ELECTRONIC INK

by

Santhosh kumar M.J.

under the guidence of Mr.Siddiq Iqbal
Lecturer

4BB03CS026

Department of Computer Science & Engg

What is E-INK?
Electronic ink is a proprietary material that is processed into a film for integration into electronic displays. Electronic ink is a liquid substance that responds to electrical impulses to enable changeable text and image displays on a flexible surface.

COMPONENTS OF E-INK

Ink Microcapsules Electrical charge

 Millions of tiny microcapsules or cavities An ink or oily substance filling the microcapsules or cavities Pigmented chips or balls with a electrical charge flowing inside the microcapsule
MICROCAPSULES: These are the tiny spheres called microcapsules. Millions of these spheres have a clear outer shell and are filled with dark dye.Within each sphere there are microscopic chip of white pigment. These chips are charged to either positive or negative polarity.

The microcapsules are only 100microns wide comprising of hundreds of smaller pigmented chips . About 100,000 microcapsules can fit into a square inch of paper .

INK : Ink comprises of several tiny spherical microcapsules which are white and black powered pigments suspended in oily substance , usually vegetable oil.
ELECTRICAL CHARGE : The microcapsules are subjected to electrical impulses which creates the patterns of text and the images. Electrical charge applied is about 1/10 th of a watt of power that is about 1/1000 th of power used by 100 watt bulb.

Principle behind E-INK

Microcapsule is also called Beach balls. Millions of ping pong balls.

Filled with blue dye.

Reversal of charge

Working of E-INK
Material is coated with E-INK. Electrical impulse is applied.
White particles move to surface and they become visible to user.

DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES THAT INVOLVE ELECTRONIC INK

Microencapsulation techniques.
Bacteriorhodopsin. Electrophoresis.

Electro wetting.
Plastic transistor.

 Spraying liquids.
Ink in motion. Full colour images. E-INK imaging film. Flexible displays. Segmented display.

November, 2000 Lucent and E-Ink demonstrate first flexible electronic ink display with flexible transistors.

E-paper
Potential future applications.

Likely relevence to HE and FE.

Electronic Ink In Pixel working

BENEFITS OF ELECTRONIC INK

Readability
Electronic ink is more than 6 times brighter than reflective LCDs, exceeds newspapers in contrast ratio and reads easily in both dim light and full sunlight like paper, electronic ink displays have a clear image that can be seen at any angle without a change in contrast.

Ultra-Low power

Electronic ink allows a fixed image to remain on screen even after the power source is shut off With less than thousandth the power required by the standard notebook computer screen, future portable devices could be less expensive and more portable and thereby having dramatically longer battery life.

Thin, Light Flexible form Electronic ink displays will allow manufacturers to create dedicated devices that have the same power draw and weight but offer a large screen. The result would be e-books that will be thinner and lighter and look like a pad of paper that cause less eyestrain than other displays that typically emit or transmit light.

APPLICATION
Immedia: Area display board. The message on any or all of the signs can be changed remotely simply at the push of a button. Download our daily newspaper or the latest bestseller onto a single sheet of electronic paper. Incorporation of e-paper into handheld devices like PDAs, cell phones . E-ink is used for applications such as e-books, enewspapers, portable signs.

 E-WAND, an electronic stick that can hold ten full-sized books and also transfer text on to a sheet of gyricon when run over the surface like handheld scanner. Download our daily newspaper or the latest bestseller onto a single sheet of electronic paper.

Drawbacks
Electronic ink will always need traditional chips to handle the more complex tasks of taking orders from computers Though succeeded in flexible displays, the refresh rates i.e, the speed at which they can turn a single dot on or off- has been slow.

Conclusion
We are seeing a technology develop that will saddle itself more to the book analogy. Unlike the portable e-book readers where one must click to simulate the turning of a book page, with electronic ink/paper one will actually be able to do the page flipping. These products take us even closer to the paper reading experience than the existing portable e-book readers.

THANK U..