for the compensation of current harmonics generated by nonlinear loads;

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Series Active Power Filter



Ideal solution to perform voltage tasks: to eliminate voltage harmonics, to balance and regulate the terminal voltage of the load or line.

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Hybrid Active Power Filters.



Solution able to ensure satisfactory performance with not too large costs.

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Basic principle


Shunt active power filter generates a current equal and opposite in polarity to the harmonic current drawn by the load and injects it to the point of coupling there by forcing the source current to be pure sinusoidal.

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Basic block diagram:

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MATLAB/SIMULINK: What is MATLAB? The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. What is SIMULINK? SIMULINK is a software package for modelling , simulating , and analysing dynamic systems.

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Matlab/simulink modeling of id - iq controlled APF using Butter worth Filter.

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Simulation Results

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Contd

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Contd

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CONCLUSION : Hence, this will conclude that it is necessary to detect and remove the harmonics by using the STF-CPC algorithms and hysteresis switching techniques.

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THANK YOU

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