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The majority ( 80%)of disabled people live in developing countries Estimates vary from 4-10 percent of population Nepal: 10%; Bangladesh 14%
Commits governments to promoting attaining the goals of universal and equal access to quality education, the highest attainable standard of physical, mental and environmental health, and the equal access to all to primary health care, making particular efforts to rectify inequalities relating to social and economic conditions, including housing, without distinction as to race, national origin, gender, or disability, respecting and promoting our common and particular cultures
Promoting access for all people to safe drinking water, sanitation and other basic services, facilities and amenities, especially for people living in poverty, women and those belonging to vulnerable and disadvantaged groups Eradicating and ensuring legal protection from discrimination to shelter and basic services on the grounds of disability and age;
To promote disability-sensitive planning and management of human Settlements; Recommends that Government and local authorities should:
Promote adoption of laws, by laws standards and norms and develop planning guidelines and programmes that consider specific needs of persons with disabilities, including the chronically ill;
Encourage the adoption of laws and policies ensuring persons with disabilities full access to all new public buildings and facilities; Promote representative structures, while ensuring full and equal participation of persons with disabilities; Eliminate communication barriers to reduce social and physical isolation; Promote equal access to all levels of education and skills Recognize that people with disabilities can provide expertise in their own housing and community requirements and they should be decision makers; Enhance community awareness of health care issues Provide persons with disabilities affordable and quality health care Develop policies and guidelines and provide services that enable persons with disabilities to be housed in community based settings
Adopted by UN General Assembly on 13December 2006 and entered into Force on 3 May 2008 Purpose: To Promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities and to promote respect for their inherent dignity A development and a human rights instrument; cross sectoral; cross-disability and legally binding
Persons with disabilities not viewed as objects of charity, medical treatment or social protection but as subjects with rights who are capable of claiming those rights and making decisions for their lives based on free and informed consent as well as being active members of society Gives universal recognition to the dignity of persons with disabilities
International Cooperation, including international development programmes should be inclusive of and accessible to persons with disabilities
Millennium Development Goals will not be achieved if persons with disabilities are not included Article 28: Adequate Standard of Living and Social Protection: Recognizes the right of persons with disabilities to access clean water services
Disabled people have the poorest access to water and sanitation Poor + Disability = Double impact: Amongst the poorest; almost every family is affected Inclusive facilities benefits the entire community - Reduces burden of care-givers ( mainly women) - water related infections affecting persons with disabilities puts family and community at risk - Inclusive facilities are economically more efficient ( specially created facilities are expensive) Access to water and sanitation is a human right
Disability, poor access to water and sanitation and poverty are interrelated ( e.g diarrhoea, polio, fluoride and arsenic contamination)
Diarrhoea is responsible for 5% of health loss due to disability
Arsenic in water estimated to cause 200,000 -270,000 deaths from cancer in Bangladesh; More than 2 million cases of skeletal fluorosis in China
UNECA-Leonard Cheshire Conference Addis Ababa 20-22 May 2008
Disability
Barriers to access
Unseen and Unheard: Official statistics often underestimate the proportion of persons with disabilities Public water and sanitation facilities usually do not consider the range of users trying to access services
Attitudinal barriers
Physical barriers
Integrated Solutions
From WEDC Publication: Water and Sanitation For Disabled People and other vulnerable groups
UNECA-Leonard Cheshire Conference Addis Ababa 20-22 May 2008
Elderly and frail; Chronically ill; people with HIV/AIDS Menstruating girls: school absenteeism due to lack of facilities to dispose of sanitary napkins;
Participatory assessments ensuring that persons with disabilities truly participate capacity building of community facilitators on disability and access to water and sanitation + awareness raising of policy makers and service providers Attitudinal changes through HVBSHE; addressing social exclusion and stigma; Promoting a new and inclusive ethic in the community; protecting and promoting the dignity of persons with disabilities Design of User friendly water and sanitation services ( Guiding principles from Water Aid Nepal)
Access: Persons with disabilities should be able to access without assistance and without undue difficulty; barriers in the natural environment like slippery slopes and cultural practice of locating latrines far from the house should be considered Usability : Everyone should be able to use facilities ( e.g height of tap, use of platforms ) Safety: facilities to be built in a way that does not endanger life or health- consider hand rails, rough surface finishing, alarms
Handrails and painted toilet block; easy transfer from w/chair and hygiene
Collaborating with the Private sector : Developing a disability centre in Kibera, Nairobi for children with disabilities; facilitating access to infrastructure and education for Tsunami affected persons in Indian coastal cities of Nagipatnam and Prakasam
Developing policy guidelines for addressing the issue of children with disabilities in slum Mainstreaming access to persons with disabilities in the programme through policy dialogue and demonstration initiatives
UNECA-Leonard Cheshire Conference Addis Ababa 20-22 May 2008
Capacity building of engineers and service providers on disability related issues integrated in the water and sanitation programme of UN-HABITAT Promoting attitudinal change through HVBWSHE as a part of Water and sanitation programmes Ensuring that participatory assessments includes the voices of persons with disabilities; Preparing field guides and check lists to ensure water and sanitation initiatives address the needs of persons with disabilities
Thank You