FOP-2011, 3-5 DECEMBER, IIT, DELHI

PULSE COMPRESSION OF SIT SOLITONS THROUGH

NONLINEAR TUNNELING EFFECTS

ABSTRACT
We have investigated the Nonlinear Schrdinger-Maxwell-Bloch (NLS-MB)
equation with variable coefficients which represents the propagation of optical pulses in an
inhomogeneous erbium doped fiber system. Firstly, the nonlinear Schrdinger equation with
distributed coefficients is solved analytically by Darboux Transformation based on Lax pair.
We claimed two soliton solution for further investigation of soliton propagation through
nonlinear tunneling. To analyse this case, we consider a special form of dispersion and
nonlinearity coefficients.

INTRODUCTION
Optical soliton propagation in erbium-doped system is governed by the Maxwell-Bloch (NLS-
MB) equations. They showed that if the energy difference between the two levels of the media
coincides with the optical wavelength, then coherent absorption takes place. The media
becomes optically transparent to that particular wavelength, called the self-induced
transparency (SIT) [1]. Nonlinear tunneling effect which is occur in nonlinear media has been
discussed by several authors [2,3]. Very recently in [4], W.P. Zhong et. al. has been
investigated in detail about the nonlinear tunneling effects of solitons with distributed
coefficients in the presence of external harmonic potential. The study of SIT (NLS-MB)
soliton propagation through the nonlinear tunneling effect have not well been explored, hence
we are interested in such a study to achieve the pulse compression and necessary physical
background.
M.S. Mani Rajan
1*
, A. Mahalingam
2

1,2
Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, India.
E-mail: senthilmanirajanofc@gmail.com

THEORY

The generalized inhomogeneous NLS-MB (GINLS-MB) equation describing the SIT
soliton propagation through the nonlinear erbium doped fiber is of the following form





where q(z, t) is the complex envelope of the field, p(z, t) is the measure of the polarization of
the resonant medium and (z, t) denotes the extent of the population inversion, which are given by
and respectively, being the wave functions of the two energy levels of
the resonant atoms , the functions the functions D(z), R(z), and are real and arbitrary which account
for the varying dispersion for which the dispersion curve has a harmonic oscillator potential form,
varying nonlinearity, nonlinear focus length and arbitrary gain respectively. Second term of Eq. (1)
results from the group velocity and the Parameter V(z) denotes the velocity of propagation. The
angular bracket represents averaging over the entire frequency. Thus



where h(e) is the uncertainty in the energy levels.



0 2 ) (
2
) (
2
) (
) ) ( ) ( ) ( (
2
= > < I + + + + p i q z
i
q q z R q
z D
q t z z D z V i q i
tt t z
u
) 1 ( )) , ( ) , ( ) ( 2 ) ) ( 2 ( t z t z q z R t z D p i p
t
q u e + =
( ) ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
* *
t z q t z p q t z p
t
+ = q
*
2 1
v v
2
2
2
1
v v
2 1
andv v
( ) ( ) ( ) ) 2 ( , ; , e e e d h t z p t z p
}
=
( ) ) 3 ( 1
}
= e e d h

LAX PAIR

The Lax pair of a given system confirms its integrability and provides a means for obtaining soliton
solutions. We can construct the linear eigenvalue problem for Eq. (1) as follows:

where U and V are






with the transformation

Eq. (1) can be obtained from the compatibility condition and this condition is satisfied by
considering the flow to be non-isospectral

The Lax pair confirms the complete integrability of Eq. (1).

) 4 ( , V U
z t
= =
P J i U + =
|
|
.
|

\
|
' '
' '
+
+ + + + =
q
q
e

*
2
) ( 2
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
p
p
i
Q
i
J z V z i P z D z J z D i V
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
1 0
0 1
J
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ + +
=
) ( ) ( ) ( ) * ) ( 2 * ) ( * ) ( )( ) (
2
1
exp(
) ) ( 2 ) ( ) ( ( ) ) (
2
1
exp( ) ( ) ( ) (
2 2
2 2
z V z t q z R q z V i q z D i q z D t z i
D
R
q z V i q z D i q z D t z i
D
R
z V z t q z R
Q
t
t
u u u
u u u
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
0 ) ) (
2
1
exp( *
) ) (
2
1
exp( 0
) (
) (
2
2
t z i q
t z i q
z D
z R
P
u
u
and ) ) (
2
1
exp( ) , ( ) , (
2
t z i t z p
D
R
t z p u = ' ) 5 ( ) , ( ) , ( t z
D
R
t z q q = '
) 6 ( ) ( ) (
2
1
z z V
z
u

=
c
c
DARBOUX TRANSFORMATION
The Darboux transformation has been proved to be an efficient way to find the soliton
solution for integrable equations


From above equation, we can obtain


where i, j = 1, 2, and
Two-soliton solution


where


) ( ] 1 [ S I = +
) 7 ( ) , ( ,
2 1
1
A A = A A =

diag H H S
A
+
+ =
* *
1 1 *
1
) (
j i
ij ij
S
| |
o
2
2
2
1
det | | + = = A H
( ) ) 8 ( ) 2 2 (
) (
) (
2 ) , (
2 1 1 1
1
F
G
A Sech e
z R
z D
q t z q
B i
o o + + =
(9) and ))) 2 ( ) ( (
) 2 ( ( ))) ( (
)) 2 ( ) ( ((
1 1 2 1 2
2 2
1 1
2
2 1 2
2 2
1 1
) ( 2 2 ) 2 2 ( ) ( 2
2
2
1 1 2
2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2
A Tanh i e
A Sech e i e
A Sech e e e e G
A B i
B i A B i
A A B i B i A B i A A B i
o | | o
o | | o
o
+ +
+ + +
+ =
+
+
+ + + + +
)) ) ( ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ))) ( 2 (
)) ( 2 ( )) ( 2 ( 2 ( ) 2 ( ( 2
2
2 1
2
2 2 2 1 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
2
1 2
| | o o o
| | o
+ + +
+ + =
A Cosh A Sech A A Cosh
A A Cosh Cos A Cosh F
Nonlinear tunneling of a Schrdinger soliton through dispersion (or nonlinear) wells and
barriers was discussed in several papers. It was found that in certain circumstances, depending
on the ratio of soliton amplitude to barrier height, the soliton can tunnel through the barrier in
a lossless manner. The tunneling effects of optical solitons governed by the NLS-MB system
have been less investigated until now. The propagation of solitons with varying GVD and the
nonlinearity coefficients can simply be interpreted as a tunneling through the barriers. To
achieve the pulse compression, we consider a system with decaying nonlinearity and
dispersion barrier riding on the exponential background as below [4]




In the above expression, positive or the negative sign indicates the dispersion potential
barrier or the well respectively. Here, we have to consider the dispersion barrier i.e, corresponds
to the positive sign. Also , represents the barriers amplitude, o is the parameter relating to the
barriers width, z
0
denotes the position of the barrier, and r is a decaying parameter. d
0
and R
0

are constant parameters, having values are d
0
>0, R
0
>0.
TUNNELING EFFECT
) 10 ( )) ( ( ) exp( ) ( D
0 0
z z Sech z r d z = o ,
) exp( ) (
0
z r R z R =
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS









1(a) 1(b)
Fig. 1(a) Two soliton solution with
1
=4.7,
2
=1.5, o
1
= -0.05, o
2
= 0.09, |
1
=0.8 and |
2
= -1
with r = -0.02. Fig. 1(b) Corresponding contour plot.

we chose the position of the barrier, z
0
=4. Therefore dispersion barrier is formed at z= z
0
.
When soliton passing through the dispersion barrier compression and amplification
is occurs as shown in Fig 1(b).
There is no any compression till reach the position of the barrier. This means that, when
the pulse passes through the dispersion barrier with an exponential decay of coefficients, it
can be compressed to a desired extent by the choice of the barrier parameters. Soliton
propagation through tunneling has potential applications in the areas of optical fiber
compressors, optical fiber amplifiers, nonlinear optical switching, optical communications,
and long-haul telecommunication networks for achieving pulse compression.
CONCLUSION
With the help of the Darboux transformation, we have successfully derived the one and
two soliton solution for the GINLS-MB equation.
Via symbolic computation, we have carried out our study from an analytic viewpoint.
According to the given two-soliton solution we have discussed the nonlinear tunneling
effect.
In practical applications, the model is of primary interest not only for the compression
and amplication of optical solitons in inhomogeneous systems, but also for the stable
transmission of soliton control. The properties are meaningful for the investigation on
the stability of soliton propagation in the optical soliton communication. This is why we
are interested in the study and the ultimate goal of our research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to thank for DST India for providing financial support for
this research work.
REFERENCES
[1] G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (San Diego: Academic Press), 2005.
[2] V.N. Serkin and T.L. Belyaeva, JETP. 74, 573 (2001).
[3] W.J. Liu , B. Tian , P. Wang , Y. Jiang, K. Sun , M. Li and Q. X. Qu J. Mod. Opt. 57, 309
(2010).
[4] W.P. Zhong and M. R. Beli, Phys. Rev. E. 81, 056604 (2010).