Anti-Seismic Measures on Water Suppy

Introduction and Overview

Akira NITTA Water Supply Division Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Government of Japan

Significant earthquakes in the vicinity of Japan

From Jan. 1996 to Jul. 2006

magnitude

Depth (km)

Source:http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/eq/higai/higai1996-new.html

Recent Major Earthquakes in Japan

Kobe Earthquake - January 17,1995
Epicenter: beneath Kobe City Richter magnitude scale: 7.3 Fatalities : more than 6,000 Disruption of water supply : about 1.3 million households just after the disaster, the amount of damage reached about 56 billion JPY (460 million US$) Emergency restoration of water supply facilities : took about 3 months

Kobe Earthquake - Jan 17,1995 -

Damage to Buildings in Kobe City

Damage to Water Pipes

Kobe Earthquake - Jan 17,1995 -

Fires happened frequently, and a lot of houses were burnt down.

Kobe Earthquake - Jan 17,1995 -

The sixth floor of the city office was crushed.

Recent Major Earthquakes in Japan

The Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake - October 23, 2004
Epicenter: mountainous region Richter magnitude scale: 6.9 Fatalities : 40 Injuries : about 4,500 Disruption of water supply : about 130 thousand households Emergency restoration of water supply facilities : took from 1 to 2 months

The Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake - Oct 23, 2004

Damage to Small-scale Water Supply Facility due to Landslide

The Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake - Oct 23, 2004

Damage to water pipes under the ground

The Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake - Oct 23, 2004 -

Emergency Water Supply by Water Wagon

Damage to water facilities at the Mid Niigata prefecture earthquake

Damage to water treatment plants and distribution reservoirs Large plants and reservoirs were slightly damaged Small plants and reservoirs in the mountain area were seriously damaged by breakdown of surrounding ground. These were moved or sagged and their functions were crashed. Private electric generator for emergency didnt start up immediately because of groundwater influx and damage to the peripheral pumps and equipments such as coolant water pumps. Antiseismic reinforced facilities were taken no damage.

Damage to water facilities at the Mid Niigata prefecture earthquake

Damage to pipe lines The ratio of damage to pipe lines was less than the Kobe earthquake. The most damage hit the soft grounds, developed lands banking area and slopes, which is the same tendency of the Kobe earthquake. The pipe lines in the mountain area were flown out with the slope and road failures. It was ascertained that antiearthquake measures to pipe lines and renewal of decrepit pipe lines based on the knowledge obtained by Kobe earthquake were effective.

Measures at the hardware side

Antiseismic reinforcement of water supply facilities

Create earthquake-resistance standards of facilities Development of promotion program to enhance earthquake safety to facilities Promotion of improvement to supply main medical centers with quake proof water distributing pipes Urgent renewal of aging and weak pipelines

Securing of reservoir capacity at distributing reservoir securing capacity for 12 hours Installation of emergency cutoff valves Looping of pipe lines Multiplication of water resources Development of emergency water supply bases

Effective precaution for water supply -BuildingsSeismic damage depends on ground condition and peripheral land form

It is important to select location of facilities and foundation structure cautiously. Dont select high groundwater level area, steep slope and mounded lands.

Effective precaution for water supply -Pipe linesUse earthquake-resistant pipes

Coated steel pipes

Ductile cast-iron pipes with earthquakeresistant joints

Polyethylene pipes with electric fusion joint

Construct bypass and looped pipelines

Cost-effectiveness analysis is necessary

Earthquake-resistant joint of Ductile Cast-Iron Pipe

Rate of earthquake-resistant waterworks facilities and pipelines

100

Rate of earthquake-resistant(%)

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Water treatment plants

Distribution reservoirs

Main pipelines

Emergency cut-off valves

Emergency water supply bases

Emergency water supply bases in Tokyo

sourcehttp://www.waterworks.metro.tokyo.jp/pp/suido/kyusui_point.htm

Measures at the software side

Development of emergency water supply planning - Securing of other water supply method and water resource and emergency water delivery route for residents Cooperation agreement between waterworks - Emergency supply and rehabilitation assistance to the waterworks affected by earthquake from other unaffected waterworks Cooperation with relevant institutions such as sewerage - Communicate information about influx to water resources from raw sewage and industrial wastewater - Coordination of restoration of water supply and sewage line

Rescue operation
Fast restoration
Information gathering
Emergency repair Secure manpower and accept support from other

Enhancement of emergency water supply

water supply by transport water supply at base points

Waterworks Vision
Measures to Improve the Quality of the Future Water Supply Service (November 1990) Long-Term Objectives for Development of the Water Supply Service for the 21st Century (Clean Water Supply Service) (June 1991)

Ideal Water Supply Service and Water Administration in the 21st Century (Panel on Basic Issues Concerning Waterworks, July 1999)

Partial Amendment to the Waterworks Law in 2001

Changing environment surrounding the water supply in Japan Growing concerns over issues related to waterworks

Analysis and evaluation of the current and future prospects of the service Ideal water supply service in the future Setting common goals among parties involved in the service Defining future policy issues Clarifying specific measures and actions to be taken

Waterworks Vision (2004)

Ideal water supply service Water supply system that strives to be a leading player in the world
Setting higher goals and making steady progress Service that customers are always satisfied with and are willing to support

Policy objectives
1) Safety
Supply people with safe and good-tasting tap water

Promotion of measures
(1) Strengthening the basis of the water supply system (2) Ensuring a safe and convenient water supply

2) Stability
A stable supply of water for domestic use anytime, anywhere

3) Sustainability

Providing a worldclass service in various contexts

<Safety > < Stability > < Sustainability > < Environment > < Globalization >

Strengthening the basis of the water supply system taking local characteristics into account Preserving and developing practices and skills accumulated in the water supply service Improving the water supply service based on customer needs

(3) Improving disaster prevention

(4) Improving environmental and energy measures

4) Environment
Contribute to environmental conservation

5) Globalization
Contribute to the world by transferring our experiences to other countries

(5) International contributions in the water supply service through international cooperation

Thank you very much for your kind attention!