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Group Members:

Dr. Mohammed Fazil Omar Bin Mohamed Hyffny Dr. Nurul Izzah Binti Fauzan Dr. Tuan Nur Atiqah Liyana Binti Tuan Rahim Dr. Nur Hanan Binti Md Dr. Najah Kurama Binti Ahmad Zuhdi Dr. Raihan Jannah Binti Mohd Yusoff Dr. Nurul Syafiqah Binti Ab.Razak Dr. Ahmad Termidzi Bin Mohd Azhar Dr. Muhammad Nur Akram Bin Makhtar Dr. Wahyu Anwar Bin Jamali Dr. Ismail Bin Shaberi Dr. Abdul Hafizul Haq Bin Abd. Latiff Dr. Ahmad Ahsan Bin Mohamad Nil Dr. Ahmad Zulkhairi Bin Sa'adon (Group B) (Group D) (Group C) (Group C) (Group C) (Group C) (Group D) (Group C) (Group C) (Group A) (Group D) (Group C) (Group C) (Group D)

The azygos running up the right side of

thoracic vertebral column Alternate path for blood to the right atrium by allowing the blood to flow between the vena cava when one vena cava is blocked. Transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen to the superior vena cava. The anatomy of this blood vessel can be quite variable. In some rare variations for example, it also drains thoracic veins, bronchial veins and even gonadal veins. The vein is so named because it has no symmetrically equivalent vein on the left side of the body.

Formed by the union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal
veins at the level of 12th thoracic vertebra.

Ascending in the posterior mediastinum and arching over the right main

bronchus posteriorly at the root of the right lung to join the superior vena cava. landmark .

This arch of azygos vein (arcus venae azygos) is an important anatomic


The arch can be displaced laterally, creating a pleural septum separating an
azygos lobe from the upper lobe of the right lung. opposite site of vertebral column. right intercostal veins.

A major tributary is hemiazygos vein which is a similar structure on the Other tributaries include the bronchial veins, pericardial veins and posterior It communicates with the vertebral venous plexuses

Origin: Vary Union of right ascending lumbar vein and right subcostal vein (below joins IVC) OR from the back of inferior vena cava at the level of renal vein. Course and Relations: Enters the thoracic cavity through the aortic opening of the diaphragm on the right side of the aorta at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra with thoracic duct in between. Ascends anterior to the bodies of the lower 8 thoracic vertebrae. Arches above the root of the right lung to end in the superior vena cava at the level of sternal angle (T4).

End: Enters the superior vena cava at its middle Tributaries All the right posterior intercostal veins except 1st vein ( ends into right brachiocephalic vein) Right subcostal & ascending lumbar veins. Hemiazygos & accessory hemiazygos veins. Veins draining the thoracic viscera (oesophageal, pericardial & right broncial veins)

Right 8 lower intercostal veins. Right superior intercostal veins. Superior hemiazygos veins. Inferior hemiazygos veins. Mediastinal veins. Oesophageal veins. Pericardial veins. Right bronchial veins.

Formation: union of 4th-8th intercostal veins. Descends on the left side of vertebral column. Drains:
- Left posterior intercostal veins from the 4th8th space. - The bronchial veins from the left lung. thoracic vertebra to end in the azygos vein.

End: crossing the midline infront body of 8th

Formation:

- Union of left subcostal & lest ascending lumbar veins (below joins left renal vein). - OR arise from the back of left renal vein. thorax.

Pierce the left crus of diaphragm to enter the Ascend left side of vertebral column till 9th
thoracic vertebra

End: Cross the midline to end in the azygos vein.

Tributaries:

- Left posterior intercostal veins (9th-11th) - Left subcostal vein. - Descending aorta - Thoracic duct - Oesophagus.

It crosses behind:

Azygos vein:

- Connects superior vena cava with inferior vena cava - In case of obstruction of SVC or IVC,it is the main rout for the collateral circulation.
- It is the puncture of thoracic wall t aspirate fluid from the pleura - Should be done midway between 2 ribs in the mid axillary line in the 6th space: > to avoid penetrating abdominal viscera. > to avoid injury to the intercostal nerves & vessels.

Paracentesis thoracis:

Thorax First Year, Anatomy Department,

Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Grants Dissector, Thirteenth Edition Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Keith L.Moore Grays Anatomy-The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 39th Edition. ElSevier Inc ElSevierImage.com http://www.anatomyexpert.com http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-theazygos-vein.htm

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