Subhadeep Notes

Session Outline
What is a WBS and where is it useful?

What is successive decomposition? How is the WBS used on a program?
How can I tell if I have a good WBS?

Numbering notation. Examples. Common errors.
Day 0, P2 Work Breakdown Structure Review & Prep! CVISN Planning Workshop 3/19/2012 8:37 AM The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
Outline
P2 - 1
Where is WBS Useful?
Rocket Science? Brain Surgery? CVISN?
P2 - 2
The Work Breakdown Structure Is...

Product-oriented hierarchy of goods and services. Form: inverted tree; or indented list. Visualizing the entire project.
Common framework for planning and control.

Vehicle to divide work into tasks that are: Manageable Independent Measurable Integratable Graphically displays entire project. Clear definition of all effort. Top Assembly Drawing of the project. Product Breakdown Structure or Project Breakdown Structure more apt name! Or perhaps Work Buildup Structure.
Day 0, P2 Work Breakdown Structure Review & Prep! CVISN Planning Workshop 3/19/2012 8:37 AM The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory WBS Definition
P2 - 3
Create a WBS via Recursive Product-Oriented Decomposition

(Call This Level 1)
Associated Support Service Level 2
Principal Product
Principal Product
Associated Support Product Level 2
more decomposition
Sub-Product
Sub-Product
more decomposition
Sub-SubProduct(s)
and so on, while it makes sense

Day 0, P2 Work Breakdown Structure Review & Prep! CVISN Planning Workshop 3/19/2012 8:37 AM The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory WBS Construction
2000-01-26
P2 - 4
Example: Break Down 100% (1 of 2)

100%
Decomposition
Summation
2000-01-26
P2 - 5
Example: Break Down 100% (2 of 2)

100%
10%
20%
60%
more decomposition
10%
5%
20%
25%
10%
more decomposition
2%
20%
3%
and so on, while it makes sense
Summation
2000-01-26
P2 - 6
By decomposing, eventually.....
(Call This Level 1)
Associated Support Services Level 2
Principal Product(s)
Associated Support Products Level 2
More More Decomposition More Decomposition Decomposition
.....you get to activities that can be assigned and scheduled.

Program
Program Integration Activity Plan CVISN Program
More More Decomposition More Decomposition More Decomposition More Decomposition More Decomposition Decomposition
More More More More More More Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition More More More Decomposition More Decomposition More Decomposition More More More More More More Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition More More More More Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition More Decomposition More Decomposition More More More More More More Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition More More More Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition More More More More Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition
Project
Credentialing
Project Integration Plan
Project Integration Plan Safety
Product
Product Activity Plan
IRP
CI
CVIEW
WBS Construction
P2 - 7
Example Extended WBS for a Complex Program
Note the different orientations from top to bottom.
WBS unfolds and evolves as scope and design become known.
The Work to be Done!
WBS Definition
P2 - 8
WBS for Brain Surgery (tree format)

Surgical Treatment Project
1.0 Diagnosis
2.0 Plan for Operation
3.0 Preoperative Patient Care
4.0 Execution of Operation
5.0 Postoperative Patient Care
6.0 Long-Term Patient Care
History
Communications Among Team
Verify Patient Can Handle Stress of Surgery
Verify Patient Identity & Location of Surgery
Written Care Orders
Follow-up Clinical Visits
Clinical Exam
Patient & Team Positioning

(for neurosurgery)
Stop Drugs that Would Interfere with Surgery
Anesthesia
Briefing of Recovery Staff by Surgeon Vital Signs & Fluid-Loss Monitoring Neurophysiological Monitoring
Physical Therapy
Imaging
Acquisition of Needed Instruments & Equipment Scheduling of Needed Specialists

Practice Run-Throughs
Patient Under the Knife Vital Signs & Fluid-Loss Monitoring

Neurophysiological Monitoring
(during neurosurgery)
Blood & Tissue Tests

Likely Diagnosis
Risk Assessment
Maintain Neat & Clean Operative Field Wrap-up: Verify Small Part Count
(sponge, needle, cottonoid, Michel clips)
Education of Patient
Alternative Analysis & Trade-Offs

Treatment Plan
Operative Notes & Chart Updates
Sources: 1. Bailey & Lovess Short Practice of Surgery, 22nd Edition, edited by Charles V. Mann, R.C.G. Russell, and Norman S. Williams. Chapman & Hall Medical, 1995. ISBN 0-412-49490-6. 2. Brain Surgery Complication Avoidance and Management, by Michael L. J. Apuzzo, M.D. Churchill Livingstone, Inc., 1993. ISBN 0-443-08709-1. See Chapter 1, Preoperative and Surgical Planning for Avoiding Complications by Robert G. Grossman.
P2 - 9
WBS for Brain Surgery (indented list)

Surgical Treatment Project 1.0 Diagnosis History General Medical Condition Specific Complaint Clerking?? (for elective surgery??) Clinical Exam Imaging Ultrasonography Plain Radiography (X-Ray) Computed Tomography (CAT Scan) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Blood and Tissue Tests Likely Diagnosis Risk Assessment Education of Patient (e.g. anatomy) Alternative Analysis & Trade-Offs Treatment Plan 2.0 Planning of the Operation Communications Among Team Patient and Team Positioning (for neurosurgery) Acquisition of Needed Instruments & Equipment Scheduling of Needed Specialists Practice Run-Throughs 3. 0 Preoperative Patient Care Verify Patient can Handle Stress of Surgery Stop Drugs that Would Interfere with Surgery 4.0 Execution of the Operation (Actual Surgery) Verify Patient Identity and Location of Surgery Anesthesia Patient Under the Knife Real-time Diagnostic Biopsies Therapeutic Surgery Vital Signs and Fluid-Loss Monitoring Neurophysiological monitoring (during neurosurgery) Maintain Neat and Clean Operative Field Wrap-up: Verify Small Part Count (sponge, needle, cottonoid, Michel clips) Operative Notes and Chart Updates 5.0 Postoperative Care Written Care Orders Briefing of Recovery Staff by Surgeon Vital Signs and Fluid-Loss Monitoring Neurophysiological Monitoring 6.0 Long-Term Patient Care Follow-up Clinical Visits Physical Therapy
P2 - 10
WBS is The Basis For......

Cost estimates and budgets.
Milestones & schedules.

Responsibility assignment. Allocation of resources.
Schedule horizontal and vertical traceability.

Risk analysis. Concurrence of participants.
Integrating the total project effort.

Summarizing costs, schedules, performance. Forcing the Project Manager to think through all elements of the project.
P2 - 11
Tests for a Good WBS:

Product-oriented hierarchy of goods and services. Top level may be dictated by contract. Basis for cost estimating, project organization, assigning responsibility, task scheduling, and status reporting. Basis for understanding and communication. Each element should be manageable. Based on System Engineering: interfaces are minimized; units are stand-alone testable. Eliminating one product element will delete the associated costs. Segregate recurring from non-recurring costs. Identifies and defines all effort to be expended: correlation of lower levels to specification tree, contract line items, data items, and work statement tasks. Useful! Reflects the way the work is managed and performed. Sufficiently low level to establish adequate visibility and confidence for cost estimating, project planning, and project control. Technical/cost/schedule can be integrated at every level for each element.
P2 - 12
WBS Levels & Numbering Notation

Satellite Mission Project
Level 1
3. Spacecraft Bus 4. Ground Support Equipment
1. Project Management
2. Science Instruments
Level 2
2.1 Magnetometer 2.2 Spectrograph 3.1 Propulsion Subsystem 3.2 Attitude Control Subsystem 3.3 Command & Data Handling Subsystem
Satellite Mission Project (Level 1)

1. Project Management (Level 2) 2. Science Instruments 2.1 Magnetometer 2.2 Spectrograph 3. Spacecraft Bus 3.1 Propulsion Subsystem (Level 3) 3.2 Attitude Control Subsystem 3.3 Command & Data Handling Subsystem 3.3.1 C&DH Hardware (Level 4) 3.3.1.1 Processor Card (Level 5) 3.3.1.2 Memory Card 3.3.2 C&DH Software 3.3.3 Subsystem Integration 4. Ground Support Equipment
3.3.1 C&DH Hardware
Level 3
Level 4 Level 5
3.3.1.1 Processor Card 3.3.1.2 Memory Card

3.3.2 C&DH Software
3.3.3 Subsystem Integration
WBS Definition
P2 - 13
Scenario Exercise
Imagine you are working at the Atlantic Pacific Sea Vision Fountain Pen Manufacturing Company
Motto: Yesterdays Technology Solving Todays Problems Tomorrow
Lets develop a WBS for our proposed mechanical pencil project.

Day 0, P2 Work Breakdown Structure Review & Prep! CVISN Planning Workshop 3/19/2012 8:37 AM The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Exercise
P2 - 14
Where Does the Work Get Done?!!

Satellite Mission Project
1. Project Management 2. Science Instruments 3. Spacecraft Bus 3.1 Propulsion Subsystem 3.2 Attitude Control Subsystem 3.3 Command & Data Handling Subsystem 3.3.1 C&DH Hardware 3.3.1.1 Processor Card 3.3.1.1.1 Engineering Design 3.3.1.1.2 Layout & Package Design 3.3.1.1.3 Fabrication 3.3.1.1.4 Assembly & Test 3.3.2 C&DH Software 3.3.2.1 Command Parsing Module 3.3.2.1.1 Architectural Design 3.3.2.1.2 Detailed Design 3.3.2.1.3 Coding 3.3.2.1.4 Unit Test 3.3.3 Subsystem Integration 3.3.3.1 Integration Plan 3.3.3.1 Integrate Instruments with Bus 4. Ground Support Equipment
Product-Oriented Nouns
Process-Oriented Here is real work! Verbs
WBS Definition
P2 - 16
Typical WBS for a State CVISN Program

Level 1 Level 2
1. Program Management 2. System Engineering & Integration
3. Safety Project
State CVISN Program

4. Credentials Project 5. E-Screening Project
6. Evaluation
1.1 Planning & Coordination
2.1 System Requirements Definition 2.2 System Design
3.1 Proj Mgt
4.1 Proj Mgt
5.1 Proj Mgt
6.1 Self-Evaluation
1.2 Carrier Coordination
3.2 Sys Engr & Integration
4.2 Sys Engr &
5.2 Sys Engr & Integration
6.2 National Evaluation (Funded Separately)
1.3 Showcases & Outreach
2.3 Architecture Conformance

2.4 System Integration and Test 2.5 Interoperability Testing
3.3 Subcontract & Procurement Mgt

3.4 CV Information Exchange Window (CVIEW) 3.5 ASPEN

4.4 International Registration Plan (IRP)

5.4 Roadside Operations
Level 3
1.4 Regional Coordination
1.5 O & M Planning
4.5 International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA)

4.6 Credentialing Interface
5.5 Screening
1.6 Training
3.6 SAFETYNET
5.6 Site Mods
1.7 Policy
3.7 Builds 1...n
4.7 Motor Carrier Home Page & Web Credentialing 4.8 Carrier Cred Systems (CAT or module)
4.9 Intra-State Registration
5.7 Carrier E-Screening Enrollment

5.8 Builds 1...n
4.10 Builds 1...n
WBS Sample
2001-06-14
P2 - 17
Elements Not to Include in WBS

Do not use the structure of the contractors organization as the basis of a WBS. At the top levels do not begin by decomposing into the functions or cost categories associated with developing those products.
What not to do! Program
Adapted from Department of Defense Handbook Work Breakdown Structure, MIL-HDBK-881. Available at: http://www.acq.osd.mil/pm/newpolicy/wbs/wbs.html. Includes examples from the defense industry.
Design
Build
Test
Hardware
Software
Do not use generic names -- use actual system names and nomenclature. No disembodied software -- software developed to reside on specific equipment must be identified as a subset of that equipment.
P2 - 18
Common Errors When Creating WBS

Does not include all of the work.
Example: The project calls for a prototype and a final version, but the WBS shows only one of these. Or it shows the prototype in detail, and then simply lists the other without showing the work needed to produce it.
The level of detail is not sufficient to manage the program.

Example: The big pieces may be there, but they are not broken down sufficiently to enable the work to be assigned, tracked, and managed. (The test would be: Can you use this WBS to make a good, detailed CPM network?)
Important but not readily apparent steps are left out.

Example: The omission of integration and testing.
The work is there, but its not arranged logically.

Example: Lower-level product integration and testing is there, but its off on its own and you cannot tell what it is to be applied to or when.
WBS Definition
P2 - 19

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Session Outline

What is a WBS and where is it useful?

How can I tell if I have a good WBS?

Where is WBS Useful?

Rocket Science? Brain Surgery? CVISN?

The Work Breakdown Structure Is...

Common framework for planning and control.

Create a WBS via Recursive Product-Oriented Decomposition

Associated Support Service Level 2

Associated Support Product Level 2

Associated Support Service Level 3

Associated Support Product Level 3

Associated Support Service Level 4

Associated Support Product Level 4

and so on, while it makes sense

Example: Break Down 100% (1 of 2)

Example: Break Down 100% (2 of 2)

and so on, while it makes sense

Associated Support Services Level 2

Associated Support Products Level 2

More More Decomposition More Decomposition Decomposition

More More Decomposition More Decomposition Decomposition

More More Decomposition More Decomposition Decomposition

.....you get to activities that can be assigned and scheduled.

Project Integration Plan

Project Integration Plan Safety

Product Activity Plan

Product Activity Plan

Product Activity Plan

Example Extended WBS for a Complex Program

Note the different orientations from top to bottom.

WBS unfolds and evolves as scope and design become known.

The Work to be Done!

WBS for Brain Surgery (tree format)

2.0 Plan for Operation

3.0 Preoperative Patient Care

4.0 Execution of Operation

5.0 Postoperative Patient Care

6.0 Long-Term Patient Care

Communications Among Team

Verify Patient Can Handle Stress of Surgery

Verify Patient Identity & Location of Surgery

Written Care Orders

Follow-up Clinical Visits

Patient & Team Positioning

Stop Drugs that Would Interfere with Surgery

Acquisition of Needed Instruments & Equipment Scheduling of Needed Specialists

Patient Under the Knife Vital Signs & Fluid-Loss Monitoring

Blood & Tissue Tests

Alternative Analysis & Trade-Offs

Operative Notes & Chart Updates

WBS for Brain Surgery (indented list)

WBS is The Basis For......

Milestones & schedules.

Schedule horizontal and vertical traceability.

Integrating the total project effort.

Tests for a Good WBS:

WBS Levels & Numbering Notation

Satellite Mission Project (Level 1)

3.3.1.1 Processor Card 3.3.1.2 Memory Card

3.3.3 Subsystem Integration

Lets develop a WBS for our proposed mechanical pencil project.

Where Does the Work Get Done?!!