Multimedia Security

Part I: Digital Watermarking

Digital Watermarking?


Allows users to embed some data into digital contents When data is embedded, it is not written at header part but embedded directly into digital media itself by changing media contents data

How It Works

Data Hiding

Types of Watermark


Visible


A visible translucent image which is overlaid on the primary image An overlaid image which cannot be seen, but which can be detected algorithmically

Invisible


Visible Watermark


Logo or seal of the organization which holds the rights to the primary image, it allows the primary image to be viewed, but still marks it clearly as the property of the owning organization. Overlay the watermark in a way which makes it difficult to remove, if the goal of indicating property rights is to be achieved.

Visible Watermark

Invisible Watermark
 

Embedding level is too small to notice Can be retrieved by extraction software Applications:
  

Authentication Copyrighting Etc

Invisible Watermark

Embedding Techniques


Spatial domain
 

Original needed Original not needed

Frequency domain
 

Original needed Original not needed

Spread domain

Spatial Domain

Frequency Domain


Watermarking signal to embed Host signal

X ! x0 , x1 ,..., x N

Frequency components Embedding Extraction

Exi ! f i  f i
f i ! f i  Exi

V ! v0 , v1 ,..., v N

F ! f 0 , f1 ,..., f N

Frequency Domain

Spread Spectrum

Spread Spectrum

Applications of Watermarking


Rights management Contents management Access/copy control Authentication

Features of Watermarking


Invisible/Inaudible


Information is embedded without digital content degradation, because of the level of embedding operation is too small for human to notice the change. The embedded information can survive after some processing, compression and format transformation. Data size of the media is not changed before and after embedding operation because information is embedded directly into the media.

Inseparable


Unchanging data file size



Technical Requirements for Watermarking

Invisibility

Robustness

Capacity

Digital Watermarking Alliance

Represents applications and solutions for:


Audio and Music Content Video, Movies and TV Content Digital Imagery Identity Documents Value Documents

Digital Watermarking Alliance Members

Digital Watermarking Examples



Copyright Communication
   

Copy Protection Monitoring Filtering/Classification Authentication/Integrity Asset/Content Management Rights Management Remote Triggering Linking/ELinking/E-Commerce

Product Serialization & Tracking

   

Potential Usage Models and Benefits

User Software Usage Models Copyright Communication
P2P systems only distribute non-copyright content

Detect Copyright DWM Licensed Content

Detect Content ID P2P systems can resell copyrighted content with license agreements with content owners

Enhanced Content
P2P systems provide or sell media content information and related items

Copyright Digital Watermark Architecture

Content Owner
Audio/Video Master
Embed Copyright and Content ID DWM

Users PC
Rip Software
Compressed Audio/Video File (e.g. MP3 file)

User Software
Detect Copyright and Content ID DWM for Secure and Enhanced content

Rights & Info Database

Content ID linked to rights, information and related content

Provider Index Database Location (Centralized or Distributed)

Can be used to address P2P and social network content Identification needs as well as providing identification of orphan works and access to metadata/networked information

Filtering & Classification

Copyrighted

Access Legitimate Copy or License

Content Filter

Non-Copyrighted

Can support existing, established and/or new Classification Systems or content identifiers such as MPAA film ratings, ISAN or ad identification codes, etc. Filtering can occur at the whole content level and/or at a more granular level identifying copyrighted, sensitive and/or questionable material for the given audience May be key element of identifying copyrighted content to support legitimate P2P distribution

Connected Content/Linking


Promoting & Facilitating M-Commerce MLocation based services Multimedia access

   

Captured CD e-logo links to web and music downloads

Streaming audio Music Multimedia Bookmarking

DOWNLOAD  Ring tones  Buy tickets  Reviews  Tour dates  Samples  Band info

Digital Media Serialization & Tracking

  

Identifies content owners and rights while communicating copyright information Awareness of watermarked content by consumer creates deterrent against unauthorized copying and distribution Provides accurate identification of source of unauthorized content discovered on the Internet and/or physical media
Retail Content Embed Serial # (1) Embed Serial # (2) Recordable Media

Content ID

(1) At Point of Distribution Content Provider Track and take proper action Protected for privacy Detect Serial Number (2) At point of copying/re-distribution

Multimedia Security
Part II: Encryption

Goals


Person authentication


Assurance that the communicating entity is the one claimed Prevention of unauthorized use of a resource Protection of data from unauthorized disclosure Assurance that data received is as sent Protection against denial by the parties in a communication

Access control


Data confidentiality


Data integrity


NonNon-repudiation


Multimedia Data
What separates multimedia data from traditional alpha numeric data?  Large in file size


May require real-time processing (especially realfor continuous media) Portable and mobile applications

Multimedia Encryption Approach



Signal scrambling
  

Historical approach Not compatible with modern multimedia compression Fast speed but low security Trivial solution High security but slow speed Most popular approach today Limited in its range of application Complementary to selective encryption Very fast computation speed

Total encryption with cryptographic ciphers

 

Selective encryption
 

Integrating encryption into entropy coding

 

Selective Encryption


Select the most important coefficients and then encrypt them with traditional ciphers such as DES
Digitized Audiovisual data Media Compression System Coefficients Coefficient Selection Selected Coefficients Cryptographic Cipher

Nonselected Coefficients

Error Correction Coding

Transmission channel or storage media

Advantages
   

Lower complexity High security level provided by traditional cryptology Less error correction coding redundancy Compatible with existing software and hardware modules

Example: Selective Encryption for G.723.1 Speech Coder



ITUITU-T Recommendation G.723.1



A popular low bit rate speech codec Vocoder Decoder synthesizes speech using the model

Based on the human voice generation model

 

LSP codebook indices

Vocal Tract
Linear filter

LSP Decoder

LSP Interpolator

Lag of pitch predictors Gain vectors

Pitch Decoder

Pitch Postfilter

Synthesis Filter

Formant Postfilter

Fixed codebook gains and others

Vocal Cord
Excitation signal generation

Excitation Decoder

Gain Scaling Unit

Randomized Huffman Table Encryption

0 0 A 0 B 1 C 0 D 1 E 0 F 1 B G C 1 1 0 1 A 0 1 0 D 1 E 1 F 0 G 0 1 1 0 0 1

Huffman code #0

isomorphic tree!

Huffman code #1

100011001010110111101111 BADCAEFG 110011001110110110111111

Multimedia Encryption with Randomized Entropy Coder

  

Select a good PRBG Select an r-bit random seed s (encryption key) Pseudo-random sequence output from PRBG(s) becomes seudothe key hoping sequence (KHS)
Entropy Coder

Input symbol
s PRBG

1110 1011110 110001

KHS = 011000110

Challenges


Real time constraint Potential cost constraint Potential bit rate increase Rate variation challenge Dynamic network conditions Transcoding challenge

Conclusion


Multimedia security relevance Tradeoff approach based on application Goal is the design of an
  

efficient, efficient, secure and cost effective technique for multimedia security using digital watermarking and encryption

Thank you !!!