AUDIO and VIDEO Materials

Group 2

Audio
it can be electrical or digital representation of sound in space

Video
is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion

AUDIO

Brief History
1877 first to be used by Thomas Edison 1878 first music to put on record by Jules Levy Yankee Doodle 1881 microphones are used in Opera 1887 patent on flat-disc gramophone 1888 Edison made motor driven phonograph 1895 first transmission was made through US and Italy 1906 the first signal amplifier was made 1910 first live broadcast from Metropolitan Opera 1913 first talking movie was invented by Edison 1919 Radio Corporation of America is founded 1925 - first electrically recorded 78 rpm disks appear

Brief History
1926 Oneil patented the first oxide-coated paper tape 1927 JVC (Japan Victor Corporation) was formed 1928 the Blattnerphone was developed as a magnetic recorder using steel tape. 1935 first tape recording of symphony concert 1938 44B 77B bidirectional mic was made by RCA 1939 Major Armstrong invented the first FM and experimental broadcast of FM 1940 Walt Disney presented Fantasia with 8 stereophonic sound 1941 first commercial FM broadcasting in US 1942 first stereotape was made by Helmut Kruger in Germany

Brief History
1942 audio transmitters are used during the war 1946 3M introduces SCOTCH No.100, a black oxide paper tape. 1946 1955 it was the Golden age for new inventions in audio 1958 first commercial stereo-disc appeared 1961 3M produces the first 2 track disc 1963 Philips introduced the compact cassette tapes. 1965 1975 companies like DTK, Dolby, and Lexicon, Mitsubishi, and Sony are continuing to develop 1980 Mitsubishi and Sony introduces multi-track digital recorder

Brief History
1981 Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD) 1982 Sony released first cd play 1985 Dolby introduces the SR spectral recording 1986 first sphere microphone was introduced 1991 Apple debuts Quicktime 1992 Microsoft debuts Player which plays Jaz and Zip formats 1994 Yamaha unveils ProMix01 as music player console. 1996 Record labels are adding multimedia files to CDs 1998 Mp3 formats are downloadable from the internet 1999 Audio DVDs are agreed by manufacturer 2000 present new age of audio formats are realeased

Types of Audio Materials Cassette tapes CD (compact discs) Mp3

Cassette tapes
Created first by Philips in 1963 Became popular medium of audio during the 1970s to 1990s Used for dictation in the 60s and became popular to music during the 70s Became more practical than the usual and bigger 8 track tape In 1979 Sony produced Walkman which is a portable cassette player Had more playing time than any other audio materials, thus chosen by DJs Ended in 2000s because of CDs and MP3 digital formats

Compact Discs
Optical discs used to store digital data Originally developed to store and playback sounds Expanded to encompass data storage Introduced in the market in 1980 by Philips and Sony 1984 CD-ROM was born It has 650Mb or 74 minutes before but soon developed to be 700Mb or 80 minutes now it is being replaced by DVD because of high quality storage

Mp3
MPEG Audio layer 3 ability to use your computer and the internet to obtain audio files an audio compression format that makes large audio files available by shrinking them into smaller files quickly and easily is an open standard that it is available to anyone who has access to the internet Many of the audio files are also free, programs are available that will convert audio CD tracks to MP3 MP3 is a way for audiophiles to enjoy their favorite music a way to obtain the newest ersions of a particular artists song

Mp3
Drawbacks
Not all internet sites make legal copies of music available It is the responsibility of the user to respect the copyright laws related to audio

Educational Application
Cassette Tapes (1970s 1990s) - to record and play sounds - can be applied to any disciplines or subjects - makes learning more fun and interesting - to record important sounds
Compact Discs (2000s to present) - playback sounds - storage tool for important data - makes learning fun and interesting

Educational Application
MP3
- provides easy music formats for presentations - easy access format with the use of internet - can be applied in teaching - makes learning fun and interesting

VIDEO

Brief History
1930s first developed cathode ray tubes to be used in television 1951 first video tape recorder (VTR) was develop to capture live images 1956 the first video tape was sold for $50,000 1960 many companies are developing video tapes 1971 Sony started to sell first VCR (Betamax) 1972 1980 many companies such as JVC conquered the world of videography 1980s 1990s VHS was introduced as popular storage 2000 VCD or Video Compact discs started to come out 2005 present DVDs developed for high quality video storage and internet videos became popular

Types of Video Materials

VHS

VCD DVD internet videos

VHS / Tapes
1976, JVC developed the VHS (video home system) which became successful VHS was the most popular because of many advantages Has the ability to rewind and fast forward quickly Was popular for two decades Lost with VCD during 2000

VCD(video compact discs)

early 1970s, Philips developed laser discs the history of VCD was along the development of CDs 1990s engineers was able to digitalize video Became popular during 2000s could hold 83 minutes of audio and video eventually replaced by DVD because of some issues first format for distributing films on standard 120 mm optical discs are playable in dedicated VCD players, most DVDVideo players, personal computers, and some video game consoles

DVD (Digital Video Disc)

first developed in 2005 Replaced VCD in terms of quality video storage is a consumer video format used to store digital video on DVD discs dominant consumer video format in Asia, North America, Europe, and Australia Commercial DVD movies are encoded using a combination of MPEG-2 compressed video and audio of varying formats It is a fast and practical device used to store video data and other media

Internet Videos
first to be introduced by YouTube on the year 2005 became one of the fastest growing website on the web during 2006 it started the easy access videos from the web It also provides different formats that could be downloaded

Educational Application
VHS, VCD, and DVD share one application that is to view educational programs or videos that could help students Internet videos could be downloaded and used in school projects and discussions It makes learning more fun and interesting

REFFERENCES:
www. wikipedia.com www. google.com www. encarta.com http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/audio.hi story.timeline.html