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Some of digital system operations: decoding/encoding; multiplexing; demultiplexing; comparison; code converting; data busing. We will study some ICs in MSI(mediumscale-integration) category which can provide such operations.
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9-1 Decoders
A decoder accepts a set of inputs that represents a binary number and activates only the output that corresponds to that input number.
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Fig 9-6 Ex. 9-3: counter/decoder combination used to provide timing and sequencing operations.
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Fig 9-7 (a) 7- segment arrangement; (b) active segments for each digit
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Fig 9-8 (a) BCD-to-7-segment decoder/driver driving a commonanode 7-segment LED display; (b) segment patterns for all possible input codes.
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Fig 9-9 Liquid-crystal display: (a) basic arrangement; (b) applying a voltage between the segment and the backplane turns ON the segment. Zero voltage turns the segment OFF.
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Fig 9-10 (a) Method for driving an LCD segment; (b) driving a 7-segment display.
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9-4 Encoder
Fig 9-12 General encoder diagram.
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Fig 9-13 Logic circuit for an octal-to-binary (8-line-to-3line) encoder. For proper operation, only one input should be active at one time.
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FIG 9-16 Circuit for keyboard entry of three-digit number into storage registers.
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9-5 Troubleshooting
Observation/analysis is used to narrow the location of the fault to a small area of the circuits. Divide-and-conquer is used to identify the location of the problem after observation/analysis has generated a number of possibilities.
Example 9-7 A technician tests the circuit of Figure 9-4 by using a set of switches to apply the input code at A4 through A0. She observes that all of the odd-numbered outputs respond correctly, but all of the even-numbered outputs fail to respond when their code is applied.
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3. 4.
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Fig 9-21 (a) Logic diagram for the 74ALS151 multiplexer; (b) truth table; (c) logic symbol
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FIG 9-23 (a) Logic diagram for the 74ALS157 multiplexer; (b) logic symbol; (c) truth table
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Fig 9-24 System for displaying two multidigit BCD counters one at a time.
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Fig 9-25 (a) Parallel-toserial converter; (b) waveforms for X7X6X5X4X3X2X1X0 = 10110101.
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FIG 9-31 A clock demultiplexer transmits the clock signal to a destination determined by the select code inputs.
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Fig 9-40 BCD-tobinary converter implemented with 74HC83 four-bit parallel adders.
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