Presented by: Satprit Hanspal MBA (SEM 1) Section B

What is poverty?
Poverty is the lack of basic necessities that all human beings must have: food and water, shelter, education, medical care, security, etc. A multi-dimensional issue, poverty exceeds all social, economic, and political boundaries.

42% of Indiafalls below theInternational Poverty Lineof $1.25 a day (Purchasing Power Parity, in nominal terms Rs. 21.6 a day in urban areas and Rs 14.3 in rural areas); Of these A quarter do not have adequate housing.. A fifth have no access to modern health services

WHY

Non income-based measures Health

Infant mortality figures are higher for poor than rich households Difficult because this requires a system for registration of births and deaths

Education
Net primary school enrolment rate Ratio of enrolled primary-school-age children to all primary-school-age children.

... In 1997 the richest fifth of the Indias population had 74 times the income of the poorest fifth. ..The top three billionaires have assets greater than the combined GNP of all least developed countries and their 600 million people.

Trade India loses out through unfair trade agreements, lack of technology and investment, and rapidly changing prices for their goods.

War or conflict When a country is at war (including civil war) basic services like education are disrupted. People leave their homes as refugees. Crops are destroyed.

Debt A country like India has to pay interest on the debts. This means the country cannot afford to spend enough on basic services like health and education; nor on things like transport or communications that might attract investment. Land If you have land you can grow your own food. But many people in the country have had their land taken over by large businesses, often to grow crops for export.

Food and education Affordable, secure food supplies are vital. Malnutrition causes severe health problems, and can also affect education. Without education it is difficult to escape from poverty. This becomes a vicious circle people who live in poverty cannot afford to send their children to school.

Gender When we measure poverty we find differences between the level experienced by men or boys, and women or girls. Women may be disadvantaged through lack of access to education; in some countries they are not allowed to own or inherit land; they are less well paid than men.

Poverty Targets:
2015 poverty targets Members of the Organisation for Co-operation and Development (MOCD) agreed these after the 1995 Copenhagen summit. They aim to reduce poverty in a country like India by at least one half by 2015. 20/20 initiative At the same summit some governments agreed that 20% of aid and 20% of the budget of the developing country receiving that aid would be spent on basic services.

Aid The aid that any poor person gets from the government should not be spent on unproductive sectors. Instead it should be utilised for fulfilling their basic needs.

Fair trade Fair trade guarantees higher, more stable prices for third world producers. Look out for products with a Fair trade Mark.

1. Government has propounded various self employment schemes which needs to be implemented properly and effectively. 2. As said earlier, 20% of the governments earnings should be used to fulfill the basic necessities of the poor people. 3. Obtaining primary education is the birth right of each and every child and under the program called Sarva Siksha Abhiyan it is seen that poor children get their education properly. Only then will they be able to support their family in the future.

Government Policy and Programme towards Poverty Reduction

Self Employment Programme =Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana Synergy and Convergence of (IRDP, TRYSEM, DWCRA and MWS) =Wage Employment Programme =Jawahar Gram Samiti Yojana (JGSY) =Employment Assurance Scheme

 Indias

GDP rate is increasing at a stable rate of about 8.8% and it needs to be maintained to curb the poverty rate. Education centers should be increased. Prices of basic commodities should be controlled by the Government. Lastly, every individual should promote charities so that atleast basic necessities can be made available to the poor.