PILL CAMERA

By M.Mounika:08c01a0466

CONTENTS
Conventional method Introduction Description Specifications Parts inside the pill camera Procedure Advantages Drawbacks & Overcomes Conclusion

CONVENTIONAL METHOD
Endoscopic Examination is replaced by pill camera.

INTRODUCTION TO PILL CAMERA

Capsule endoscopy, or Pill Camera is a relatively new test that permits a direct visual examination of the small

intestine, an area of the body not previously accessible using upper

endoscopy

from

above

or

colonoscopy from below.

DESCRIPTION
The device, called the given Diagnostic Imaging System, comes in capsule form and contains a camera, lights, transmitter and batteries.

SPECIFICATIONS
Diameter of 10 mm and a length of 20 mm. Bullet shape-this shape and its diameter are critical for mapping the small intestine. Uses silver oxide button batteries - high energy density and disposable.

Made up of biocompatible material.

INSIDE A PILL CAMERA

Optical Dome

Antenna

Lens Holder

ASIC Transmitter

Lens Illuminating LEDs CMOS Image Sensor

Battery

1. OPTICAL DOME
The optical Dome contains the light receiving window. The window along with container are sealed to prevent infiltration of digestive fluids inside the capsule.

2. LENS HOLDER
The lens holder is that part of the capsule which accommodates the lens.

3. LENS
The lens is that part of the pill camera arranged behind the Light Receiving window.

4. ILLUMINATING LED
Around the Lens & CMOS Sensor, four LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are present. These plural lighting devices are arranged in donut shape.

5. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR

CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) produces very high quality images.

6. BATTERY
Silver oxide primary batteries are used (Zinc/Alkaline electrolyte/Silver oxide). Such a battery has a even discharge voltage, disposable.

7. ASIC TRANSMITTER
Two transmitting electrodes are connected to the outlines of ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) Transmitter.

8. ANTENNA
The dome containing the antenna is made of non conducting material which is harmless to the human body. Parylene coated on to poly ethylene or polypropylene is used.

PROCEDURE
Capsule is swallowed by the patient like a conventional pill. It takes images as it is propelled forward by peristalsis.

A wireless recorder, worn on a belt, receives the images transmitted by the pill.
A computer workstation processes the data and produces a short video clip or still images.

Data recorder with pick up antenna and a computer

A view of data recorder being mounted on a belt pack tie to the patients waist

IMAGES OBTAINED BY PILL CAMERA

ADVANTAGES
Painless, no side affects or complications. Miniature size so can move easily through the digestive system. Accurate, precise and low power consumption. Images taken are of very high quality. Made of bio compatible material.

DRAWBACKS AND OVERCOMES

Patients with gastrointestinal structures or narrowing are not good candidates for this procedure due to the risk of obstruction. The Pill will get stucked if there is a partial obstruction in the small intestine. Impossible to control Camera behavior.

CONCLUSION
The capsule endoscopy system is the first of its kind to be able to provide non-invasive imaging of the entire small intestine. It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging to a great extent and has proved to be of great help to physicians all over the world.

THANK YOU