NANOROBOTSSUBSTITUTES FOR PRESENT HEART SURGERIES

By T.V.Narendra kumar 08A61A04B0 E.C.E(B)

INTRODUCTION
Current diagnostic measures include a lot of painful processes like the Angiogram. The treatment for the block is also extremely dangerous, time consuming and painful. Angioplasty, though having a high success rate, is still old fashioned. Nanorobots can be effectively used in this process of curing heart blocks.

CAUSES OF HEART ATTACK

We don't walk. We eat too much saturated fat

We don't eat enough fruits and vegetables

We don't have regular exercise

We drink too much alcohol

We smoke.

CHOLESTEROLS
blood have a biochemical compound known as cholesterol(upto a certain extent) . The cholesterols found in the human body can be classified into two types. They are, Low density lipids (LDL) High density lipids(HDL) It is both produced in the liver and consumed by eating animal products such as meat, eggs or dairy products

 In fact, the body naturally produces up to four times more cholesterol than what normally would be taken in through diet The body uses cholesterol to: in the manufacture of hormones .
Break down carbohydrates and proteins Help form a protective coating around nerves

Cholesterol is carried through the bloodstream by lipoproteins.

H.D.L
These contain more of protein and less fat The HDLs are basically harmless and are disposed off by the body effectively. These HDLs are basically stable and hence do not stick to the walls of the blood vessels. HDLs help to carry the bad cholesterols from the blood stream to the liver from where it gets disposed.

L.D.L
LDLs contain more fat and less protein. LDLs or bad cholesterols get accumulated on the walls of the blood vessels, This happens because these LDLs are highly unstable. These rather than being disposed off by the liver, they get accumulated along the walls of the arteries.

ANGIOGRAM
Here a small tube of diameter of about a few micrometer is used. a radioactive fluid is injected into the blood stream, the flow of which is monitored by a continuous X-ray. Once the block has been located, it is removed by a method known as Angioplasty.

ANGIOPLASTY
In this method the end of the catheter has a deflated balloon. This balloon is positioned under the block and it is inflated, so that the block bursts, and is carried away through the blood stream.

NANOROBOTS
Nanorobots are nanodevices that may be of about 3 to 5 micrometres in size. These nanorobots are mainly made up of carbon, and may be given a coating of diamond.
Size of nanorobots when compared to that of the red blood cells.

 Nanorobots with nanosensors to locate the block. These robots will need four kinds of nanosensors.
pressure sensors acoustic sensors chemo sensors smart sensors

 three types of nanorobots needed for the process, are injected into blood vessels of the patient. the acoustic sensors in the sensor robots get activated and begin navigating the army of robots through the blood stream to the pericardium

 the smart sensors present in the sensor robots, get activated and form a closed ad-hoc network connecting all the robots. The pressure sensors mounted on the sensor robots, scan the blood vessels for variations in the blood pressure. This will act as the first confirmation

Sensor robots that navigate the other robots through the blood stream.

 The second confirmation, comes from the chemo sensors. these sensors differentiate the cholesterol compounds accumulated on the walls of the blood vessels, from the actual composition of the tissues of the blood vessels. In this way, the block can be identified accurately.

 After successful location of the block, the second type of nanorobots , those equipped with nanolasers, come into picture. These laser robots on activation based on the information flow through the network effectively burn down the block. The final leg of the operation is to seal the area of the block.

ADVANTAGES
The process is very fast. The patient is not subjected to harmful rays unlike angioplasty where he is placed below a continuous X-ray during diagnosis. The process is less painful unlike angioplasty, where the patient takes months to recover from the physical trauma of the operation

DISADVANTAGES
The technology may take several years to be implemented practically. very costly.

CONCLUSION
Nanotechnology is truly a vast field of research and study. The machines needed to fabricate these nanorobots are yet to be visualized. This field however at present, in its infancy stages, just like aviation was, during the early 1900s. Let us hope that this technology also will one day, become as successful and dominating like aviation today.

Thank you